350 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
January 27, 1900. 
tion of its enemies or supposed enemies. You 
should, therefore, carefully avoid shooting or killing 
this bird wherever and whenever possible. 
Levelling and Draining a Crouquet Ground — 
XV. Th os. : It would almost certainly be necessary to 
put in one drain at least to carry off the superfluous 
rain water which cannot do otherwise than run from 
the high to the low ground when you alter the level. 
The usual method to pursue, or that is frequently 
accomplished,is to run a drain right round the croquet 
ground, at the base of the banks, which should 
either be sloped, or a retaining wall of bricks built, 
so that the bank might be perpendicular. A grassy 
slope would look better; but whether this can be 
accomplished depends upon the depth of the cutting 
in making the ground level. Sometimes the drain 
is left open and an iron grating placed over it. On 
the other hand you could fill the drain with fine 
gravel, which would be less expensive If the soil 
is naturally wet it might be necessary to run one or 
two shallow drains through it, so as to carry off 
surface water, and prevent the growth of moss 
Make sure there is plenty of fall for the water to get 
away. 
Shoot of Rose Killed. — Omega : There is no 
decided evidence about the specimen which would 
point to frost as the agency that killed it. On the 
contrary we believe it was dead and in the process 
of being dried up before the advent of frost. At the 
lowermost joint was a wound of the nature of canker, 
the bark being red and otherwise discoloured, and 
quite dead, the wound extending almost entirely 
round the shoot. The leaf at the joint would appear 
to have been forcibly torn off during the growing 
period, as well as the small shoot in its axil. The 
spores of the fungus must have found entrance there, 
causing the shoot above the wound to die. 
Cucumbers Collapsing. -Canny : The roots you 
sent are affected wiih eel worms, otherwise known 
as nematoid worms. They are to be found in the 
nodules or tubercles upon the roots ; and wherever 
you find unnatural swelliDgs you may be sure they 
are present. They get introduced to Cucumber and 
Melon beds in the soil used, possibly also in the 
water, the former being the most likely source of 
infection. At the same time they are also affected 
very badly with a fungus, a species of Glaeosporium 
similar to that which infests the fruits of Grapes, 
Peaches, &c. The spores on a stalk vary in number 
in the same way as the Glaeosporium laeticolor of 
Peaches, but they are longer and more inclined to be 
linear. Bo h the eelworms and thefuDgus live within 
the nodules, on the Cucumber roots, so that it is im¬ 
possible to cure the plants, once they are infested, 
without also killing the plants. The naked eye can¬ 
not see either of these enemies, though present in 
great numbers, and that is the reason for 
their being so destructive. The only remedy 
is to clear out the Cucumbers and burn 
them. The soil should also be charred or taken 
to a distance from the garden, and deposited 
where it is not likely that soil will be taken for any 
purpose in the garden. Sweep down the walls and 
benches of the pit, removing all the rubbish. Then 
give the walls and benches a good washing down 
with a strong dose of paraffin and water to kill any 
of the pests that may still be present. Get fresh 
soil from a different source for making up the beds 
again. The fresh soil might be thoroughly baked on 
the top of a flue or boiler to kill any eelworms that 
might possibly be present. All this causes a deal of 
labour, but the above enemies are very insidious and 
destructive pests that must be treated with drastic 
measures. 
Kinds of Celery in Cultivation. — Scientific 
Gardener : We are not quite sure what your question 
fully implies. If you mean species of Celery, then 
only one is in cultivation, namely, Apium graveolens. 
This is the botanical name of all cultivated. The 
varieties are very numerous, and to indicate each, 
you have only to add the name of the variety thus: 
Apium graveolens Standard Bearer, A g Sutton’s 
A i, and so on. To give the names of all the varieties 
grown would be a hopeless and herculean task. 
Besides those two mentioned, the following may be 
enumerated as amongst the leading kinds, although 
you must grow them well to get them in perfection : 
Sandringham White, Webb’s Pearl White, Hender¬ 
son’s White Plume, Sutton’s White Gem (early), 
Wright's Giant White, Wright's Grove Red, Major 
Clarke's Red, William's Matchless Red, Leicester 
Red, Veitch’s Early Rose, Veitcfc’s Superb White 
Carter’s Solid Ivory, Manchester Prizetaker White, 
Carter’slncomparable Crimson, Dickson’s Matchless 
White, &c. The above constitute but a small num¬ 
ber of those in cultivation, and are all excellent if you 
get the true strain. They are not botanically distinct, 
but garden strains and selections. The most distinct 
variety, botanically, wouid be the Turnip-rooted 
Celery or Celerac. Your other questions next 
week. 
Seedlings of Yariegated Hop Damping.— H. 
Davids : It is cot tor lack of heat, but more pn_btbly 
because the seedlings have been kept too damp at the 
roots, or too far from the light. When in any way 
shaded at this dull period of the year, the portion of 
the stem below the cotyledons or seed leaves becomes 
abnormally drawn up, when it is invariably weak and 
spindly. Plants are liable to do this on the slightest 
provocation, so that whenever they appeared above 
ground you should have stood them on a shelf or 
otherwise close to the glass in an atmosphere kept 
rather dry and airy. You can make another sowing 
and the lengthening day and stronger light which we 
are likely to get scon will stand the seedlings in good 
stead. 
Names of Plants.— Ferns: i, Adiantum Capillus- 
Veneris var. Weigandii (some simply call it Adian¬ 
tum Weigandii) ; 2, Adiantum Capillus-Veneris 
imbricatum (very variable, and at times producing 
full-sized Sporangia, but we failed to find any good 
spores) ; 3, Adiantum Capillus-Veneris var. ; 4, 
Adiantum cuneatwn lawsonianum (one (rond on the 
same bit of rhizome had reverted more than half 
way back to the type) ; 5, Adiantum Raiperi (one 
frond partly barren with greatly enlarged pinnules); 
6, Adiantum aethiopicum var. assimile.— R.A.: 1, 
flower shrivelled up, and not recognised ; 2, On- 
cidium reflexum ; 3, Ardisia crenulata.— T. B. : 1, 
Scirpus riparius, best known as Isolepis gracilis; 2, 
Carex brunnea variegata; 3, Ruellia Portellae; 4, 
Oxalis Ortgiesii; 5, Russellia juncea.— XV. M.: 1, 
Reinwardtia tetragyna ; 2, Reinwardtia trigyna.— 
Thos. Harris: 1, Davallia Tyermanni; 2, no spores, 
see next week ; 3, Pellionia pulchra ; 4, Coronilla 
glauca.— A. G. Strachan : Phyllanthus nivosus is the 
name of the stove plant. 
Communications Received—Gamma.—G. W. C. 
—J. Mayne.—J. C., Chard.—Longmans, Green & 
Co. — Frederick Warne & Co.—Caledonia.—Al- 
chemilla.—J. B.—A. C.—R. B. 
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— Seed Catalogue. 
No worm or other vermin oan possibly enter a plant where 
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