788 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
August 11, 1900. 
rain fell for about an hour in the afternoon 
after the spraying had been accomplished, 
and the results proved that the copper sul¬ 
phate had been washed away, thus render¬ 
ing it almost entirely uneffective. At 
Kilby’s Farm, Winkfield, the best results 
were obtained from two plots sprayed with 
50 and 73 gallons, respectively, of a 2 per 
cent, solution. From the above the 
principal facts in the spraying of Char¬ 
lock may be gleaned. It seems to us that 
the experiments might have been carried 
out earlier when the corn was dwarfer or 
younger, so that the Charlock would have 
been more exposed to the spray from the 
machine. 
-a 5 - - — 
Royal Horticultural Society.—The next fruit and 
flower show of the Royal Horticultural Society will 
be held on Tuesday, August 14th, in the Drill Hall, 
Buckingham Gate, Westminster, 1-5 p.m. A lecture 
on " Melons ” will be given by Mr. A. Pettigrew at 
3 o’clock. 
Weather in London.—On Friday, August 3rd, a 
violent wind storm raged in and around London, 
while on Sunday a sudden and severe thunder storm 
with a downpour of rain spent itself. Monday 
(Bank Holiday) and Tuesday were both wet days- 
The sky is dull and watery as we go to press 
(Wednesday). 
Gradus Pea.—An apology is due from me to the 
readers of your largely circulated paper. About 
this time last year I wrote an article on dwarf Peas, 
Gradus being one of them, which turned out per¬ 
fectly useless. I wrote to the Pea seedsman of 
Leicester, asking if he would kindly send me some 
of the true sort. I sowed it in February. It comes in 
as early as William the First, but will now supersede 
that sort. I consider it to be by far the best Pea in 
cultivation. It bears a plentiful crop of seed of 
good colour, and is really a great luxury . — William 
Carmichael, 14, Pitt Street, Edinburgh. 
Bulbs for the London Parks and Open Spaces.— 
We understand that Messrs. Cutbush & Son, High- 
gate Nurseries, London, N.. have been favoured with 
the orders from the First Commissioners of Her 
Majesty's Works, Westminster, and the London 
County Council, for the supply of the whole of the 
bulbs required this autumn for the London parks 
and open spaces,including Hyde Park, Regent's Park, 
St. James' Park, Hampton Court Gardens, Batter¬ 
sea Park, Brockwell Park, Bethnal Green Gardens, 
Chelsea Embankment Gardens, Clissold Park, Dul¬ 
wich Park, Finsbury Park, Golders' Hill, Island 
Gardens, Kennington Park, Maryon Park, Meath 
Gardens, Lincoln’s Inn Fields, Myatt’s Fields, Peck- 
ham Rye Park, Victoria Park, Victoria Embankment, 
Leicester Square Gardens, Ravenscourt Park, Royal 
Victoria Gardens (North Woolwich), Southwark 
Park and Waterlow Park. 
A New Pea. —Mr. James Bryson, Helensburgh, 
N.B., sends us a curious looking Pea, which he de¬ 
scribes as a cross between a green variety (a seedling 
of his own raising) and a black podded sort. He 
sends us the latter and we should describe it as more 
of a deep purple than black, when the bloom is rubbed 
off it. It bears solitary flowers and pods on short 
stalks and has purple flowers. It is evidently a de¬ 
scendant of the Field Pea (Plsum arvense). The new 
variety is of remarkable vigour, judging by the small 
piece of stem sent us, and what strikes us as peculiar, 
if constant, is that the leaf is a foot in length and 
bears six large leaflets independently of the still 
larger and leafy stipules. The flower stalks bear two 
pods. The latter are about four inches long, straight, 
slightly flattened on the sides, which are green, while 
the edges, back and front, are deeply stained with 
purple. They are closely packed with seeds (about 
nine in each) of very respectable size. They are now 
rather firm and solid eating, but might prove useful 
for boiling in the dry state. The value of the variety 
for this purpose would largely depend upon the fruit¬ 
fulness of the stems, that is, upon the number of pods 
each stem would produce. It might prove valuable 
as a field Pea on account of its vigour. For garden 
purposes it might be tried before the pods get too 
old. 
Chestnuts for Market.—The cultivation of Chest¬ 
nuts for market in certain sections of Pennsylvania 
and West Virginia has proved highly profitable. 
Several improved sorts have already resulted from 
experiments in hybridisation and grafting. 
Fruit Growing in Ireland.—"We are extremely 
gratified to find,’’ says The Irish Gardener," that fruit 
growing has been engaged in to such an extent in the 
North of Ireland that the nurserymen were sorely 
tried to meet the demand, many of them being com¬ 
pletely sold out of their stocks of standard and bush 
trees, and in some cases obliged to cut back and re¬ 
graft with popular varieties stocks already worked 
with less favoured sorts." 
Ayrshire Potato Crop.—Most of the fields along 
the Ayrshire coast are entirely cleared, and buyers 
are working more inland. Under the sunshine and 
heat of recent weeks the crop has greatly improved 
and ripened well. Buyers and cultivators both 
appear to be satisfied with the season's results. The 
crop has risen well. Markets have kept up and 
prices are maintained. Maincrops are now selling. — 
N.B.A. 
Canadian Horticultural Society.—The annual 
convention of the Canadian Horticultural Society 
will be held in Montreal on Thursday and Friday, 
August 16th and 17th. The meetings will be held 
in the Natural History Hall, 32, University Street, 
and the following papers will be read and discussed: 
"Roses up to Date," J. H. Dunlop, Toronto ; " How 
to Make a Private Place most Attractive," G. Robin¬ 
son, Montreal; "Public Parks and Gardens," John 
Chambers, Toronto; “Violets,” Wm. Fendley, 
Brampton ; " The Advantages of Organisations in 
Our Business," S. S. Bain, Montreal; "Herbaceous 
Plants," T. Manton, Eglinton ; " Heating and Venti¬ 
lating," R. W. King, Toronto ; " Commercial 
Orchids," J. Goodier, Toronto ; 11 Carnations up to 
Date," Wm. Gammage, London. 
American Ginseng.—The cultivation of Ameri¬ 
can Ginseng (Aralia quinquefolia) is receiving 
much attention in America at the present time. The 
cultivation is of recent date in America, although it 
has been grown in Japan, China, and Korea for a long 
time. In these countries the wild roots are sought 
out when they are about 5 ozs. or more in weight, 
and are green. After washing them very carefully 
in fresh water they are placed on boards in the sun 
to dry, or the roots may be spread evenly and 
thinly in a warm room. It takes about 3 lbs. of 
green root to make 1 lb. of marketable article which 
is medicinal. So valuable are the roots that the 
greatest care must be observed to prevent thieves 
from carrying off quantities. Information about this 
commodity is contained in a circular sent out under 
the direction of Mr. Harlan P. Kelsey, Tremont 
Buildings, Boston, Mass. U.S.A. 
The Derivation of Ulex.—If I may be permitted 
to refer again to this subject, I should like to 
thank " Sigma " for his support and amplification of 
the rendering I gave. It is quite a pleasure to have 
a scholarly and gentlemanly aspect of the question 
after the sort of criticism to which I have been 
subject. Sheat's is undoubtedly the authority on all 
matters relating to etymology. I do not, however, 
possess Sheat's, but I do Chambers' Etymological 
Dictionary, which is based on Sheat's, therefore I have 
a very high opinion of the value of Chambers’ edu¬ 
cational works. With respect to the application of 
the term “ legendary," I must join issue with 
“ Sigma,” as I consider that the meaning I have 
attached to it is perfectly legitimate. Chambers’ 
bears me out. Moreover, Southey, in his " Letters," 
uses a synonymous, but less elegant, term to express 
the same idea, viz., "this was decidedly an inven¬ 
tion of the legendist." I would also submit that 
" legendary ’’ and " fabulous ” ought not to be con¬ 
founded ; for while fables are incredible stories, 
legends are not necessarily so. Fables are written 
for instruction; legends for amusement. Again, 
" legendary ” can be employed as a substantive as 
well as an adjective ; " fabulous ” cannot, although 
we can call a writer of fables a " fabulist.” How¬ 
ever, I am quite sure that "Sigma” does not want 
this put into a logical formula—-he can discriminate 
between them. I am also sure that he will give me 
credit for using the term " legendary ” with a know¬ 
ledge of the facts. — C. B. G. 
Sweet Peas, when well treated, make tremen¬ 
dously tall plants in America—so tall that a step- 
ladder is necessary when gathering the blossom, 
Lathyrus platyphyllos (L. latifolius) conducted up 
a central erect stake and allowed to form a spreading 
head, is excelled as an ornamental object by nothing 
in the garden. Trained over a tree-clump it is also 
conspicuously handsome. 
High Prices for Potatos.—They can evidently 
grow good Potatos up Nairn way. Messrs. J. & K. 
Cameron, of Merryton, held their annual sale of 
growing tubers on Friday, July 31st, when prices ran 
up to £42 per acre. This is about as high as the 
Ayrshire men get for their very earliest lots at the 
start of the season. 
The Railway Companies and the coming 
National Co-operative Festival.—Mr. Edward 
Owen Greening, of the National Co-operative 
Festival and One & All Flower Show, writes us an 
earnest appeal against the new policy of the railway 
companies, which are this year withdrawing privi¬ 
leges from choir singers, musicians. &c., raising 
excursion rates from the provinces all round, and 
withdrawing to a great extent Saturday to Monday 
excursions. He states that this policy is likely to 
cripple the development of a taste for choral music 
and gardening amongst the masses of the people— 
tastes which have been greatly stimulated by the 
popular festivals at the Crystal Palace. Mr. Green¬ 
ing sends us photographs of popular festivals at the 
palace before and since the new restrictions. The 
contrast is certainly very striking and suggestive. 
Poultry on the Land.—Devotees to a particular 
cause or hobby generally rate it a little higher than 
other people. A case in point is that of the Utility 
Poultry Club which, on having its attention drawn 
to the fact that, in the Agricultural Holdings Bill 
recently in Parliament, a tenant on quitting a piece 
of land receives no manner of compensation for im¬ 
provement which the droppings of poultry may have 
made, resolved to file a petition. According to the 
committee and members of the Utility Poultry Club 
who obtained special information upon the benefits 
derived from keeping poultry, among twenty-five 
farmers, 18,400 head of fowls were kept, necessitating 
the spending of £300 a year for corn. The average 
benefit to the land among these was estimated at 
one-fifth the cost of the corn, or from £1 to £2 per 
acre. The parliamentarians, however, were incor¬ 
rigible, and poultry are excluded from the list of land 
improvers. 
Hamilton Gardening and Forestry Association. 
—On July 25th the members of this association paid 
a visit to Glasgow Botanic Garden. There was a 
large turn-out of members, over fifty being in atten¬ 
dance. Amongst those present were; Messes. James 
Moir, Earnock ; A. Angus, Dalziel; H. Miller, 
Auchenraith ; H. Elder, Broomhill; A. T. McMillan, 
The Orchard; J. McQuater, Millheugh; P. 
MacDougall, Lenzie ; Thos. Finnie, Allanshaw; R. 
Ballantyne, Landsdown Nursery ; J. McCrone, J. L. 
Kerr, G. Brown, D. N. Cross, R. Gibson, A. G. 
Miller, and many of the assistant gardeners from 
neighbouring places. Mr. Dewar, curator of the 
gardens, guided the party throughout the houses and 
elsewhere. The Indian fibre plants in reference to 
which the Indian Government had offered a reward 
of a very large sum of money to anyone who could 
invent a machine to strip the fibres, received atten¬ 
tion. Species of Coelogyne, notably C. pandurata 
and Laelia tenebrosa, Cattleya guttata, &c., were in 
flower. The fernery was also fresh and interesting. 
In the economic bouse a fine specimen Vanilla 
bearing 500 pods was viewed. Possibly there is no 
finer plant than this anywhere in the Kingdom. The 
edible Passion-flower (Passiflora edulis) was also 
pointed out. At every turn there was something of 
interest to observe, and, of course, Mr. Dewar was 
full of suggestions for various features of cultivation 
with this or that subject. The collection of 4,000 
handsome Chrysanthemums was inspected, and 
numerous were the remarks of appreciation passed. 
The effective colour grouping of hardy annuals and 
florists’ flowers in beds of the flower garden, met 
with general approval. On the motion of Mr. Moir, 
a hearty vote of thanks was passed to the able 
curator, ior his courtesy and application in having 
entertained the association. 
