94 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
October 7, 1899. 
ton, Hereford, was amoDg the most prominent of the 
nurserymen exhibitors, for his collection of Apples, 
Pears, and some Crabs was a sight which impressed 
itself on all who are used to see everyday fruits. 
Yorkshire Beauty, Gascoyne’s Scarlet Seedling, 
Wealthy, The Queen, Lady Sudeley, Okera, Beauty 
of Kent, Lady Sweet, Swedish Reinette, Lady Wal¬ 
dron, or indeed, any of those we might name, were 
surpassing fine. Duchess of Oldenburg formed a 
brilliant patch of colours. (Silver Knightian Medal.) 
Messrs. John Peed & Sons, Roupell Park Nurseries, 
Norwood Road, S.E., also showed up in brilliant 
form, and the quantity of their stock was not greater 
than the quality of the same. King of the Pippins, 
Tyler's Kernel, Col. Vaughan, Wealthy, Golden 
Noble, Lord Derby, Fearn’s Pippin, Chelmsford 
Wonder, Yorkshire Greening, Bismarck, and others 
were a credit to the show. Pears, in the varieties 
Pitmaston Duchess, Doyenne Bousscch, very fine, 
Beurre Die), and Triomphe de Vienne were large, 
handsome and fragrant. (Silver Knightian Medal.) 
Messrs. J. Laing & Sons, Forest Hill, and Catford, 
Kent, sent a magnificent table of fruit of the high¬ 
est quality in all respectts, bu space and time does 
not allow us to make further mention here. 
Messrs. Gaymer & Sons, of Attleboro, put up a 
conical group of their sample cyder in bottles with 
dishes of cyder Apples between them. 
Messrs. Wm. Paul & Son, Waltham Cross, Herts, 
made a lovely display with cut Roses. Tea, Countess 
Festetics Hamilton, the China variety, Queen Mab, 
the new bedding variety Corallina, a handsome and 
sweet bloomer ; Tea, Empress Alexandra of Russia, 
Marie Van Houtte, together with many fine baskets 
of the climbing varieties, were all shown in strong 
force and good quality, especially for this time of 
the year. Pot Apple trees were banked up behind 
each Rose table, and these also were very fair. 
Questions abd AnsmeRS. 
*,* Will our friends who send us newspapers be so good 
as to mark the paragraphs or articles they wish us to see. 
We shall be greatly obliged bv their so doing. 
[ Correspondents, please note that we cannot undertake to 
name florists' flowers such as Carnations, Pelargoniumc. 
Chrysanthemums, Roses, nor such as are mere garden 
varieties, differing only in the colour of the flower. 
Florists' flowers, as a rule, can only be named by those who 
grow collections of them.] 
Large Chrysalis.— J. E. : The chrysalis you sent 
us is that of the Death’s-head Moth (Acherontia 
Atropos). It is generally rare in this country, though 
widely distributed from Brighton and Truro to 
Edinburgh and Glasgow. You do not say upon 
what plant or plants the caterpillar had fed, which 
would have been interesting information. It usually 
confines itself to Potatos upon the leaves of which it 
feeds; but it has been found on various other sub¬ 
jects belonging to the Potato and other families. It 
occasionally occurs in so great numbers upon the 
Potato as to become a pest locally. It hides by day 
and feeds by night, but even then can be detected, 
especially by moonlight, owing to the yellow colour 
of the caterpillar and its huge size, so that hand¬ 
picking is perfectly practicable and effective. 
Rusticum Yulva herba—In The Gardening 
World, p. 63, I read your letter in reply to 
" Botanist.” The name he mentions is given to a 
plant in Northumberland and Durham, called 
Asperugo ; also called the Madwort.— F. R. Nugee. 
Willows with Coloured Bark.— Omega : Many of 
the British Willows take on a beautiful colour dur¬ 
ing autumn and winter when grown from stools that 
are hard cut back every year, or at intervals of a few 
years. They should also be fully exposed to wind 
and sunshine, not shaded in any way. Two of the 
very best are Salix alba vitellina with golden-yellow 
shoots more or less overlaid with bright crimson and 
other intermediate shades; and S. alba caerulea, 
with dark purple twigs. The first is known as the 
Golden Osier or Golden Willow ; the second is a 
common variety of the White Willow, but has no 
English name in general use. Both take on the best 
colour when hard cut back as above stated. When 
allowed to get old, the Golden Willow is simply yel¬ 
low. Others with coloured bark, when treated in 
the same way, are S. fragilis basfordiana (red), S. 
daphnoides (deep purple), and S. d. acutifolia (deep 
purple). Some varieties of S. purpurea ( he Purple 
Os'er) have purple bark, as well as some of the wild 
varieties of S. Caprea and S. cinerea, but you would 
scarcely be able to get them from the nurserymen. 
The above may be planted round the edge of your 
pond ; but the Siberian Dogwood (Cornus sibirica) 
and the white-fruited Dogwood (Cornusalba) should 
be planted in drier ground away from the water 
edge. Both have dark purple-red stems. 
Daphne Menzereum Losing its Leaves.— M. 
M'Laren : Either rhe peaty soil is at fault, or it is 
badly drained, thus putting the roots into bad con¬ 
dition. We should advise you to plant the bushes 
in well drained, sandy soil, as we think, judging 
from experience, that something more substantial 
than peat is usually necessary to get the plants into 
vigorous growth. We have seen both this deciduous 
species and D. pontica thriving well in your county 
in the friable soil of beds in an old shrubbery. 
Splendid growth was also made by the red and white 
flowered varieties in a light sandy soil in the neigh¬ 
bouring county to the south. It never occurred to 
us that the plant was in any way difficult to grow. 
In beds, fully exposed to the sun, it grows very 
slowly, so that a little shade produced by trees stand¬ 
ing at some distance away, but on the sunny side of 
the plants, would prove beneficial. You might find 
a slightly shaded position in your garden. 
Field Mushrooms.— E. Slade: The specimens sent 
have every appearance of being Champignon or 
Fairy Ring Mushrooms (Marasmius oreades) that 
grow plentifully on lawns and meadows, producing 
the dark coloured rings of grass known as Fairy 
Rings. They reached us as we were going to press, 
so that we had no time to examine them critically. 
Diagrams on Gardening.— Diagram : We cannot 
say whether you would be able to hire diagrams to 
illustrate lectures on gardening subjects, though we 
think it possible. You can certainly buy them, how¬ 
ever. Apply to Mr. Thomas Laurie, Educational 
Publisher, 28, Paternoster Row, London, E.C., who 
keeps diagrams on various horticultural and agricult¬ 
ural topics suitable for illustrating public lectures. 
By asking for his lists of such things and explaining 
what you want, you will no doubt be able to come to 
a satisfactory arrangement. 
Large Bine Fly.— Edwin Ballard : The specimen 
you send is the female of Sirex juvencus or the 
Steel-blue Sirex. She bores holes in the bark of 
Conifers, preferring the Scotch Fir, and lays her 
eggs in the holes made. The grubs that hatch out 
from the eggs have strong jaws and eat their way in¬ 
to the wood of the tree, making holes so large that 
it becomes fit only for firewood. The specimen you 
send has, no doubt, come out of some Scotch Fir or 
other Conifer near by where you caught it. There 
is no means of destroying the grubs in the tree, but by 
cutting down the same and using it as firewood to 
prevent the infestation of other trees. There are, no 
doubt, many grubs still in the tree from which this 
insect came out, and you may detect their presence 
by holes pierced through to the outside of the bark. 
Melon to Name.— Robert Grigor : The specimen 
you sent was a small and imperfectly developed 
fruit of Queen Anne's Pocket Melon (Cucumis Melo 
var.), and was somewhat difficult to recognise owing 
to its being out of character. It is also known as the 
Dudaim Melon, but is not edible, being only fit for 
decorative purposes on account of the beautifully 
marbled rind. 
Names of Plants.—IF. M.: Clematis coccinea, in 
very fine form.— M. M'Laren : Quercus velutina, one 
of the North American Oaks.— A.W.: 1, Solidago 
canadensis ; 2, Aster Amellus ; 3, Helianthus multi- 
florus fl.pl.; 4, Hibiscus syriacus; 5, Cotoneaster 
microphylla.— C. H. : 1, Fittonia argyroneura ; 2, 
Aralia elagantissima ; 3, Schubertia grandiflora ; 4, 
Cestrum aurantiacum; 5, Begonia Corallina ; 6, 
Begonia metallica.— R. M. : 1, Aster cordifolius; 2, 
Aster diffusus horizontalis ; 3, Crocus speciosus; 4, 
Crocus sativus.— W. Davis: 1, Salvia splendens ; 2, 
Salvia azurea; 3, Amaryllis Belladonna; 4, Pteris 
creiica cristata ; 5, Coreopsis tinctoria.— A.R.: 1, 
Rudbeckia speciosa; 2, Cyclamen neapolitanum ; 3, 
Erica vagans ; 4, Daboecia polifolia ; 5, Sedum 
rupestre; 6, Sedum lydium (quite hardy ).—S M. : 
r, Ligustrum ovalifolium aureum ; 2, Cotoneaster 
Simonsii. 
Names of Fruits. —M. M'Laren: Apple Summer 
Thorle, sometimes called Summer Whorle.— Hortus: 
1, Pear Williams’ Bon Chretien ; 2, not known ; 3, 
Apple Sturmer Pippin; 4, Pear Marie Louise d’ 
Uccle. 
Communications Received. —Sutton & Sons.— 
W. Mackenzie.—Secretary R H.S—A. E. S.—G. B. 
—H. C.—A. N.-West.—C. D.—W. J.—T. S. 
Dymond. 
»8» - 
TRADE CATALOGUES RECEIVED. 
W. & J Birkenhead, Fern Nurssries, Sale. Man¬ 
chester. -Ferns and Selaginellas. Special Autumn 
List. 
F. R. Pierson & Co, Tarrytown-on-Hudson, 
New York.—Choke Se’ections in Bulbs for Winter 
Forcing acd Spring Flowering. 
New Roses. 
’"FEN QUITE NEW VARIETIES 
JL first-c’ass Roses are to be sold under the best condition. 
The description will be s-nt on demand.— J. K, Gardening 
World Offices, Clement’s Inn, Strand, London. 
PRIMULAS, CINERARIAS, and CALCEOLARIAS. 
H. CANNELL & SONS 
Have now a very grand 1 ot from their well-known 
best strains in existence. 
Calceolarias and Cinerarias at 2/- per 
doz.; in pots, 3/6. 
Primulas, new star kinds, Lady E. Dyke, Lady 
M. Marsham, Lady Whitehead, and Mrs. R. 
Cannell, at 3/- per doz.; in pets, 4/6. 
Primula The Lady Improved, 2/- per doz ; in 
pots, 3/6. 
Illustrated and Descriptive List of these elegant pyramidal 
decorative Primulas Post Free. 
Our dwarf Sinensis kieds, possessing such colours 
and merits not found in any other collection, also 
supplied at 2/- per doz ; in pots, 3/6. 
SWAN LEY, KENT. 
BORDER CARNATIONS. 
Strong plants of the best varieties for cutting, 3/6 doz , post 
tree. Hyacinths. Tulips, Crocus, aad other Dutch bulbs for 
autumn planting now ready. Fruit trees in variety; fines. 
H P. Roses, Spiraea, Rhododendrons, Azalea mollis- 
Deutzias, Li'acs for forcing, Ferns and table plants in quanti¬ 
ties, Garden Seeds of all kinds, choice Seed Potatos, bedding 
Violas, splendid stock oi J. Grieve Apple, one of the six best 
Apples in cultivation. 
Orders Booked Now. 
Autumn flowering Chrysanthemums a speciality. 
JAS. GRIEVE & SONS, 
Redbraes Nurseries, Broughton Rd„ Edinburgh 
By Special 
Appointment. 
CARNATIONS. 
A GREAT SPECIALITY. 
For Indoors ancl Outdoors. 
Catalogues on Application. 
LAING & MATHER, 
Nurseryman and Seed Merchants, 
Kelso-on-T "w eed. 
GUTBUSH’S 
MILLTRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN. 
Everyone can readily grow Mush¬ 
rooms, and by using this Spawn will 
ensure success. All growers speak 
in the highest possible praise of the 
quality. Numerous testimonials. 
None genuine unless in sealed pack¬ 
ages and printed cultural directions 
enclosed, with our Signature attached. 
Price 6s. per bushel, or is. per cake, 
free per parcels post, 
Wm. CUTBUSH & SON, 
Nurserymen and Seed Merchants. 
Highgate Nurseries, LONDON, N., and Barnet, HERTS. 
CARMICHAEL’S SEEDLING STRAWBERRIES. 
1 Princess of Wales, 2 Queen of Denmark, 
Richard Gilbert, Britannia, Miss Knollys. 
Retail price, 15 /- per 100. All named laid runners. 
C. A. M. Carmichael, 25 plants, 25 /- per 100. 
Duke of Montrose, 25 plants, 25 /- per 100. 
The above two new seedlings are grand distinct 
sorts being a cross between Queen of Denmark and 
Richard Gilbert. As the stock is limited orders will 
be booked and sent out as received. 
SPECIAL QUOTATIONS TO THE TRADE. 
Printed Lists may he obtained by application to 
WILLIAM CARMICHAEL, 
14, Pitt Street, Edinburgh. 
ORCHIDS! ORCHIDS! I 
We always have a choice stock of semi-established 
plants to select from, and are now receiving orders 
for the coming season’s importations. 
J.W. Moore, Ltd ,Orchid Importers, Rawdon, Nr. Leeds. 
UUKiftTe VALLEY 
ALL THE YEAR ROUNDI 
FROZEN CROWNS FOR IMMEDIATE 
FLOWERING. 
LIST and PARTICULARS on application to 
T. JANNOCH, 
Dersingham, King’s Lynn, NORFOLK. 
