i62 PLANT AND ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 
solution for mineral acids. The aqueous extract contained no 
tannin. Calcium oxalate was determined in it. 
AQUEOUS MACERATION AT A TEMPERATURE OF 50° C. TO 6o° C. 
The Bark oj the Root (i), the Wood oj the Root (2). 
The powder (1) used in the cold water extraction was 
macerated with distilled water heated between 50° and 6o° C. 
The warm aqueous extract (1) was cooled and mixed with three 
volumes of stronger alcohol. A precipitate formed;it was dried, 
weighed, and the percentage estimated. It yielded 0.03 per 
cent. 1 The precipitate was dissolved in warm water. On evap¬ 
orating the filtrate a white residue was obtained. It was 
stained yellow by iodine. 
The powder (2) from the cold-water treatment was macer¬ 
ated in the warm water. The warm aqueous extract (2) was 
a dark-colored liquid, indicating a coloring-matter. A cer¬ 
tain measure of the extract was evaporated, and the solids 
estimated. It amounted to 4 per cent. The percentage of solids 
precipitated from the extract by stronger alcohol was 0.25 
per cent. 
QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF SAPONIN 2 
The two methods of Christophsohn and Otten for the quanti¬ 
tative estimation of saponin were adopted. The wood of the 
root was examined. 
A. Ten grams of the original powder were boiled with dis¬ 
tilled water. The saponin was precipitated by baryta-water. 
After weighing, it was ignited, and the baryta estimated as 
carbonate, calculated into oxide and deducted from the weight 
of the saponin-baryta, the difference being the weight of sa¬ 
ponin. 
B. The saponin-baryta was decomposed by acid and the 
weight of the sapogenin was ascertained and calculated to 
saponin. 
1 Examination for Inulin , page 87, “ Plant Analysis,” G. Dragendorff. 
English translation. 
2 Loc. cit., p. 68. 
