158 PLANT AND ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 
a weighed porcelain-covered crucible, and the percentage of 
ash calculated. 
Weight of precipitate by stronger alcohol yielded.1.70 per cent. 
“ “ ash yielded.0.34 “ 
Carbhydrates. 
The filtrate and wash-alcohol from the gum precipitate were 
concentrated at a low temperature, and the residue was mixed 
with four volumes of stronger alcohol. The precipitate was 
rapidly filtered off, and the percentage of carbhydrates calcu¬ 
lated gravimetrically in the usual way, from the amount of 
cupric oxide reduced from Fehling’ s solution. It yielded 2.75 
per cent. 
Carbhydrate Filtrate. 
A portion, representing a certain volume of the aqueous 
extract , of the carbhydrate filtrate was evaporated, dried, and 
weighed. It yielded 7.65 per cent, of the total solids of the 
aqueous extract residue. A known weight of the carbhydrate 
filtrate residue was dissolved in water and heated over a water 
bath with Fehling’s solution, and the amount of glucose pre¬ 
sent estimated gravimetrically from the weight of the cupric 
oxide. It was estimated as 4.47 per cent. Another portion of 
the carbhydrate filtrate residue was boiled with 83 per cent, alco¬ 
hol. A precipitate formed on cooling, which was collected on 
a weighed filter, dried, and weighed. It yielded 1.98 per cent. 
The 83 per cent, alcohol precipitate was identified as saponin 
by the usual tests. The carbhydrate filtrate residue was preci¬ 
pitated by acetate of lead and the precipitate examined qual¬ 
itatively for organic acids. The lead precipitate was decom¬ 
posed by sulphuretted hydrogen and filtered, and the filtrate 
concentrated over a water bath, and mixed with lime-water 
until turbid. The turbidity did not clear on adding dilute acetic 
acid. 
The aqueous extract was examined for tannin, and with 
negative results. Calcium oxalate was present. 
