R.B. BUCHANAN SEED CQ ^ MEMPHIS,TENNESSEE., 
How to Spray the Orchard and Garden 
Remedies for control of insects and diseases, pages 72, 73 and 74. 
Apple Blotch 
These pages are written to help orchardists and gardeners 
raise better fruit, flowers and vegetables. Orchard and garden 
pests are divided into two divisions — insects and diseases. 
Insects are classified as chewing insects and sucking insects. 
CHEWING INSECTS—Have mouth parts that enable them to 
bite off and chew the foliage and fruit. Such insects as the 
potato bug, apple worm and cabbage worm are examples. The 
way to control chewing insects is to poison their food, which is 
the fruit and foliage. 
SUCKING INSECTS—Are so called because they have mouth 
parts that pierce and suck the juices and sap from the leaves, 
fruit and foliage. Included in this class are scale insects, aphis 
or plant lice, red spiders, thrips, etc. These insects are controlled 
by spraying them directly with a material that paralyzes or 
suffocates them. Such products as Black Leaf 40 or Evergreen 
are used. 
Apple Scab 
Too Late for First Codling 
Moth Spray 
SCAB (a fungus disease)—Scab makes its first appearance in 
the cool wet weather in the spring. The spores or germs of Scab 
live through the winter in the dead leaves lying under the trees, 
and are discharged into the air, and the wind carries them to 
the young leaves and blossom stems where they grow and mul¬ 
tiply rapidly. The disease makes its first appearance on the 
underside of the leaves in the form of brownish spots, which 
later become black. It spreads to the upper side of the leaves 
and to the fruit. The disease on the fruit makes brown or black 
spots and later the fruit cracks and falls. See page 67 for control. 
BLOTCH (a fungus disease)—Blotch is found on the fruit, leaves 
and twigs. On the fruit the disease appears as a brown, irreg¬ 
ular edged mass of fibers, beneath the skin of the fruit; on the 
leaves numerous small light gray spots with a single black dot 
in the middle of each spot. On the twigs the disease annears as 
a circular canker on new growth. See page 67 for control. 
SAN JOSE SCALE (a sucking insect)—The most common class 
of insects that attack apples, pear and quince trees are scale 
insects. They attack nearly every kind of tree, including shade 
trees and evergreens. The most distinctive scale insect is the 
San Jose Scale. This insect attacks all parts of the tree, includ¬ 
ing the trunks, branches, leaves and fruit, and usually causes 
bright red spots on the skin of the apples. The branches and 
trunk covered with San Jose Scales have a rough, grayish 
appearance. By scraping these the soft yellowish insects can 
be seen. For scale insects and Blister Mites use a dormant spray, 
after the leaves drop in the fall and before buds swell in the 
spring, and when the temperature is above 40 degrees. Use 
Buchanan’s Oil Emulsion, diluted 2 gallons to 48 gallons of 
water, or concentrated lime sulphur solution, 6 gallons to 44 
gallons of water, or use 15 pounds dry lime sulphur to 50 
gallons of water. See page 72 for prices. 
Apple Scab 
A Fungus Disease 
Young Fruit of Peach Branch on 
Left Ready for the First Spraying 
for Curculio. Branch on Right Too 
Early for Effective Spraying. 
The Time for First Codling 
Moth Spray 
FUNGUS DISEASES—A fungus disease is a condition in a plant 
that may effect fruit, leaves or bark, and is a low form of plant 
life that originates from a minute spore or seed. As the fungus 
spore or seed germinates it pushes its roots into the tissues of the 
plant and causes what is known as a fungus disease. Examples 
of fungus diseases are brown rot on plums, peaches or cherries, 
scab on apples, mildew on roses or grapes, and curl on peaches. 
CODLING MOTH OR APPLE WORM (a chewing insect)—This 
insect hibernates as a pinkish white worm in cocoons under the 
bark of trunk or other protected places. The worm transforms 
itself into a moth, which emerges about blossom time and lays 
eggs on the fruit and foliage. The eggs hatch about 2 or 3 weeks 
after the fall of petals, at which time about 90% of the young 
worms enter the apples at the calyx or blossom end. It is very 
important that the calyx spray is applied at the right time. This 
is between 7 and 10 days before the calyx closes. See page 67 
for control. 
Codling Moth or Apple Worm 
A Chewing Insect 
San Jose Adult Female Scales 
(See pages 72, 73, 74) __ 
BETA-NAPTHOL BANDS FOR BANDING APPLE TREES 
Scale on Shade Trees 
The codling moth (apple worm) in apple orchards has steadily increased in spite of the many improvements in spraying. Beta- 
Napthol bands do not replace spraying, but aid in controlling the apple worm, which we have never properly controlled. The 
bands insure a cleaner crop with the same spray program. Our bands are heavy corrugated paper 125 feet long, 4 inches wide, 
and thoroughly treated with Beta Napthol. Directions for Use: First, remove all rough bark on trunks of trees and larger 
branches; second, place about 18 inches above ground, with corrugation next to tree, fastening snugly with large-headed bill 
posting tacks. Apply in the Memphis area about May 1st. Price, post paid, each, $3.00; at Store, $2.65. 
We do not recommend any spray material or spray program that has not been thoroughly tried by experienced orchardists 
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