of such treatments are available. Worms pass for two days. Efficacy, 
approximately 100 per cent. 
Santonin has for many years enjoyed the reputation of being the 
best ascaricide known, but critical tests show that in single therapeutic 
dose it is distinctly inferior to chenopodium for removing ascarids from 
dogs and swine. To develop its greatest efficacy it must be given 
in small doses repeated daily, and given in this way it appears to 
exert a cumulative action on the worms and is quite effective, a smaller 
total being more effective than a single dose larger than this total. 
Santonin and calomel, equal amounts, in doses of four to eight grains 
each, are commonly recommended for removing ascarids from swine, 
but chenopodium is better. 
Dosing swine is difficult. If capsules are used, care must be taken 
to avoid placing them in the retropharyngeal recess or the trachea, as 
in either place they will cause serious or fatal results. If the capsules 
are placed only on the back of the tongue, swine usually eject them 
from the mouth sooner or later. It is feasible to use a speculum and 
pass a stomach tube; a horse catheter may be used as such a tube. 
Swine are noisy, dirty, hard to catch and hold, and can bite viciously, 
and these things, as already noted, account in part for the demand for 
“something to put in the feed” to remove worms from swine. How¬ 
ever, experiments indicate that drugs placed in the feed are wasted for 
the most part, the anthelmintic efficacy falling off very seriously or 
being entirely lost. 
Carbon tetrachlorid does not appear to be a very satisfactory 
anthelmintic for use in removing worms from swine. It is fairly 
effective in removing ascarids when given at a dose rate of 0.6 cc. 
per kilo, but this dose is much more bulky than that of chenopodium 
and is less effective. Furthermore, carbon tetrachlorid has a much 
smaller margin of safety for swine than for carnivores and poultry. 
85 
