286 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
December 30, 1899. 
the wonderful secrets of Nature are being plucked 
from her with such toil and difficulty ; glass for the 
dainty lady’s toilet, for the rough-armed workman's 
shop, for the philosopher's quite study, and for the 
experimenter’s hard-wrung successes; glass for the 
palace, and glass for the cottage; glass everywhere 
in this crowding busy life of ours, which, without 
glass, would have very little order or organisation in 
it. How men got on without spectacles, when spec¬ 
tacles were no*, passes our understanding ! Then 
fancy oiled paper in place of these large crystal 
plates which lend a veritable lustre to the landscape 
It would be impossible to enumerate all the 
blessings of glass. Our religious rites, our state 
ceremonies, our balls and our fetes, our health, the 
blessed healing in our hospitals, the adornment of 
our homes, the lamps in our streets, and the beacon 
on the rocks — all are connected more or less with 
these varied blessings of glass, withe ut which we 
should be thrown back to the most miserable barren¬ 
ness and disorder.” 
NEW METHOD OF TREATING CRYPTO- 
GAMIC DISEASES OF THE VINE 
AND OTHER PLANTS. 
According to the Revue des Produits Cliimiques, of 
November 15th, Dr. Repin has invented a new 
method for treatment of cryptogamic diseases of the 
Vine and other plants. Instead of sulphate of 
copper the inventor employs fluorine compounds of 
zinc, such as fluoride of zinc, fluosilicate of zinc, as 
also the double fluorides and fluosilicates of zinc. 
The mode of application is absolutely the same as 
with sulphate of copper, and according to experi¬ 
ments results are much more satisfactory. 
Fluoride or fluosilicate of zinc or mixture of these 
two salts can be obtained in several ways. (1). The 
attack of the apatites for the manufacture of super¬ 
phosphates disengages large quantities of hydro¬ 
fluoric acid and fluosilicic acid, which at the 
present day are not in any way utilised. By causing 
these gases to act, in an aqueous solution, on metal¬ 
lic zinc, or even carbonate of zinc, or even roasted 
blende brought to the state of an oxide, you can pre¬ 
pare a mixture in variable proportions of fluoride 
nd fluosilicate of zinc very suitable for treatment of 
cryptogamic diseases. (2). You can also directly 
utilise fluor-spar, numerous deposits of which exist 
in the Sou h of France, Italy, and Spain. 
Fluor-spar is decomposed at the temperature of 
red heat by water steam into calcium oxide and HF, 
which is partially transformed intosilicium fluoride, 
then fluosilicic acid, according to the greater or less 
percentage of silica in the fluorine. 
Another process consists in heating in a retort a 
close mixture of pulverised fluor-spar and bydre- 
chlorate of ammonia, which will produce ammonium 
fluoride. By bringing ammonium fluoride in the 
natural state, or in a hot solution, into action with 
zinc sulphate cr chloride you obtain zinc fluoride and 
y ou regenerate the ammoniacal salt. 
-«•••- 
QUeSOOQS MD ADHDGFS. 
*,* Will our friends who send us newspapers be so good 
as to mark the paragraphs or articles they wish us to see. 
We shall be greatly obliged bv their so doing. 
[ Correspondents , please note that we cannot undertake to 
name florists' flowers such as Carnations, Pelargonium :, 
Chrysanthemums, Roses, nor such as are mere garden 
varietus, differing only in the colour of the flower. 
Florists' flowers, as a rule, can only be named by those uho 
grow collections of them.] 
Rust on Mint —RTF H. : We are familiar with 
the fungoid disease, cr rust, which you send. It is 
the Uredo labiatarum, and, as far as we know, is 
confined to Mint, which it someiimes injures very 
badly. The rust of Chrysanthemums is Puccinia 
Hieracii, evidently first found upon a Hieracium 
btlongiDg to the order Compositae, and, of course, 
attacking other members of the same family, such as 
the Chrysanthemum. We have seen the rust of 
Mint destroying the latter, or at least living upon it 
for years in the same garden with Chrysanthemums, 
yet we have never seen a spot of rust upon the 
latter all that time. They are as clean and healthy 
as ever, yet the rust is still upon the Mint. You 
can keep yourself easy up^n this score then, as far as 
the Chrysanthemums are concerned. The rust in 
ihe two cases belongs to the same family, and that 
■would account for their similar appearance. The 
rusts are merely stages of the fungus which 
ultimately develops another form upon the same or 
another plant, then known as Puccinia You need 
net fear that the rust of Mint will a -ack any othe 
* 
garden 'crop. To get rid of it on the Mint you 
should take cuttings of clean tops of the growing 
shoots in summer and root them in boxes in a cold 
frame. Then prepare a bed for the youDg plants in 
a different part of the garden from the old bed, 
destroying the latter as soon as the cuttings are 
rooted. Plant out the rooted cuttings, and, if any 
of them show signs of containing the fungus, have 
them destroyed. It may be necessary to get fresh 
stock from a garden where there is do Mint rust. 
Onions Frozen— A. J. B. : No Inrm will result 
if you leave them undisturbed while they are in a 
frozen condition. On the other hand, if you move 
thf m about while frozen, many of them will get more 
cr less bruised, and when the frost does get out of 
them decay will set in. All they want is to be kept 
in a dry place. B/ covering them up with a l.ttle 
dry straw, or some mats it would ensure the thaw¬ 
ing being more gradual. As soon as this has taken 
place the covering should be removed, so as to let 
6HRDENIN6 B00KJS. 
THE CARNATION : ITS HISTORY, PROPERTIES 
AND MANAGEMENT ; with a descriptive list of 
the best varieties in cultivation. By E. S. Dodwell 
Third edition, with supplementary chapter on the 
yellow ground. Price, is. 6 d. ; post free. is. 7 d. 
OFFICIAL CATALOGUE OF THE NATIONAL 
DAHLIA SOCIETY; with selected lists of the 
best varieties of Dahlias of each type ; al=o alpha¬ 
betical list of all sections now in general cultiva¬ 
tion, together with the names of raisers and dates 
of introduction. Price, is.; post free, is. id. 
“GARDENING WORLD” VOLUMES, I. to XY. 
Handsomely bound in Cloth. The set, complete. 
£1 7s. 6d. Separate Yolumes, 6 6 each 
PUBLISIIF.R. 5 &■ 6. Clement's Inn, Strand W C. 
any moisture escape. 
Slugs on the Gravelled Benches— A. C.\ A 
good plan would be to wash the gravel, so as to get 
rid of the earthy matter and other filth including 
eggs, it may be, which would hatch out in due time 
and renew the evil. The gravel might then be 
fuither cleaned bv putting it throigh a J-in. sieve, to 
as to get rid of all the fine matter. Wash down the 
benches, scrubbing them thoroughly, and then cover 
them with the clean gravel. You should not have 
much bother with the slugs for seme time to come. 
If they should make themselves troublesome agaiD, 
you might scatter some salt over the gravel, and this 
melting with the watering, would make it very un¬ 
comfortable for the slugs. Another remedy would 
he to put some quicklime into a tub and let it stand 
for some hours, after which the clear liquid should 
be dipped out and used for watering the gravel by 
means of a fine rosed watering pot. 
Evergreen Climbers for a Porch.— A L. : Two 
very handsome ones, because they carry their berries 
for the greater part of winter, are Cotoneaster 
Simonsi and Crataegus Pyracantha. Of the latter, 
the variety C P. Lelandi might be preferred because 
it fruits more freely, even while yet in a small state. 
The Cotoneaster is liable to lese its leaves when 
situated near ur in smoky towns. Cotoneaster 
microphylla is of much denser habit than the latter 
species, and forms a very beautiful climber, but the 
berries are much less conspicuous. The green stems 
of Jasminum officinale soon make a fairly good 
covering, and make a most graceful fringe for the 
top of the doorway in summer, producing a grateful 
shade. If you would like a large-leaved shrub for the 
sides of the porch, you might plant Magnolia 
grandtflora. 
Standard Pelargoniums. — W. E. F.: If the 
varieties \ ou wish to form into standards are of fairly 
strong growth. All you need do is to grow them 
strongly, by occasional shifts into larger pots, by 
feeding with weak liquid manure later on as the 
pots get filled with roots and the day is lengthening. 
Any side shoots that may be developed should be 
pinched, merely removing the tops at first This 
will encourage the thickening of the main stem, 
owiDg to the presence of extra leaves on these side 
shoots, that may by and bye be entirely removed. 
Names of Plants —T. M. : 1, Cotoneaster micro- 
phvba ; 2, Hamamelis arborea ; 3, Magnolia fuscata. 
— W M.: 1, Peristiophe speciosa; 2, Fittonia 
argyroncura; 3, Ophicpogon Jaburan variegatus ; 4, 
Oplismenus BurmanDi \ariegatus (usually called 
Panicum variegatum in gardens) ; 5, Libonia perrbo- 
siensis ; 6, Pbyllanthus speciosus.— IF.: 1, Prunus 
lusitanica ; 2, Prunus Laurccerasus colcbicus; 3, 
Ilex Aquilolium ferox argentea; 4, Cupressus nut- 
kaensis. — H. J.\ J, Dendrobium a'.roviolzceum ; 2, 
Cypripedium Hartwegi ; 2, Cypnpedium bellatu- 
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