288 
December 9, 1899. 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
Epping Forest. The sudden and unexpected charac¬ 
ter of his death may be gleaned from the fact that 
he was selling on Wednesday and Thursday, the 
29th and 30th ult., at Booking Place, Braintree, 
Estex, the collection of Orchids, &c., left by the late 
Sydney Courtauld, Esq. He was in the sale rooms 
at Cheapside on Friday, but, not feeling well, he was 
relieved of his duties in the rostrum by the younger 
members of the horticultural staff. Atthesime 
time he set about clearing up some correspondence 
as he was intending to go to Matlock, Derby, for a 
month. 
Mr. W. H Pro'.heroe was the head of the Horti¬ 
cultural Department of the firm, and the second of 
the two senior partners. He was born in 1846, at 
Leylonstone, being the only son of the late ALxander 
Prolheroe, who, in conjunction with Mr. Thomas 
Morris, also deceased, commenced business as horti¬ 
cultural auctioneers and nuserymen at Highbury, 
London, about the year 1S30. Mr. W. H Protheroe, 
during the early part of his life, was educated privat¬ 
ely, but at the age of six teen was sent to the Govern¬ 
ment Horticultural College, Ghent, Belgium, to 
complete his education. The tuition he received 
there fitted him for the duties he afterwards had to 
perform at Cheapside, and elsewhere all over Britain, 
when called upon to conduct the sales of private 
establishments, &c. 
After studying for three years at Ghent, he re¬ 
turned to his country armed with his diploma and 
the highest honours the college could bestow. At 
the age of twenty he became connected in business 
with his father, and on the retirement of that gentle¬ 
man in the beginning of 1873. after thirty-eight years 
of active service, he took his father's position in the 
business. He has thus been connected with the 
business of the firm for the past thirty-three years. 
So frequently are the names of Messrs. Protheroe 
& Morris associated with Cheapside, that one is apt 
to imagine they have always been there. The fact 
is the founders of the firm commenced at Highbury 
in 1830. A forward movement was made in 1840 
when the firm acquired the American Nurseries at 
Leytonstone. For forty-one years these nurseries 
held a very prominent position, but they were dis¬ 
mantled in 1885 to make room for the residential 
needs of the rapidly growing village of Leytonstone, 
on the borders of Epping Forest. The sale of land 
in plots at that and other places in the suburbs of 
London, as well as at the seaside, became the princi¬ 
pal features of the business. 
Between 1873 and 1883 the business of the firm 
increased by leaps and bounds, so that it was neces¬ 
sary to acquire extensive premises for the sale of 
bulbs, Orchids, and other horticultural produce. The 
premises at 67 and 68 Cheapside, were, therefore, 
acquired in the latter year. The business was split 
up into departments, and the Horticultural Depart¬ 
ment, which had occupied the foremost position 
from the inception of the business was taken in , 
charge by Mr. W. H. Protheroe, assisted by Mr. 
Harold George Morris, F.S.I., and Mr. T. A. Morris, 
F.S.L, two of the younger partners of the firm. 
The estate agency department is in the hands of Mr. 
George Field Morris, F.S.L, the first of the senior 
partners, and Mr. James Benjamin Slade. During 
the autumn months, however, when horticultural 
sales sometimes number twenty per week, Mr. Slade 
has to assist his overworked colleagues at Cheapside. 
Mr. Protheroe leaves a widow and a family of 
three sons and two daughters. One of the sons, Mr. 
A. E. Protheroe, is in the business of the firm at 
Cheapside. The funeral took place at Ilford 
Cemetery, on Thursday, the 7th inst., at 12 noon. 
- - — - 
Quescions add abssjsrs, 
%* Will our friends who send us newspapers he so gocd 
as to mark the paragraphs or articles they wish us to see. 
We shall be greatly obliged bv their so doing. 
Why do net all Roots throw up Stems?— S. J.\ 
In speakiDg of the development of adventitious buds, 
it is more easy to cite samples of plants which may 
develop them on either the roots, stems or leaves, 
than to say why ether plants will not or do not 
behave in that way. That they can do so in certain 
cases merely indicates the relative independence of 
certain parts of plants when separated from the main 
body. I; also indicates the latent energy, or in other 
■words, the store of elaborated foed ma'erial laid up 
in the parts which produce the adventitious buds 
Therefore when such parts are removed from the 
mother plant the store of reserve material mo-t find 
vent lor its vegetative energy, and forms adventitious 
buds Instances of this kind are most common on 
plants ot a succulent nature, though not invariably 
confined to them. Annuals would not throw up 
adventitious buds from the root, because they store 
no reserve material. Biennials do not as a rule 
develop adventitious buds from their tap roots. It 
may be stated that they are unable to do so ; bat 
why? is a question that has not been satisfactorily 
solved. We have seen Potatos apparently making 
a futile endeavour to form adventitious buds on the 
tubers when the eyes had been destroyed. We 
regard the Potato as a perennial, but if it were not 
for the tuber, which resembles a biennial in its 
behaviour, it would be merely an annual. Adventi¬ 
tious buds are generally confined to perennial plants, 
whether woody, succu'ent or herbaceous. 
Fruit Tree Planting Again t a West Wall,— 
IF. H., M. : Ws a r e not at all certain as to whether 
you mean an east or a west aspect wall, that is, 
whether it faces the east or the west. If it is merely 
a wall on the vest side of your garden then it laces 
the east. The chief difference between the two is 
that a west aspect wall does not get much, if any, 
direct sunshine till noon, so that the sun cannot 
harm the blossom of the trees in the case of late 
frosts in spring, while on the other hand a wall that 
faces the east gets the morning sun to ihe injnry of 
the blossom on frosty mornings. If ihe wait faces 
the west then you could plant Pears, Plums, or 
Cherries against it, as they flower early in spring, 
but would be sheltered from direct sun on irosty 
mornings, so that the blossom would gat thaved 
gradually by the rise of the temperature before 
noun. Apricots might also be planted if the soil is 
suitable and the garden fairly sheltered. Peaches, if 
they ripen at all in your district, would require a 
wall facing the sun at noon. App'e trees would be 
the most suitable to plant on a wall facing the rising 
sud, as they flo ver late in spring, when frosty morn¬ 
ings of any severity are more rare. 
Wiring Fruit Walls— W. H., M.: We would 
approve of them provided they are properly and sub¬ 
stantially put up, and kept properly painted. Gal¬ 
vanised wire is that usually employed to avoid the 
rusting of the same; but if it is used in the ordinary 
naked form, the two metals set up electric currents 
that are highly injurious to the shoots of trees that 
lie against them. That part of the shoots lying 
against the wires gradually assumes a brown appear¬ 
ance as if burnt, and if the evil proceeds far enough, 
the shoots either get killed outright above the injury, 
or they get snapped off by the wind at the injured 
part. To avoid all this, the wires must receive a 
double coat of white paint as soon as they are fixed 
up, and 10 be kept in proper repair afterwards. If so 
treated they will prove useful, and save a lot of work 
in nailing, as well save injury t) the walls. They 
must, however, be placed as close to the walls as 
possible, in order that the trees may get the benefit 
of the heat radiated from the stone; or bricks. 
Grasses for Drying— J. R.'. Briza maxima, B. 
minor, Maned Barley (Hordeum jubatum), Agrostis 
nebulosa, and Eragrostis pulchella, are all annuals 
of great beauty, which would be worth your while 
to get in the first place. You might also add 
Lamarckia aurea and Phalaris canariensis (Canary 
Grass) for the sake of variety. Amongst biennials 
Bromus brizaeformis is a heavy-headed grass of con¬ 
siderable beauty, and would flower freely the second 
year from the seed. Several of the perennials are 
of considerable beauty, but they require longer time 
1 o come into bearing, and require more patience, as 
well as space to flower them well. Siipa pinnata 
might be reared and planted in clumps in herbaceous 
borders. The Pampas Grass (Gynerium argenteum) 
and Arundo conspicua are large grasses that look 
best in large beds or in isolated clumps upon the 
grass. You would be able to get young plants. 
Seedlings would require longer time to come into 
blcom. Their plumes are very handsome. The Oat 
Grass (UDiola latifolia) is another handsome 
perennial. 
Fruit Trees near towns.— W,H.,M. : Fruit trees 
can be grown with fair success near large town', for 
they thrive and oiten furnish good crops in the 
suburbs of London, which is smoky and foggy 
enough in winter at least. Success depends greatly 
upon whether the garden to be planted is fairly 
exposed to light, and a free circulation of air. Both 
these needs are essential—sunlight to ripen the fruit 
and wood,and air to keep the trees free from fungoid 
and insect pests. Both these kinds of enemies thrive 
too much in too close and sheltered areas to get 
healthy trees or satisfactory crops of fruit. It will 
be for you to judge whether the conditions as to light 
and air are satisfactory, and that your garden is not 
too near chemical manufactories or other similar 
nuisances. 
Names of Fruits.— J .Gates Hardham : 1, Hormeai 
Pearmain; 2, Brabant Bellefleur; 3, Blenheim 
Orange; 4, decayed; 5, net known; 6, Adam's 
Pearmain.— E. IF. M. : The Apple appears to be 
New or Winter HawthorndeD, but the specimen sent 
was small. 
Names of Plants — T. M.: 1, Oncidium Forbesii, 
2, Oncidium amphatum majus ; 3, Odontoglossum 
crispum guttatum var.— R. M. : 1, Cassinia fulvida ! 
2, Azara microphylla; 3, Hamamelis virginica; 4, 
Berberis Wallichi.— A. C. : 1, Peristrophe speciosa; 
2, Libonia floribunda; 3, Reidia or Phyllanthus 
glaucescens; 4, Antennaria margaritacea is the 
usual garden name; 5, Selaginella Braunii; 6, 
Mttrosideros floribunda.— J. F. : 1, Lamium album ; 
2, Symphoricarpus racemosus; 3, Cratregus Pyra- 
cantha.— Botan : It is a variety of the Portugal 
Laurel from the Azores, namely, Prunus lusitanica 
azorica. 
Communications Received. — Geo. Russell.— 
James Dobbie.—C. Mullins.—Jas. Moir.—A. E. S.—- 
R. W.—A. F. B.—A. McDonald.—R. Greig,—T. B. 
—A. L.—D. C.—W. S. 
TRADE CATALOGUE RECEIVED. 
William Colchester, Ipswich.—Bone, Blood, and 
Chemical Manures, &c. 
Obituary. 
N NOVEMBER 28 th, at 2, Thanet 
Villa?, Hanworih Road, Hounslow. STEPHEN 
SPOONER, of the Hounslow Nurseries, aged 36. 
ANCIENT SOCIETY OF YORK FLORISTS. 
The twentieth annual show of : his soci'-ty was held on the 
15th November in the Exhibition at York. The new secre¬ 
tary. Mr. George F. W. Oman, A.S A.A., is to be congratu¬ 
lated on this, tii; first show. There was brisk competition 
in Cla s I. for grouts, in which was the Lord Mayor and 
City Sheriffs Cup, valued £15 15s., and a sum of £8 8s. by the 
so'iety, as first prize. This was secured by Mrs. Whitaker, 
Cliff Ho-se, Hessle (gardener, Mr. G. Jarvis). The group 
bad a tall background of foliage plants pic ed out whh giant 
Chrysan hemums. Mr. Couaci lor G. Cottam, of Crttiugham, 
Hull, was a rood s^ccnd; Mrs. G. Pease (gar'ener, Mr. J. 
McIntyre), Woodside, Darlingto"’, third; and Mr. J. Key, 
t lifton Nursery, York, fourth. For a gcouo for effect and 
cultural excellence of Chrysanthemums, Mr. J. Pettinger, 
Strawberry Dale Nursery, Harrog tte, took the lead. Mr. J. 
W. Hields, of Acomb, an amateur, was second. In the cut 
flower class s, the Citizens Challenge Prize, value £20 and 
£to in money, for thirty-six Chrysanthemums (eighteen in¬ 
curved and eighteen Japanese), was s cured by Mr. J. P. 
Leadbelter, gardener to A Wilson, Esq., M.F.H., Tranby 
Croft, Hessle, owing to the disqualification of Mr. H. Hotham, 
gardener to Mrs. ]. E. Wade, Brantioghamthorpe. Second, 
Sir J. Walk r, Bart, (gardener, Mr. J. Folkard), Sand Hutten, 
York. Third, Alderman Harding, f.P. (gardener, Mr. J. 
Coultas), Hollyh’.rst, Darlington. Fourth, Mr. E. Woods, 
gardener to MissC. Rawsoa.Mill House,Halifax. For eighteen 
Japanese, distinct, the first prize and the Ryecroft Silver Gilt 
Medal, the gift of Mr. H. J. Jones, Ryeccof: Nurseries, the 
Earl ot Faversham (ga-dener, Mr. D. Williams), Duncomb 
Park, Helmsley, was first with magnificent blooms. Sir J. 
Walker was second; Captain C. Dnncombe, third; and Mr. J. 
D. Hulchinson, Kirby Moorslde, fourth. The execut.ve 
made admirable arrangements lor the la lies'section. There 
were several entries for the dessert table, and some exquisite 
con'ections in floral art. Mrs. Gutch (gardener, Mr. E. 
Everard), Holgate Lodge, York., was first. In the first 
classes for six bunches of Grapes, Lo d Hotham was first 
with fine samples of Muscat of Alexandria, Mrs. Pince, and 
Alicante. Messrs. Backhouse & Son, Ltd., Y'ork., gave 
the first prize for a collection of fruil, and this was won by Sir 
J. W. Pease. 
Trade exhibits were excellent, but not numerous. Messrs. 
Isaac House & Son exhibited Violets. Messrs. Valshaw & 
Son, Scarborough, showed L'ly of tha Valley, Lilium Harrisii, 
and Poinsettias. Mr. John Forbes, Hawick, N.B., received a 
F’irst-cLss Certificate for bis new B.-gonia, Caledonia. 
Messrs. Wm. Clibran & Son, Altrincham and Manchester,had 
a comprehensive exhibit of new varieties of Chrysanthemums, 
foliage pla us, &c. The firm was ably represented by Mr. F. 
C. Edwards, the author of “Cyclamen and how to grow 
them." 
The a mount awarded in prizes was :— 
£ s. d. 
Cash . 245 8 6 
Plate . 50 18 c 
Two Challenge Vases and three Medals ... 30 0 o 
£506 6 6 
Total for 1898.£232 4 6 
Thareceipts at door were £325 6s. 3d., being £:i 15s. 9d. in 
excess of prev.ous records. 
73; members have this year paid subscriptions o, 5/- and up¬ 
wards Total, £184 17s. td„ being £10 5s. 6d. in excess of pre¬ 
vious years. A subscription of 5/-entitles a member to one 
pass and two complimentary tickets—hence these and 104 
Exhibitors, with sundry passes and receipts at door made a 
splendid crowd. There was a very dense fog at York on the 
Friday. Carts, &c., stopped running, or undoubtedly the 
receipts would have been larger. 
RICHARDSON’S 
HORTICULTURAL BUILDIKG8, 
Conservatories, Greenhouses, Vineries, Peach 
Houses, Stove and Orchid Houses, &c., Heating 
Apparatus for Glass Houses, Dwelling Houses, and 
Public Buildings. 
Quality of work unsurpassed. Lowest prices 
possible. 
W. RICHARDSON & Co., 
DARLINGTON. 
Catalogue Free. 
