156 PLANT AND ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 
chloride and sodium chloride solutions did not precipitate 
it. The gum was boiled with dilute acid, and heated over a 
water bath with Fehling’s solution, which it reduced. A few 
drops of hydrochloric acid and stronger alcohol were mixed 
with the concentrated gum solution for the separation of ara- 
bin. It was not separated. 
Carbhydrates. 
The filtrate and wash alcohol from the gum precipitate 
were mixed, and evaporated to a syrupy consistency at a tem¬ 
perature of 70° to 8o° C. The concentrated solution was treated 
with four volumes of stronger alcohol, and the resulting pre¬ 
cipitate of carbhydrates rapidly filtered off. It was soluble in 
water. It was not precipitated from aqueous solution by basic 
acetate of lead, and by this means it was distinguished from 
vegetable mucilage. The carbhydrates were boiled with dilute 
acid, and the solution was rendered alkaline, and heated over 
a water bath with Fehling’s solution. The latter was reduced. 
The percentage of carbhydrates as estimated, amounted to 
0.2 per cent. An aqueous carbhydrate solution was mixed with 
a solution of barium in 40 per cent, alcohol. It yielded no pre¬ 
cipitate. 
Carbhydrate Filtrate. 
The carbhydrate filtrate was concentrated at a low tempera¬ 
ture in a current of carbonic acid until the alcohol was dis¬ 
sipated. The residue was examined for glucose, organic acids, 
saponin, and tannin. Traces of glucose were detected quali¬ 
tatively by Fehling’s test; the amount of cuprous oxide pre¬ 
sent was too small to estimate gravimetrically. A part of the 
carbhydrate filtrate residue was boiled with 83 per cent, alco¬ 
hol, and filtered while hot. On cooling, a precipitate formed. 
This precipitate was identified as saponin. It was almost in¬ 
soluble in stronger alcohol. Baryta-water precipitated it from 
aqueous solution. Its aqueous solutions frothed on shaking. 
When agitated with chloroform and on evaporating the chloro¬ 
form solution, a light-colored residue was obtained. A few 
drops of concentrated sulphuric acid mixed with it gave a red- 
