July 7, 1900. 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
709 
American Park and Outdoor Art Association. 
—We learn that this association assembled in 
annual convention at the Art Institute, Chicago, on 
June 5th, 6th and 7th, 1900. Papers were read 
and discussions on various subjects took place, 
and visits made to the parks. " Landscape Gar¬ 
dens." " Composition," " National Growth,” 
"Roads” &c., were the subjects discussed. 
Fruit at StoYer Park.—There is excellent pro¬ 
mise in the way of fruit both out of doors and under 
glass at Stover Park, Newton Abbot, South Devon, 
the residence of H. St. Maur, Esq., who, we regret 
to learn, has been invalided home from South 
Africa. Peaches, Nectarines, Cherries, and Plums, 
amongst stone fruits, are a heavy crop. In the way 
of small fruits, Gooseberry and Red Currants are 
well laden. The Black Currants are so heavy a crop 
that they are breaking down the bushes. Rasp¬ 
berries also promise well, the moist climate of Devon 
conducing greatly to their welfare. Apples and 
Pears are promising a fair crop, but the trees are 
yet young, they, as well as all of the above, having 
been planted as recently as the autumn of 1898. 
Apples and Pears take longer time to develop and 
come into full bearing than most of the above- 
mentioned. 
Emigrants' Information.—The July circulars of 
the Emigrants' Information Office and the annual 
editions of the penny handbooks show the present 
prospects of emigration. This is the best season of 
the year for emigration to Canada, there being good 
demand for farm and general labourers, miners, and 
domestic servants. Female servants and competent 
men for farms and vineyards are likely to find employ¬ 
ment in New South Wales. In South Australia 
there is good demand for agricultural labourers in 
country districts, for men able to work binders and 
strippers,for boundary riders, and for married couples 
without children, for stations. Free or reduced 
passages are being granted to farm labourers and 
domestic servants to Queensland. In Western Aus¬ 
tralia also, the demand is for farm labourers. In 
Tasmania there is no demand for farm labour, un¬ 
less the men have a little capital. In New Zealand, 
there is a demand all round for workers in all sorts 
of trades and pursuits, and unskilled labourers would 
find sure employment either at rabbit poisoning, 
scrub cutting, bridge building, road repairing,fencing, 
or general farm work. 
Royal Horticultural Society.—A special general 
meeting of the Fellows of the society was held at the 
Drill Hall on Tuesday, July 3rd, at 4 in the after¬ 
noon. The purpose of the meeting was to consider 
and pass, with or without alteration, the re-arranged 
bye-laws of the society. Sir Trevor Lawrence, 
Bart., President, presided over the meeting, and was 
supported by most of those who take an active part 
in the doings of the society. The secretary was first 
cal ed upon to read the minutes of the last meeting. 
The notice convening the meeting of Tuesday was 
then read, after which the bye-laws were considered. 
With the exceptions of chapters II., III., VIII., 
and X. all were carried unanimously. Mr. Alex. 
Dean proposed and Major Ince seconded that clause 
10 in chapter II. be eliminated. The clause stipulated 
that ladies could not be elected as officers of the 
society, but considering that there are close on 1,000 
ladies who are "Fellows” of the society, which 
means, according to statistics £1,100 a year, the 
force of the clause was not apparent. The amend¬ 
ment was carried unnanimously. Dr. Masters 
succeeded in having the word " horticulturist ” 
struck out of clause 16, chapter III., and in getting 
the words (British) " men of science ” inserted. The 
alterations in clauses 45, 46, 47, and 48 have been 
thoroughly re-arranged, though the legal draft of 
them has yet to be drawn. An amendment was 
passed that, "With respect to any resolutions 
brought before a general meeting, either on the re¬ 
commendation of the council or of a Fellow of the 
society, if the resolution be rejected by a majority, 
and if the majority is not more than equal to three- 
fifths of the members voting, it shall be lawful for the 
minority to demand a poll of all the Fellows of the 
society.” This refers to special cases where the making 
of bye-laws may require larger majorities. At the 
end of clause 67 a stipulation to the effect that if a 
member of council can declare a valid excuse for 
continued absence from council meetings, he be 
exempt from the force of that clause. Clause 76 
has an addition made to it to the effect that the 
names of all persons duly nominated for the office of 
auditor shall be in the list provided for by bye-law 
73- 
Weather in London. — Londoners are despairing of 
ever having summer with them. Rain and leaden 
skies, thunderstorms and blinks of sunshine once in 
a while, that’s the weather that London is having. 
This last June has been the wettest June for ten 
years, more than 2-in. of rain having fallen. 
Cheap Seed.—According to a United States 
bulletin, after having experimented with and analysed 
samples of seed, the statements are made that:— 
" A sample of seed may contain (1) pure and germin- 
able seed, that is, seed that will grow and produce 
the kind of plants wanted ; (2) chaff, sticks and dirt; 
(3) weed seeds and field seeds other than those 
wanted.” 
“ Daniels Bros., Limited.”—We have information 
to the effect that Messrs. Daniels Bros., the Royal 
Norfolk Seed Establishment, Norwich, have regis¬ 
tered their business as a limited company. This 
will involve no alteration in the management, Mr. 
B. E. Fletcher, the senior partner, remaining as 
Chairman of the Board, and Mr. Charles Daniels, 
the junior partner, as managing director of the 
company, with Mr. W. Rogers Smith, who for many 
years has been the accountant to the firm, as sec¬ 
retary. No public issue of shares has been made, 
the former proprietors retaining their whole interest 
in the company. 
ULEX (THE FURZE). 
Your correspondent, C. B. G., is at bis old offence. 
Last week, in your issue of June 23 rd,page 679, he uses 
the word " pastural,” though no such word exists. 
This week, June 30th, he replies to my letter. I asked 
him if he had any authority for saying that Ulex 
was indicative of all prickles. He shirks this ques¬ 
tion, for of course he has no authority. 
He goes on to state that authorities agree to differ 
on the etymology of the term " Ulex.” Has he the 
slightest authority for this statement ? He states 
that he accepts the Celtic ac or ec a point or prickle 
as the derivation. What authority has he for this 
derivation? Does he know anything of Celtic? 
Does he know if either ac or ec is a Celtic word, and 
if so can he give any authority for saying the words 
mean a point or prickle ? I know nothing of Celtic, 
but I have looked up ac and ec in a Celtic dictionary 
and I find neither in it. 
Pliny, I would state for the benefit of those of 
your readers who may not know much about him, 
was one of the greatest, if not the greatest, of the 
old Roman savants. It is authentic history that he 
perished in a.d. 79 when rescuing the unfortunate 
mhibitants of Pompeii and neighbouring towns 
during the great eruption. He, amongst other 
works, has left a work on Natural History, where 
the word Ulex appears, which is to be found on the 
shelves of the British Museum in thirteen large 
volumes, and the catalogue there covers under his 
name eighteen closely printed pages; and yet 
C. B. G. describes him as "legendary.” Can 
ignorance go further ? I would suggest that if 
C. B. G. writes further be should take Horace’s 
advice, and lock the manuscript up for nine years, 
after which period let us hope it may never get into 
the printer's hands.— J. C. Stogdon. 
ORCHID NOTES & GLEANINGS. 
By the Editor. 
Orchis maculata and O. latifolia.—The most 
common, perhaps, of all our British species of Or¬ 
chis (O. maculata) is usually very plentiful in 
chalky districts, but on the chalk itself it is usually 
very pale. In the heavy clay loams at the foot of 
the chalk hills, where moisture is more abundant 
than on chalk alone, the meadows, where undisturb¬ 
ed by the plough, are often covered with a sheet of 
many shades of darker purple flowers, altogether 
richer than on the chalk. In districts, too, where 
the rainfall is heavier than about London, this and 
other species of Orchis are often very variable in 
colour and handsome indeed, as well as abundant. 
These conditions are furnished in the climate of 
Devon, from whence Mr. A. McDonald, gardener 
to H. St. Maur, Esq., M.F.H., Stover Park, New¬ 
ton Abbot, sends us some bunches of O. maculata 
and O. latifolia. The former has the lighter flowers, 
though some of them are richly spotted with dark 
purple on a lighter ground. Forms of O. latifolia 
are the more numerous, and have dark purple flow¬ 
ers with still darker spots, though not very conspic¬ 
uous owing to the dark ground colour of all parts 
of the flower. They lack the boldness of Conti¬ 
nental forms as well as those from north Africa 
and the Canary Islands. It is a pity that these 
native Orchids should be so much harried near 
towns and large villages. 
-« g— - 
THE PAEONIES. 
Passing away just before the full blaze of the mid¬ 
summer flowers arrive and coming after the spring 
bulbous plants have once again retired, the large, 
loose-flowered Paeonies are well loved gems of our 
hardy plant gardens, and have long been cherished. 
Within comparatively recent years, much has been 
done by energetic firms to improve and increase 
every quality possessed by Paeonies, and the good 
work is still being undertaken. 
Messrs. Barr & Sons, King Street, Covent Garden, 
London, W.C., and Long Ditton, Surrey, as growers 
of hardy plants, &c., have over two acres devoted to 
them. On Saturday, June 23rd, notes were made of 
a number of fine varieties which they largely culti¬ 
vate in their nursery at the address just given. The 
names of these distinct and good varieties conclude 
this article. 
It may be taken for granted that along with quality 
of bloom—so far as colour, size, form, &c., goes, the 
nurserymen are also directing their attention to the 
selection of those varieties which exhibit the greatest 
amount of persistence in a handsome state. It 
is wonderful what care and time can do and has 
done. 
Among double Paeonies, which, unlike most other 
double flowers compared with their single brothers 
and sisters of a genus, are far lovlier than the singles, 
there is now a fair range of colours. The chief 
shades embrace reds, creams and whites, with all the 
varying shades which mixtures of these colours can 
give. The possibility of having deep yellows, and 
perhaps, later on, blues, does not appear improbable. 
We would be well enough supplied even without 
these additional colours, but still if they can be got 
then why not ? 
Planting.— A question worthy of consideration is, 
“ Should we plant solitary plants here and there in a 
herbaceous border, or is the bedding method best ? " 
In nearly every instance it is much better to plant 
in beds or in borders by themselves. Their greatest 
beauty is then brought out and easily enjoyed; 
colours can be arranged either to blend in easy flowing 
harmony or decided, yet agreeable, contrasts. Where 
only a small garden is at command, the planting has 
perforce to be of a mixed nature. 
Soil and Aspect.— As a rule Paeonies are not 
fastidious. Go where we choose, they always seem 
to do well, even on vaiying soils. But if a specially 
good soil would be accorded, let it be deep, cool, 
rich, moist, but free from stagnant water. On dry 
sandy soil much sappy manure has to be incorpor¬ 
ated with it, and constant heavy mulchings are 
required. Cold unctuous clays may be improved by 
deep working and draining, and by incorporating soil 
and matter of a light character. A shady or half-shady 
position lends charm to their colouring, seeming to 
soften it, and the shade also tends to make the plants 
last longer. 
For arranging along with a few blue Irises in large 
vases, and some Grasses as Glyceria spectabilis— 
few cut flowers lend themselves so well or are so full 
of rich and delightful forms and colours. The pink 
varieties are favourites, and a few of them are softly 
fragrant. 
The following varieties are the choicest from 
Messrs. Barr's very large collection, which aregrown 
in an open nursery, and are thoroughly well treated. 
The plants were all of sturdy and vigorous appear¬ 
ance, each one flowering very freely. 
Singles. —The singles are varieties of Paeonia 
albiflora. One of the latest and among the best is 
Water Lily, having a double row of snow-white 
petals, neatly rounded at the tips, and disclosing a 
beautiful array of shining yellow stamens. Cleo¬ 
patra is certainly a splendid rosy-pink, edged with 
white. Beauty approaches it in most respects, but 
is not so large. Dorothy is a rosy-mauve whose 
golden stamens also contribute to make it more 
lovely ; Dreadnought is a very fine glowiDg purple ; 
Gertrude is a sweet pink variety; Ivanhoe stands 
