November 25, 1899. 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
199 
The best plants, however, are naturally put into 
the cone at the entrance. Either side of the corridor 
is luxuriously lined with bush plants laden with 
masses of bloom, and extends toward the bank above 
referred. The effect is very fine indeed. The im¬ 
mense masses of colour contrast very imposingly 
with the green suspending creepers dangling in mid 
air from the lofty roof, and the tall Dicksonias, 
Camellias, Acacias, etc., in the distant background; 
as some lady visitors put it, it is a glimpse of a 
veritable fairy land. 
The citizens of Glasgow and the Council owe a 
deep debt of gratitude to the untiring energies of the 
curator and his assistant, for yet again producing a 
display of Chrysanthemums second to no previous 
effort. The resources of those whose duty it is to 
cater to the public taste, ever variable, for ever in- 
reasing in demand, must assuredly be inexhaust¬ 
ible. Mr. Birse, Mr. Dewar's assistant and grower, 
is a man of considerable experience in the growing 
of the popular flower. This year unmistakably has 
won for him additional honours iu his enthusiastic 
avocation.— Gamma. 
Kltcnen Garden calendar. 
We are now nearing the time when it is of the 
utmost importance that a watchful eye be kept on 
Broccoli. In case there might be a sharp frost, have 
material in readiness that protection may be 
afforded with the least possible delay. Broccoli is 
a vegetable that will keep good for a week or so 
at this time of the year if the plants are pulled up 
and hung in a cold shed away from frost; but like 
other vegetables the flavour is never so-good as when 
used as soon as gathered. Therefore, as long as it 
is safe to leave them in the open ground this should 
be done. Where there is a quantity of cold pits 
(and no place ought to be without them), some of the 
most forward plants could be taken up and planted 
close together in these. By doing so it will be pos¬ 
sible to cut fresh heads all through the winter unless 
the frost should be too severe to admit of opening 
the frames. 
Forced Vegetables will now begin to be in 
demand. French Beans up to the present time in 
favoured places along the south coast have been 
gathered from the outside ; but the late frosts will 
have put an end to them now ; therefore, recourse 
must be had to those growing under glass. Afford 
all air possible to such, whenever the weather is 
favourable, that the plants may be kept sturdy. 
Make another sowing, or plant out those that have 
been forwarded in small pots to save time. This 
being the most dull period of the year it will be 
necessary to put in large!: batches to keep up a 
constant supply; and now that some of the fruit 
houses will be started small sowings could be made 
in these, as no harm will be done to the Vines by so 
doing. 
Potatos may now be planted in, heated pits or in 
pots for a first supply ; but this ought not to be done 
at present unless sufficient heat can bs maintained 
to promote a healthy growth till the tubers are 
large enough for use. Unless a free growth be 
made the young Potatos are ill-flavoured. Water 
must be given sparingly, no more being afforded 
than will keep tho soil moist. Other batches should 
be started into growth in shallow trays that time may 
be saved after planting. 
Asparagus will start more readily now that there 
has been a little frost to mature the crowns. It is 
well to have a good stock of roots ready for lifting 
so that batches can be introduced as required. To 
prevent the ground from becoming frozen to such an 
extent as to prevent lifting, the beds ought to be 
covered with litter so as to exclude the frost. As the 
nights are now so cold, the lights over beds in which 
Asparagus is being forced should be covered with 
mats as soon as darkness sets in, but they ought to 
be removed in the morning as early as possible that 
the growth may have all the light possible on these 
short days. 
Frames containing Lettuce, Cauliflower, Endive, 
and the like must be well looked after that the 
plants may be kept as hardy as possible. Do not 
allow any fallen leaves to accumulate, as these will 
help to hold the moisture round the plants. 
Mushroom and forcing houses will now be fully 
occupied. As beds become exhausted in the former, 
these should be cleared out to make room for others, 
manure having been prepared in readiness. It is 
also advisable to get in a good stock of soil, stocking 
it in a dry place before severe weather sets in, as 
nothing is more un-business-like than to have to 
wait for material; and as this cannot be had in 
good condition unless preparation has been made 
beforehand, let such work have early attention. In 
the forcing house, Seakale, Rhubarb, Chicory and 
Endive will each require attention. Be careful not 
to water the two latter or the foliage will damp off. 
If the other is afforded a good watering when put 
in, no more will be required till the crop is ready to 
gather,unless there are signs of the soil becoming too 
dry . — Kitchen Gavdenev. 
* 
The Planting Season.— The present time is the 
most favourable possible for the planting of fruit 
trees. Thousands of trees, shrubs, and plants will 
have been put into their positions already, and 
thousands will yet be planted before this month has 
finished. On light soils we have had just a fine 
supply of rain to penetrate even the deep sub-soil. 
Planting operations can go on as they have been 
doing almost uninterruptedly for some time past, but 
on heavy soils the work has been, during the recent 
wet weather, abandoned. It is worse than anything 
else to put in young trees to soil which is sticky, 
cold it may be, and certainly unsuitable. The 
ideal site and soil, or soil conditions, should have a 
fair share of warmth, the particles ought to be in a 
moist state, and the mechanical conditions of the 
soil such as allows one to work tools cleanly and 
freely. An open station, so long as it does not sub¬ 
ject the tree to too much exposure or checking in¬ 
fluence, should generally be striven for. 
Plums, Pears, Apricots, and Cherries are from 
necessity, or because of surer and better results, 
given on most occasions the shelter of a wall. 
Cherries do well on a west wall. Plums will 
succeed admirably either on south or west walls, 
preferably the latter in the south, where drought 
and heat are more in evidence, but in the colder 
parts of the land, I should prefer a warm sunny 
south wall. In sheltered positions Pears will bear 
good crops continuously either from an east, south, 
or west wall, but here again we would prefer to allow 
them the south side. A plan not often adopted, but 
which has been known to succeed, is the method of 
planting a tree on the south side, and to take a 
branch, or more than one branch, through holes in 
the wall near the basement, and train these over as 
much of the north side as possible, The other 
branches of the tree on the south side can be trained 
to cover the wall there. So thus a gardener who 
wishes to be rigidly economical may go a long way 
in this direction by securing two crops from one 
tree, one early and the other later. 
Morello Cherries generally find their place on 
north walls beside the Black Currants and Rasp¬ 
berries. Apricots and Figs, where the latter are 
attempted in the open, must have the cosiest posi¬ 
tions in the garden. The planting itself should be 
done thoroughly and carefully. Possibly, no gar¬ 
dener in the kingdom really needs any directions in 
this matter; therefore, let me only advise all 
planters to put their knowledge to its strictest use, 
and to avoid any slurring or scamping. It really 
cannot be done with impunity. 
Distances at which to Plant.— A very great 
deal depends upon the manner of the garden to be 
planted, the varieties of the different kinds of trees, 
and the uses of them. We may take the tightly 
packed little garden of 4 acres as a standard from 
which to judge and make comparison. If one has 
ample space at command it would be foolish to com¬ 
press them. Standard or dwarf standard Apples, 
which are meant to be kept pruned, may be planted 
at 20 ft. apart. Bush and pyramidal Apples need 
not be more than 15 ft., and if need be there can be 
Gooseberry bushes between these. 
Espalier trained Apples or Pears will be found to 
stretch out a goodly distance in a year or two, but 
if they do well after having had a year or two’s trial, 
and are becoming somewhat crowded, they may be 
lifted and re-arranged. Pears in the open occupy 
much the same space as do the Apples. Plums are 
not so often planted in the open, but, perhaps, a yard 
more may be given to them, seeing that they make 
shoots so very strongly and rapidly. 
Varieties. —One generally likes to give a list of 
typically good varieties of fruits, but while this may 
be done, the caution must be given not to depend 
altogether upon lists, especially as coming from 
writers who practise in a certain part and forget 
that oiher varieties are more successful in localities 
away from their own. The following are found in 
perfection over a large area in the south :—Golden 
Noble, Peasgood's Nonsuch, Wealthy, Allington 
Pippin, Cox’s Orange, Lady Sudeley, Bramley's 
Seedling, Warner’s King, Red Winter Reinette, and 
Lane’s Prince Albert, which are serviceable either as 
dessert or culinary Apples. Pears that are reliable 
and far-famed may include Louise Bonne of Jer¬ 
sey, Doyenne da Comice, Marie Louise ( warm soils), 
Easter Beurre, William’s Bon Chretien, Pitmaston 
Duchess, which are all juicy and splendid eaters. 
Catillac, Souvenir du Congres, and Vicar of Wink- 
field are good for stewing. For a long keeping 
variety, the Josephine de Malines Pear may be men¬ 
tioned. 
Moor park, Grosse Peche, and Powell’s Late are 
all first-rate Apricots. Of Plums, we may 
enumerate Magnum Bonum, Victoria, Kirk's, 
Denniston’s Superb, Coe's Golden Drop, Cox’s 
Emperor, and Pond's Seedling. As a rule, it is best 
to allow all trees a fair amount of annual extension, 
otherwise they become decrepit and perverted. — 
J. H. D. 
———-—- 
#l6attin0g ftrain flic Duvlb 
of Sriencq. 
At a meeting of the Scientific Committee of the 
Royal Horticultural Society on the 7thinst., the un¬ 
dermentioned subjects were discussed :— 
Effects of Fog —Mr. Wright sent some Vine 
leaves from Chiswick to show the injurious effects of 
the recent fogs in the gardens of the Royal Horti¬ 
cultural Society. All the Muscat class of Grapes 
were most injured, the foliage being all scorched and 
the fruit more or less covered with a deposit. It was 
observed that the fog was remarkably early in the 
season. Prof. Church noticed that it was peculiarly 
pungent, causing a hundred buds of a Camellia to fall 
in a single day. Injury was also done to Orchids in 
Chelsea and Gunnersbury. The real cause of the 
injury is the presence of sulphurous acid gas, as well 
as the mechanical accumulation of sooty matters. 
Amaryllis reversion—Rev. W. Wilks brought 
an Amaryllis, the flowers apparently having more or 
less reverted to the primitive form of Hippeastrum, 
from which the modern types were descended 
through hybridisation. 
Foxglove, Hybrid.—A flowering spike of a 
hybrid between a white-flowered Foxglove and 
Digitalis lutea was sent by Mr. Wilson, of St. 
Andrews. It was remarkable in haviog much smaller 
flowers than those of the usual form of D. purpurea 
x D. lutea; and though possessing perfect pistils, 
there were no stamens. Moreover, the flowers 
were white, but slightly virescent. The white Fox¬ 
glove was the pollen parent. 
French Vineyards Injured.—Dr. Masters ob¬ 
served that having lately seen the vineyards of the 
champagne country, also those near Neuchatel and 
Geneva, he did not observe a single perfect bunch of 
Grapes. They appeared to have rotted early in the 
spring, through frosts prevailing at the time fertilisa¬ 
tion was taking place. 
Pinus aristata.—Ha also exhibited cones of 
this rare Californian Pine. They are remarkable 
for bearing a needle-like spine at the back of the 
thickened end of scales, the so-called hypophysis. 
It was a question whether this be not a variety of 
P. balfouriana, which grows iu the same country and 
only differs in the absence of the spine. It is a good 
maritime species, bearing dense foliage. They were 
received from Mr. Croucher, of Crief. 
Pelorian Mentha.—Rev. Geo.Henslow showed a 
drawing of a regular flower of Mentha rotundifolia, 
found wild by the river Wye, near Ross. 
Symphoricai'pus racemosus.—This is the botanical 
name of the Snowberry tree. It is a capital plant 
or shrub for game covert, and does fairly well 
beneath the shade of trees. 
