Notes 
127 
simple and commonsense explanation of the name ‘Antongil,’ as 
derived from the European corruption of the native name Antanam- 
balana, which flows into the head of the bay. Vide Histoire de la 
Geographic de Madagascar, p. 91, vol. i., 2nd edition. Ghallemboule 
is the name given by Flacourt to what is now known as Fenoarivo. 
Cf. Memoires de Messire Francois Martin, extracts from which are 
given by M. Froidevaux in his brochure, TJn Explorateur inconnu de 
Madagascar, describing Galemboule. 
P. 95. Illustration. Woman and Child of the Antanosy.—From Dr. 
Catat’s work. 
P. 96. Sieur de la Bretesche.—M. de la Bretesche was a Lieutenant 
of Infantry, who had come out in charge of one of the companies in 
the squadron of M. de La Haye, and married the daughter of La 
Case. Three letters of M. de la Bretesche, Major at Fort Dauphin, 
dated 1674-5, are still extant in the Colonial Archives. After the 
death of de Champmargou he was left in command of the French 
colony in Madagascar. On the 9th September 1674 La Bretesche 
spiked the guns, blew up the magazine, and abandoned Fort Dauphin, 
embarking on the Blanc Pigeon for India. Vide Guet, pp. 106 el. seq. 
P. 97. Massacre of Monsieur Estienne, the Missionary Priest.—The 
record of this tragedy is to be found in the pages of Rennefort’s 
Memoires pour servir, chap. xxvi. Carpeau du Saussay gives an 
account as well, with many details, in the Voyage de M. D. V, but 
his dates do not accord with those of Rennefort. 
P. 97. Matatannes not Aborigines of the Island.—Flacourt relates 
the traditional immigration of Arabs to the east coast of Madagascar. 
The Zafiramania, who inhabit the district about Mananjara are in 
possession of a curious stone elephant, now at Ambohisary, a relic 
of this immigration. Vide Antananarivo Annual, vol. i. p. 525. 
P. 99. Anse Dauphine.—‘ Cette Ance depuis Tholanghare jusques 
h Dian Pan Rouge est nommee par les Franqois, ance ou Baye 
Dauphine. 5 —Flacourt, p. 7. Vide Sanson’s map. 
P. 100. Kingdom of Monomotapa or of Prester Jan.—The empire of 
the Mwene Mtapa , to the south of the river Zambezi. See Hist, 
and Descr. of Africa, by Leo Africanus. Benomotapa, an ample 
kingdom, abounding in gold, in Ethiopia, beyond the Cape of Good 
Hope, is described in vol. iii., Hakluyt Ed., p. 985. In fact, Mono¬ 
motapa is not a proper name belonging to any country, of certain or 
mythical limits and latitude, but a word signifying, among an ancient 
tribe of the Zambesi neighbourhood, a paramount chief. Vide TheaPs 
The Portuguese in South Africa, and Livingstone’s Travels, 1857. 
P. 101. The Fort of the English at Saint Helena.—‘ Lesdits directeurs 
doivent toujours faire reconnoistre dans leurs routes les postes des 
isles de Sainte Helene et du Cap de Bonne-Esperance.’— Lettres 
Colbert, iii 2 ., p. 511. ‘On doit facilement presupposer qu’ils [les 
Portugais] scavent l’establissement des Anglois dans ladite isle [Ste. 
Hel&ne], et qu’il y en a deux ou plusieurs de ce nom-H, ou qu’elle 
