Explanations of Drawings 
on Opposite Page 
FIG. 1 . The ideal contour of the Shepherd showing the 
alert poise of the head, the good angle of the shoulder, 
straight front limbs with sloping pasterns, with good feet, 
the body with its proper length, deep chest and strong loin, 
hindquarters with the correct angulation and a correctly 
carried tail. 
FIG. 2. Not a very faulty form, but one that just misses 
the standard type, a little too tall for his length, a bit too 
light in bone, that is hidden by his coat, which is too profuse, 
head somewhat weak in substance, shoulders too straight, 
pasterns too straight, rear angulation in hindquarters not 
decided enough, hocks too straight. 
FIG. 3. A poor type, one whose breeding would show 
an indiscriminate mixture of out-crosses, the whole dog 
showing a lack of Shepherd character, plain expressionless 
head, heavy shoulders, too low on the leg and too long in 
body, lack of depth in brisket, long slack loin with a stilty 
croup that weakens the entire quarters, tail too short and 
carried too gaily. 
FIG. 4. Another poor type, one that is the result of 
overzealous in-breeding, head too long and too large with 
ears too large and consequently of a faulty carriage, this type 
of head is usually very much overshot, neck too short, 
shoulders too straight, legs too long with weak short pasterns 
and splay feet, no depth of brisket, body too short and 
usually too flat in rib, loin too short, hindquarters stilty with 
no angulation and a badly formed tail. 
FIG. 5. A type that is a reversion to its early ancestry, 
resembling in its entire contour the allied northern forms 
like the Spitz, the Samoyede, the Eskimo, Norwegian bear 
dog, and the Chow. 
