October 21, 1899. 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
115 
W Tfhe Most* jotfely 
of all Spring flouJens. 
A few Fine Sorts for Pots or Outdoors. 
EMPEROR, perianth deep primrose, U umpet rich full 
yellow, very large flower,per ioo,25s.; per doz., 
3s. 6 d. 
JOHNSTONI QUEEN OF SPAIN, of a uniform soft 
delicate clear yellow, with gracefully-reflexing 
petals, per ioo, 17s. 6 d. ; per doz., 2s. 6 d. 
BICOLOR GRANDIS, large pure white perianth, 
large full yellow trumpet, late flowering, per too, 
22s. 6 d.; per doz.. 3s. 
BICOLOR J. B. M. CAMM, perianth wh'te, trumpet 
soft pale chrome-yellow, a most beautiful 
variety, per doz.. 36s, ; each, 3s. 6 d. 
PALLIDUS PRASCOX, perianth ard trumpet from 
pale straw colour to white, very e?.rly, per ioo, 
8 s. 6 d.; per doz.. Is 3d. 
INCOMPARABILIS PRINCE TECK, broad, flnely 
formed creamy-white perianth, large yellow 
cup, per ioo, 21s.; per doz., 3s 
INCOMPARABILIS SIR WATKIN, perianth rich 
sulphur, cup yellow, slightly tiDged with 
orange, very large flower, per ioo, 25s.; per 
doz , 3s 6 d. 
BARRII CONSPICUUS, large ye low perianth, 
broad short cup, conspicuously edged bright 
orange-scarlet, a flower of much beauty and re¬ 
finement, per ioo. 158 ; per doz., 2s. 3d. 
BARRII FLORA WILSON, pure white perianth, cup 
deeply stained orange scarlet, a very striking 
flower, per doz , 10 s. 6 d ; evch, Is, 
LEEDSII DUCHESS OF WESTMINSTER, large 
white perianth, long scft canary cup tinged orange 
on first expanding, per doz , 25s.; each, 2s 6 d. 
All Bulbs sent Carriage Paid on receipt of remittance. 
Send for BARR'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE of all 
the most beautiful DAFFODILS, with full particulars of 
Collections lor Amateurs and Exhibitors, FREE ON APPLI¬ 
CATION to 
BARR & SONS, 
12 & 13, King Street, Covent Garden, LONDON. 
_Nurseries— t PNG DITTON . SUR REY. 
PRIMULAS, CINERARIAS, and CALCEOLARIAS. 
H. CANNELL & SONS 
Have now a very grand lot from their well-known 
best strains in existence. 
Calceolarias and Cinerarias at 2 /- per 
doz.; in pots, 3 / 6 . 
Primulas, new star kinds, Lady E. Dyke, Lady 
M. Marsham, Lady Whitehead, and Mrs. R. 
Cannell, at 3/- per doz.; in pots; 4 / 6 . 
Primula The Lady Improved, 2 /- per doz ; in 
pots, 3 / 6 . 
Illustrated and Descriptive List of these elegant pyramidal 
decorative Primulas Post Free. 
Our dwarf Sinensis kinds, possessing such colours 
and merits not found in any other collection, also 
supplied at 2 /- per doz ; in pots, 3 / 6 . 
SWANLEY, KENT. 
CARNATIONS, tic. 
All First - class Grown. 
HEALTHY AND TRUE TO NAME. 
CARNATIONS in six varieties, including Mal- 
maison, Reynolds Hole, Mrs. George Daniels, 
&c., 3/6 doz. 
In 12 varieties, strong layers, 5/6 doz. 
FREESIAS, fine bulbs, 1/9 100. 
NARCISSUS, in 10 good named varieties, in¬ 
cluding Golden Spur, 5 /- 100. 
GLADIOLUS, The Bride, 1/5 100. 
IRIS HISPANICA, mixed, fine, 250 for 2 /-. 
All above sent carriage paid for Cash with Order. 
Vines in pots in all the leading varieties for winter 
planting. 
Dwarf Rose Trees, in I2 varieties, 7 /- doz. 
Fruit Trees, in all varieties, and well grown, at 
low prices. 
A. J. GUIL0ERT, 
Florist, GUERNSEY. 
National Chrysanthemum Society. 
ROYAL AQUARIUM, WESTMINSTER. 
NOVEMBER yth, tth, and gth, 1899. 
Great Show of Ch ysantheniu > s, Fruit & Vegetables. 
MONSlER VASE COMPiTITlOW, Fruit & Vegetables 
IN ST. STEPHEN'S HALL. 
Schedules of P izes rn application to RICHARD DEAN, 
Ran: ugh Koad, Eaiing. VV. Secretary. 
GREAT CHRYSANTHEMUM [SHOW 
AT BELFAST. 
Tue Uls’Pr Hortic lltnr ,1 c ociety will hold th ir Annual 
Showon NOVEMBER 14th and 15 h n^xt, when prizes value 
(53 will be ofteied in open ouipttidon for twenty vases 
Japanese blooms. 
Entries free and close on November yth. Schedules on 
application to— 
J. MacBRIDE, Secre'ary, Victoria Square, Belfast. 
CEVENOAKS AND WEST KENT 
CHRYSANTHEMUM SOCIETY. November 7th and 
8th. Open class for 24 cut blooms, 12 Japs and 12 incurved 
First prize, £5.—Write for schedule to the Secretary, Sidney 
Cooke, Tup's Hill, Sevenoaks. 
BORDER CARNATIONS. 
Strong plants of the best varieties for cutting, 3'6 doz , post 
tree. Hyacinths. Tulips, Crocus, and other Dutch bulbs for 
autumn planting now ready. Fruit trees in variety; fines. 
H P. Roses, Spiraea, Rhododendrons, Azalea mollis 
Deutzias, Li'acs for forcing, Ferns and tabie plants in quanti¬ 
ties, Garden Seeds of all kinds, choice Seed Potatos, bedding 
Violas, splendid stock of J. Grieve Apple, one of the six best 
Apples in cultivation. 
Orders Booked Now. 
Autumn flowering Chrysanthemums a speciality. 
JAS. GRIEVE & SONS, 
Redbraes Nurseries, Broughton Rd„ Edinburgh 
READERS OF ADVERTISEMENTS 
n these pages will greatly oblige and assist us by 
always mentioning 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
“Gardening is the purest of human pleasures, and the greatest 
refreshment to the spirit of man."— Bacon. 
Edited by J. FRASER, F.L.S. 
SATURDAY , OCTOBER 21 st, 1899. 
NEXT WEEK’S ENGAGEMENTS. 
Monday, October 23rd.—Sales of Dutch Bulbs by Mr. ]. C, 
Stevens, and Messrs. Protheroe and Morris. 
Tuesday, October 24th.— R.H.S. meeting at Drill Hall. Sale 
of Du'ch Bulbs by Messrs. Protheroe and Morris. Sale of 
Nursery Stock at Milford, near Godaiming, by Messrs. 
Mellersh (3 days). 
Wednesday, October 25th.—Sales of Dutch Bulbs and Plants 
by Mr. J. C. Stevens, and of Dutch Bulbs by Messrs. 
Protheroe & Morris. 
Thursday, October 26th.—Sales of Dutch Bulbs by Mr. J. C. 
Stevens, and Messrs. Protheroe & Morris. Sale ot Stock 
at Hollamby's Nurseries by Messrs. Protheroe & Morris 
(2 days). 
Fritay, October 27th.—Sales of Dutch Bulbs by Messrs 
Protheroe & Morris. 
J(Tffect of Salt Water on Land. —It 
^ may be remembered that we gave a 
short account of the flooding of low-lying 
land on the coast of Essex by an exception¬ 
ally high tide, which occurred on the 29th 
November, 1897. This, of course, extended 
to the highest reaches of tidal rivers on the 
East Coast of England ; but though the 
extraordinary tide made itself felt even 
above Kew, it did no mateiial damage in 
the upper reaches of the Thames owing to 
the canalisation of the river, for which we 
have to thank our Saxon ancestors, possibly 
also the Romans. A great portion of the 
Essex coast bordering on the sea, and also 
the Thames, was under water for longer or 
shorter periods, owing to the North Sea 
overflowing the banks, and even breaking 
down the sea wall in places where the 
land had teen reclaimed from its influence 
in bjgone times. The total area of Essex 
flooded by salt water was approximately 
29,540 acres, which were under cultivation, 
or lying in pasture. Owing to the difficulty 
attendant upon repairing the breaches of 
the sea walls, many hundreds of acres are 
still overflowed at each succeeding tide. 
The damage done to existing crops was 
very great, independently of the more or 
less permanent injury to the land. Peas 
and tares were killed in nearly every case ; 
and wheat was also killed where it was 
under water for several dajs; pasture 
grasses did not appear to have suffered till 
active growth should have commenced next 
spring, when all the more delicate and use¬ 
ful grasses died off. Only one crop inun¬ 
dated is recorded to have been worth 
harvesting. The North Sea water contains 
27 per cent, of chloride of sodium (common 
salt) and about 0-5 per cent, of other salts 
and sulphates. These salts caused the 
injury to the roots,by producing plasmolys- 
is of the root hairs and finer roots, so that 
they could no longer sustain the plants. In 
order to ascertain the amount of the salt and 
its effect upon the land, samples were taken 
during January, 1898, and subjected to analys¬ 
is. A report has been drawn up by Messrs. 
T. S. Dymond, F.I.C., and F. Hughes, of 
the Technical Laboratories, Chelmsford, 
and the substance of their report was laid 
before the British Association, at Dover, in 
September last. It is satisfactory to note 
that the percentage of salt still in the soil 
was much less for this year than for 1898. 
In the case of Northey Island, however, 
there are at least two exceptions, in one of 
which the soil contained more salt than last 
year. This does not appear tc be explained ; 
but we can understand the second case 
inasmuch as the salt was in the subsoil, 
and gradually being washed below reach o 
the roots of plants in the natural course of 
drainage and washing by rain. In the 
same island a portion of land was flooded 
daily for 12 months till it contained a 
deposit of 1‘054 per cent, of salt in 1898, 
but during the present year this had been 
reduced to 0 626. Nature will, therefore, 
right the matter presently by rain and 
drainage. Apropos of this point, we may 
mention the fact that the salt water killed 
the worms, which lay dead on the surface, 
where they were devoured by gulls. This 
in itself would delay the process of the 
purification of the land by drainage, making 
the matter more serious than it otherwise 
would have been. After a period of nearly 
two years, the report says that young 
worms are again appearing upon the land. 
Where they came from, or how, does not 
seem to have been the object of inquiry, 
though we mooted the re-sowing of the Jand 
with worms soon after the occurrence of 
the salt water flood. The effect of the salt 
upon the condition of the land was just 
what might have been expected. At St. 
Osyth, while the soil was still fairly moist 
it was easily turned over by the plough; 
and being in fact in a soapy condition, the 
plough cut through it as if cutting cheese ; 
but in dry weather it became hard and 
cindery. The soil consisted of a heavy 
clay overlying a subsoil of London clay and 
suffered flooding for a fortnight. Water 
took twice as long to percolate through soil 
impregnated with salt, as it did through 
that which had not been inundated. 
The experiments made to determine 
what, if any, chemical changes had been 
effected in the land overwhelmed with salt 
water, are also interesting. After the 
removal of the salt from the samples under 
