250 PLANT AND ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 
ethereal oils, alkaloids, piperin, white resin, and malic acid. 
Datisca cannabina 1 contains a coloring-matter and another 
substance peculiar to itself, datiscin, a kind of starch, or allied 
to the glucosides. 
Upon the same evolutionary plane among the monocotyle¬ 
dons, the dates and palms 1 2 contain in large quantities spe¬ 
cial starches, and this is in harmony with the principles of the 
theory. Alkaloids and glucosides have not as yet been dis¬ 
covered in them. 
Other monocotyledonous groups with simplicity of floral 
elements, such as the Typhaceae, contain large quantities of 
starch; in the case of Typha latijolia 3 12.5 per cent., and 1.5 
per cent gum. In the pollen of this same plant, 2.08 per cent 
starch has been found. 
Under the dicotyledonous groups there are no plants with 
simplicity of floral elements. 
Returning, now, to apetalous plants of multiplicity and sim¬ 
plification of floral elements, we find that the Urticaceas 4 con¬ 
tain free formic acid; the hemp 5 contains alkaloids; the hop, 6 
ethereal oil and resin; the rhubarb, 7 crysophonic acid; and 
the begonias, 8 chicarin and lapacho dyes. The highest apetal¬ 
ous plants contain camphors and oils. The highest of the 
monocotyledons contain a mucilage and oils; and the highest 
dicotyledons contain oils and special acids. 
The trees yielding common camphor and Borneol are from 
genera of the Lauraceae family; also sassafras camphor is from 
the same family. Small quantities of Stereoptenes are widely 
distributed through the plant kingdom. 
The Gramineae, or grasses, are especially characterized by 
1 Braconnot, Ann. Chim. Phys., II, iii, 277. Stenhouse, Ann. Chim. 
Pharm., CXCVIII, 166. 
2 Pflanzenstoffe, p. 412. 
3 Lecocq, Braconnot, Pharmacog. Pflan., p. 693. 
4 Gorup-Besanez. 
5 Siebold and Brodbury, Phar. Jour. Trans., Ill, 590, 1881, 326. 
8 Wagner, Jour. Prakt. Chem., lviii, 352. E. Peters, v. Gohren, Jahresb. 
Agric., viii, 114; ix, 105; v, 58. Am. Jour. Pharm, IV, 49. 
7 Dragendorff, Pharm. Zeitschr. Russ., xvii, 65-97. 
8 Boussingault, Ann. Chim. Phys. II, xxvii, 315. Erdmann, Jour. Pract. 
Chem. lxxi, 198. 
