2 
REMARKS. 
well covered cramp firmly. Set the tree firm as a post, but leave the surface filling (of poorer soil) light 
and loose. No staking will be required except with very tall trees. Never let manure come in contact 
with the roots. 
MULCHING. 
A covering of coarse manure, straw, marsh hay or loose chip dirt, during the first season, will effect¬ 
ually prevent injury from drouth and is a benefit at all times. 
DAMAGED TREES. 
If stock is frozen when received, place the package in a cellar and entirely bury in sand until frost is 
removed. If dried from long exposure bury in the ground or keep in water until the shriveled appearance 
disappears. 
HOW TO WINTER TREES PROCURED IN THE FALL. 
The practice of procuring supplies of trees in the Fall is becoming more and more general as each 
season demonstrates its wisdom. It is a more favorite time than Spring, because of the colder weather, 
and the lighter pressure of business with nurserymen, the freighting companies and the planter. Even 
when Fall planting is not desirable by reason of severity of the climate, the stock may be procured in th-• 
Fall, and thus be on hand ready for the opportune moment in the Spring. To insure success you have 
only to get the trees before freezing weather, and bury them in the following manner: Choose a dry spot 
where no water will stand during the winter, with no grass near it to invite mice. Dig a trench, throw¬ 
ing out enough dirt to admit one layer of roots below the surface, and place the trees in it, inclined to an 
angle of forty-five degrees or more. Widen the trench, throwing the soil among the roots in position ; 
place another layer in the trench, reclining the tops on the others, and so on until all are in the trench; 
then finish by throwing up more soil until the tops of the trees are nearly or quite covered. It is also well 
to bank up the earth around the sides to insure more thorough protection. The exposed tops should then 
be covered with pine boughs, which insures them against any possibility of injury. Care should be taken 
to fill solid all the interstices among the roots. In the Spring the roots will be found to have formed the 
granulation necessary to the production of new spongioles, and when planted at the proper time will start 
to immediate growth. 
If the trees are frozen when received, they should be buried immediately in the earth, tops and all, 
and allowed to thaw in this condition. 
PLANT YOUNG TREES. 
We cannot too strongly recommend to our customers the procuring of young trees, especially for 
orchard planting, instead of selecting the largest that can be had, to secure a more immediate effect. They 
can be taken up with more perfect roots, and will become sooner established in a new location. They can 
also be more readily trained to any desired shape. The largest and most successful planters invariably 
select young, thrifty trees as the surest in the end to give thorough satisfaction. 
For small grounds, or street planting, when it is necessary to make a show as soon as possible, large 
trees are often desirable, and when handled with care should not fail to do well, but with the general 
planter the average 01 loss will be much less, and both time and money will be saved if young trees are 
selected to commence with. 
30 feet apart each way 
DISTANCES FOR PLANTING. 
Standard Apples. 
Standard Pears and strong growing Cherries . 
Duke and Morello Cherries. jg 
Standard Plums, Apricots, Peaches, Nectarines. 16 to 18 
Dwarf Pears. 10 to 12 
Dwarf Apples. 10 to 12 
Grapes.rows 10 to 16 feet apart 7 to 16 
Currants and Gooseberries. 3 to 4 
Raspberries and Blackberries. 3 to 4 by 5 to 7 feet apart. 
Strawberries, for field culture. 1 to by 3 to 3^ ft. apart. 
Strawberries, for garden culture.. z to 2 feet apart. 
Not e. A most excellent way in planting an apple orchard 30 feet apart is to plant peaches in between. 
By the time the apples require the ground the peaches will have passed their prime and can be removed. 
NUMBER OF TREES ON AN ACRE. 
30 feet apart each way. 50 IO f e et apart each way . 444 
25 “ “ . 70 8 “ “ . 680 
in rows, 
apart. 
5° 
70 
no 
135 
205 
3°° 
D45 
2725 
4840 
Rule. Multiply the distance in feet between the rows by the distance the plants are apart in the rows 
and the product will be the number of square feet for each plant or hill ; which divided into the number 
of feet in an acre (43.560). will give the number of plants or trees to the acre. 
