mintics, the contents may be rolled into balls, squeezed to remove tht 
excess water, and carefully picked apart by hand. 
It is, of course, unnecessary to wash and decant in the case of 
the esophagus, since this organ is devoid of a constant content. The 
esophagus may be examined by stretching it between the hands and 
holding it up to the light in order to detect such worms as the gullet 
worms, the latter occurring in horses, cattle, sheep and swine. They 
may be detected under the mucosa of the tongue and pharynx, also, 
in some cases. 
Examination of the Lungs. 
The examination of the lungs for parasites may call for the 
use of both the enterotome and the knife. Cysts, such as those of the 
lung fluke, Paragonimus, may be sought for and investigated with 
the aid of the knife, but the nematodes known as lungworms, much 
commoner parasites, are best sought for with the aid of an enterotome. 
The entertome facilitates slitting the trachea, bronchi and smaller air 
tubes and these should be slit as far as possible, especially where 
the pulmonary pleura shows any evidence of inflamation, as the worms 
are frequently present only in the smaller tubes when present in 
small numbers. 
Occasionally even the trained pathologist will neglect the open¬ 
ing of the smaller air tubes and will search in vain for evidence of 
tuberculosis or other bacterial disease to account for symptoms and 
lesions due to worms which only need to be loked for to be found. 
Some of the smallest lungworms, such as some species from sheep, are 
difficult to detect and it may facilitate the search for these to put 
portions of the lung showing inflammation into water and look closed 
for worms floating out from the tissue. 
Sometimes microscopic examination of stained slides is neces¬ 
sary to demonstrate the small lungworms present. Numerous petechiae 
suggest the presence of larval ascarids or other worms; these petechial 
areas may be examined in press preparations under the microscope to 
determine the presence or absence of these worms. 
The use of two metal frames, connected by screws for pressing 
two heavy glass slides together, facilitates the examination of such 
specimens, but lacking such apparatus two ordinary glass slides may 
be utilized and held together by rubber bands if desired. All lesions 
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