7% The Shepherd or Police Dog 
withers of the dog until he has assumed the posi¬ 
tion, and during this procedure always repeat the 
word “Down.” The German trainers insist that the 
head must also be down between the paws, prin¬ 
cipally because this enables less difficulty in teach¬ 
ing them the exercise To Crawl. The latter is used 
more or less as a punitive measure, though it is 
problematical whether it has such a great value in 
this respect as some of the trainers assert. In teach¬ 
ing the down exercise it should be accompanied with 
a downward swing of the arm, this will be useful 
in signaling a dog to “Down” at a distance. At no 
time should the dog be permitted to rise voluntarily 
from a “Sit” or “Down” position, but should al¬ 
ways await the command of “Up” from the trainer. 
A well trained dog will hold this position for hours 
if necessary, so during the training the time must 
be gradually increased until the dog will hold it per¬ 
fectly. 
The exercise to give tongue upon command is an 
important one, most dogs will do this readily if 
tempted with meat, some, however, are reticent, but 
the exercise is so important that some means must 
be found to induce him to “Speak” upon command. 
A method of inducing this is to take the dog out 
of the kennel as if to take him for a .walk and then 
suddenly return him to the kennel and walk slowly 
away, his chagrin at being refused his walk will 
excite him and he will usually voice his displeasure, 
and as soon as he does this the trainer must utter 
the command “Speak” and then reward him by tak¬ 
ing him out. A dummy should be used for prelimi- 
