WHEN DID MAN APPEAR? 
87 
and flints for cutting. His dwelling was probably a 
cave in the rocks. His food consisted of shell-fish, 
berries, and roots, to which occasionally was added 
flesh of such animals as he was able to surprise and to 
kill with his club or spear. When this age ended no 
one can tell. Possibly there are still savages in the 
world that belong to this age, as far as their state of 
culture is concerned. But man gradually improved, 
and later we find man’s bones associated with imple¬ 
ments that show better workmanshij). He had learned 
to polish and to put a better edge on his tools, and the 
age became known as the Polished Stone age. 
At Aurignac a laborer came upon a cave closed 
by a heavy stone. Inside were the bones of seventeen 
human skeletons, male and female. This had evi¬ 
dently been a family burying-place. Before the cave, 
in the ashes of the fires that cooked their simple 
meals, were found the bones of the mastodon and 
stag, with rude implements for fishing and agriculture. 
Similar finds have been reported in southern France. 
On the north coast of Europe large mounds of shells 
have been discovered in which were the remains of no 
extinct animals, but those of living species such as 
the reindeer and the dog. The implements of war, 
fishing, and farming also found here, show that these 
people lived in the new or Polished Stone age. 
In many parts of Europe, in a later period, we 
find man associated with implements of still higher 
grade. He now has learned to make use of copper 
and iron in the manufacture of bronze tools and 
weapons. To this age also belong the remains of the 
