684 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
June 23, 1900. 
gallons of water. Soot dusted over the leaves on a 
dewy morning, or one part of soot to three parts of 
lime is likewise recommended. 
MACROTOMIA ECHIOIDES. 
This very showy canary-yellow flowering plant 
appears to be little known. In rudimentary habit 
and character it takes after the dwarf Pulmonaria 
officinalis. The leaves are somewhat twisted, oblong- 
lanceolate, downy and green. There are numerous 
flowering racemes borne by one plant, these being 
helicoid, that is, always branching from the upper 
side of the flowering axis, the flowers being on 
oblique secondary stalks, and arranged closely upon 
the upper surface of the primary axis. They are 
funnel-shaped, smooth, of moderate size, and canary- 
yellow. A sunny portion of the rockery seems to 
suit it well. 
A HANDSOME WREATH. 
In an American contemporary lately there appeared 
a block portraying a standard wreath, “ designed to 
represent human existence from infancy to the 
autumn of life.” The lower right portion of the 
wreath was composed of Lily of the Valley, next a 
cluster of Carnations, followed by white Rose buds, 
then open flowers of American Beauty, afterwards a 
cluster of Lilium longiflorum, followed by a ripe 
grain and brown Galax leaves. 
T'UNG OIL IN CHINA. 
T’ung oil is extracted from the seeds of the paint 
tree (Dryandra cordata), which, according to the 
United States Consul at Shanghai, is extensively 
cultivated in the Yangtze Valley, also in Chekiang 
Province. The seeds of the paint tree are poisonous, 
and the oil is used occasionally for poisoning rats ; 
also to produce vomiting in would-be opium 
suicides. For the latter purpose, however, it is 
neither so safe nor so effective as zinc sulphate or 
the stomach pump. The chief use of t'ung oil is as 
a standard paint, and as such is in great demand by 
the natives. When boiled it makes one of the best 
drying oils ; it is also extensively used in varnishing 
with the famous Ningpo varnish, “ t’si," i.e., the 
dried sap of the varnish tree (Rhus vernicifera), a 
good coating of which will stand considerable heat 
without leaving a mark, and will last for years. The 
various shades for colouring are produced by animal, 
vegetable, and mineral substances. Pigs’ blood is 
the favourite for the first coating in varnish. To 
give body and lustre to paint they mix with the oil 
finely powdered galena and other ores.— Journal o; 
the Society of Arts. 
SOCIETIES. 
THE YORKSHIRE GALA. —June 13th, i^th&-i 5 th. 
Again has this great Yorkshire show passed by for 
another year. From the competitor’s point of view 
it was successful, but it is to be feared the drawings 
were scarcely so full as the committees could have 
wished, and this happens from the fact of unsettled 
weather and forthcoming counter attractions. 
Orchids occupied a large share of the available 
space, while the specimen plants and groups of 
plants were quite up to the usual. 
Cut fldwers were likewise extensively exhibited, 
but fruits and vegetables were limited in quantity. 
As usual, the nurserymen's exhibits were very fine, 
no stone being left unturned by them to make their 
individual displays as effective as was possible. 
Orchids. —Mr. J. Cypher, of Cheltenham, took 
the lion’s share of the prizes in the Orchid classes. 
For the most tasty “Table of Orchids,” 12 ft. by 5 
ft., he beat Mr. J. Robson, of Altrincham. Cym- 
bidiums, Cypripediums, Laelias, and Cattleyas were 
the chief subjects shown iu both cases. Mr. 
Cypher’s table was finely set off by arches of Vanda 
teres, &c. In the open class for ten Orchids in 
bloom, Mr. J. Cypher again stood first, having some 
fine Cattleya Mendelii and C. Mossiae ; W. P. Bur- 
kinshaw, Esq. (gardener, Mr. J. T. Barker), West 
Hill, Hessle, was second ; Mr. J. Robson, Altrin- 
ham, came third ; and fourth, the Executors of W. 
B. Stobart, Esq. (gardener, Mr. L. Hartley), Spetton 
Hill, Leeds. 
For six specimens, Mr. Cypher was again first, 
with examples of Laelia purpurata, L. p. Niobe, 
Thunia Marshalli, and others were very fine; W. 
P. Burkenshaw, Esq., and Mr. J. Robson were 
second and third respectively. 
W. P. Burkenshaw, Esq., beat Col. Harrison 
Broadley in the class for three Orchids. For a 
smgle specimen Col. H. Broadley was the successful 
exhibitor. W. P. Burkenshaw, Esq., won Messrs. 
Backhouse's prizes in a class for four specimens, 
distinct. Mr. J. Mclndoe, Hutton Hall, was 
second. 
Groups of Plants.—E. F. Faber, Esq. (gar¬ 
dener, Mr. tV. Townsend), Belvedere, Harrogate, 
was the proud winner of the first prize iu a keen 
competition for a group of miscellaneous plants 
arranged for effect. Mr. W. Vause, nurseryman, 
Leamington, followed. 
For a group of Roses Mr. J. W. Hutchison, 
Kirbymoorside, took the lead. Other good exhibits 
came from Messrs. M. Campbell & Son, who showed 
Carnations; Roses from Messrs. Jackson & Son, 
Bedale, and Calceolarias from Mrs. Lloyd, Ling- 
croft, York. 
Specimen Plants. —For twelve stove and green¬ 
house plants, Orchids excluded, Mr. J. Cypher was 
first. His lot was altogether exceptionally fine. 
Mr. W. Vause came second with good plants, though 
not so select. The same order was maintained in the 
class for six. Mr. Cypher was leader also for three 
specimens. Mr. W. Vause, however, came first for 
a single specimen, with Anthurium scherzerianum. 
He also showed the best specimen greenhouse plant, 
in this instance, an Erica. 
Florists' Flowers in Pots. —For twelve show 
Pelargoniums, Mrs. Tetley (gardener, Mr. Isaac 
Eastwood), Foxhill, Westwood, Leeds, was the only 
exhibitor in this class and also in the class for six, 
but her specimens were most remarkable. For a 
dozen “ zonals " Mrs. Tetley also scored. Miss 
Wharton led off in the competition for specimen 
Fuchsias. Mrs. Tetley here came second. These 
also were monsters in size and capita! examples of 
culture. 
Peter Kirkby, Esq., York, was first for eight 
tuberous rooted Begonias. The second prize went 
to Miss Wharton. For eight Calceolarias Mr. J. W. 
Hutchison came first with plants remarkable for 
their fine strain. 
Roses. —The York classes for Roses offer liberal 
money prizes, and some of them are very large, as 
for instance the class calling for seventy-two blooms. 
Messrs. Harkness & Sons, of Bedale, Yorks., came 
in first in this entry, showing some fine blooms even 
after so poor a season. Messrs. J. and A. May, 
Bedale, were second, though they were first in the 
classes for forty-eight and thirty-six respectively. 
Messrs. Harkness again came in for twenty-four 
Roses, distinct varieties; Messrs. J. Burrell & Co., 
Cambridge, were second. 
Messrs. Harkness & Son also won first for twelve 
white or yellow Roses, showing pretty blooms of 
Kaiserin, A. Victoria, White Maman Cochet, Niphe- 
tos, Marechal Niel, and Mdme. Hoste. 
Cut Flowers. — For a display of hardy cut 
flowers, Messrs. Richard Smith & Co., Worcester, 
were the premier exhibitors. The table included 
some fine Paeonies, Irises, Day Lilies, Lilium testa- 
ceum, Heuchera saDgulnea, Eremurus robustus, and 
E. himalaicus. 
Mr. J. Smellie, Bushby, N.B., and Messrs. M. 
Campbell & Son, High Blantyre, N.B., were first 
and second for Pansies. 
Fruit and Vegetables — The mcst successful 
winners in the classes for fruit and vegetables were 
Sir J. Pease (gardener, Mr. Mclndoe), who led for 
a decorated table of fruit; second, Lord Barnard 
(gardener, Mr. J. Tullett); third, Mr. J. Summers, 
florist, Sunderland ; and fourth, the Earl of Harring¬ 
ton (gardener, Mr. J. H. Goodacre), Elvaston Castle, 
Derbyshire. 
Sir J. Pease also won for six distinct kinds of 
fruits ; Lord St. Oswald (gardener, Mr. John 
Eastor), Nostell Priory, Wakefield, was very close 
to the remarkable exhibit taking first honours; Lord 
Barnard came third. 
Miscellaneous Exhibits.— Messrs. J. Veitch & 
Sots, Ltd., Chelsea, London, had a particularly 
choice group of Orchids. (Gold Medal.) 
Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Heaton, Bradford, 
also received for their display of Orchids a Gold 
Medal. 
Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Clapton and Bush Hill 
Park Nurseries, Enfield, showed a splendid group of 
Orchids. 
Messrs. Wm. Cutbush & Son, Highgate Nurseries, 
London, won for a group of Carnations and miscel¬ 
laneous plauts a Gold Medal. 
Messrs. R. Smith & Co., Worcester, had an ex¬ 
tensive group of stove and greenhouse plants, &c. 
Messrs. Laxton Bros., Bedford, staged a splendid 
lot of Strawberries. (Gold Medal.) 
Messrs. E. Webb & Son, Wordsley, Stourbridge, 
showed Begonias, Gloxinias, and culinary Peas. 
Messrs. Kelway & Son, Langport, Somerset, had 
choice herbaceous cut flowers, including Paeonies, 
Gailiardias, Pyrethrums, &c. 
Messrs. Dicksons, Chester, staged flowers from the 
hardy plant borders. 
Messrs. J. Peed & Son, Roupell Park Nurseries, 
West Norwood, London, showed Gloxinias and 
Begonias. 
Messrs. W. Clibran & Son, Altrincham and 
Manchester, exhibited a collection of stove and 
greenhouse plants. 
Mr. R. Sydenham, Birmingham, had a collection 
of Sweet Peas, &c. 
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL.— JtfHe 19th. 
The Drill Hall was well filled on Tuesday last with 
a great variety of subjects. Orchids were strongly 
represented. The same may be said of Roses, par¬ 
ticularly the early-flowering garden Roses, which 
were shown in great variety and profusion ; also her¬ 
baceous Paeonies, Irises, Delphiniums, Aquilegias, 
and hardy herbaceous subjects of all classes. 
Humeas were in strong force, and admirably grown. 
Sweet Peas in pots, Carnations, and many other 
subjects were in great abundance. 
An interesting group of Orchids was exhibited by 
Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart, (grower, Mr. W. H. 
White), Burford Lodge, Dorking, who had well- 
flowered pieces of Laeliocattleya canhamiana 
Edouard Andre, Lc. arnoldiana, the nearly pure 
white Cattleya Mossiae Lawrencae, and the large- 
flowered Sobralia Veitchi. As pet plants, full of 
interest were such as Luisia amesiana, Pleurothallis 
Grobyi, Physosiphon Loddigesii, Polystachya zam- 
besica, Pogonia species, and Habenaria rhodochila, 
in several of which the public evinced much interest. 
(Silver Flora Medal.) 
H. T. Pitt, Esq. (gardener, Mr. W. Thurgood), 
Rosslyn, Stamford Hill, exhibited a group of 
Orchids, amongst which Thunia Bensoniae, T. 
marshalliana, Cattleyas, and fine varieties of Odon- 
toglossum crispum were conspicuous. He also had 
flowering pieces of the rare Galeandra devoniana, 
and the beautiful Platyclinis filiforme, Cochlioda 
noetzliana, Laelia digbyana, Dendrobium Dearei, 
and Laelia tenebrosa were also very choice in their 
way. (Silver Banksian Medal.) 
H. F. Simonds, Esq. (gardener, Mr. George E. 
Day), Woodthorpe, Beckenham, had a showy and 
effective group of Orchids, including a very fine lot 
of Laelia purpurata, stood all along the back of the 
group. Miltonia vexillaria, in great variety, Onci- 
dium concolor, Cattleya Mossiae, C. citrina, C. 
Loddigesii, Dendrobium Dearei and Laelia schiller- 
iana were also marked features of this bold and well 
arranged group. The plants were well flowered, and 
the best use made of them in arrangement to show 
them off to the best advantage. Ferns and 
Isolepis were used as a ground-work. (Silver Flora 
Medal.) 
Messrs. Stanley, Ashton & Co., Southgate, N., set 
up a large and showy collection of Orchids, consist¬ 
ing of Cattleyas, Odontoglossums, Laelias, Miltonias, 
ard Epidendrum vitellinum. They received a 
Cultural Commendation for a very large and 
splendidly-flowered piece of Cattleya Mossiae grown 
in a large basket. Laelia tenebrosa varied con¬ 
siderably in the depth of colour. Amongst Odonto- 
glossum citrosmum, O. c. sulphureum was choice 
and dainty, the lip being blush-white, but the rest of 
the flower sulphur. (Silver Banksian Medal.) 
F. A. Bevan, Esq (gardener, Mr. A. Ward), Trent 
Park, New Barnet, exhibited the finest piece of 
Coelogyne dayana that has ever been seen, it being 
laden with about fifty long racemes of flowers, in two 
or three rows, one over the other, all round the 
plant. (Silver Flora Medal.) 
Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Bush Hill Park Nur¬ 
series, Enfield, exhibited a group of Orchids, very 
profusely flowered. Cattleya Mendelii was in great 
abundance, but they also had C. Mossiae, a fine 
variety of C. gigas, Odontoglossum crispum in great 
variety, the flowers being round and well overlapped, 
