110 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
October 13, 1900. 
Questions ADD *rSW6R$. 
Will our friends who send usnews.apers be so goo p 
ns to mark the paragraphs or articles they wish us to see. 
We shall be greatly obliged b\ their so doing. 
[ Correspondents, please note that we cannot undertake to 
name florists' flowers such as Carnations, Pelargoniums, 
Chrysanthemums, Roses, nor such as are mere garden 
varieties, differing only in the colour of the flower. 
Florists' flowers, as a rule, can only be named by those who 
grow collections of them.'] 
‘Gooseberries and Caterpillars.— D. W. D.: Regard¬ 
ing your enquiry as to what you could do in winter 
or spring to lessen the caterpillar pest in sunlmer, 
we may say that you should follow the plan that 
used to be pursued by many good old gardeners who 
could not fully explain the why and the wherefore. 
When they were digging the Gooseberry breaks they 
lifted several inches of soil from above the roots of the 
bushes and had it buried more or less deeply in the 
middle of the space between the lines where they 
could dig deeply without fear of hurting the roots. 
The caterpillars of the Gooseberry Moth lay up in 
the soil and amongst leaves below the bushes in 
autumn and recommence feeding in spring when the 
leaves expand The caterpillars of the late brood of 
the Gooseberry and Currant Sawfly crawl down into 
the soil and make a cocoon of a gummy substance 
in which they live in the caterpillar state till spring. 
This latter insect is more destructive, because more 
numerous than the former. By burying the soil 
deeply as advised the caterpillars of both insects will 
be unable to get to the surface in spring. A few may 
escape because you cannot make sure'of burying 
them all. The roots of the Gooseberries and Red 
Currants may be covered with soil take§ from the 
middle of the rows when making holes to bury the 
soil taken from above the roots of the bushes. 
Pears Scabbed and Cracked.—C. Etherington: 
The specimens sent were very badly affected with a 
skin disease caused by a fungus named Cladosporium 
dendriticum var. pyrinum. We are not surprised 
that the fruits of the same trees should be attacked 
in the same way year after year, as that is in the 
nature of things. The spores of the fungus com¬ 
mence the mischief as the trees begin to grow in 
spring. You should syringe the trees with the 
Bordeaux Mixture several times in the early part of 
the summer at least. Give the first spraying soon 
after the fall of the flowers, so as to moisten every 
leaf and fruit of the trees that suffer. About ten 
days or a fortnight afterwards you should repeat the 
operation. This kills the fungus or such parts of it 
with which the fungicide comes in contact, and pre¬ 
vents it from spreading from the leaves to the young 
fruits. Bordeaux Mixture is made by dissolving the 
crystals of 6 lbs. of sulphate of copper in water, and 
4 lbs. of unslaked lime also in water ; then mix the 
two together and add water to make fifty gallons in 
all. The sulphate of copper and the lime when 
mixed should be put in a bag suspended from the 
mouth of a barrel. Pour the water into this bag, 
and all the dissolved material will be washed down 
into the barrel, while the solid residue will be 
retained. This is necessary to prevent the nozzle of 
the spray from being choked up. 
Sowing Peas in November for Early Use.— 
Enquirer would like to know if any of the readers of 
The Gardening World, in South Wales, have 
succeeded in raising a fairly good crop of early Peas 
from a November sowing. He would be pleased for 
any advice or information on the subject. In other 
parts of England the sowing of Peas in November 
has been discontinued by most people, as more satis¬ 
factory, certain and successful results are obtained 
by sowing Peas under glass early in the year and 
planting them out where they are intended to fruit, 
when the weather becomes favourable in spring. 
Dwarf Michaelmas Daisies for Pot Culture.— 
D. C. : There is no necessity for dwarf varieties 
though there are several dwarf forms which you 
might employ. Some of these are Aster Amellus, A. 
dracunculoides, A. acris, A. Novi-Beleii densus, A. 
N.-B. laevigatus and some others. You can make 
all of them fairly dwarf by taking cuttings of the 
young shoots in April, May or June, striking them 
like Chrysanthemums and growing them on in small 
pots. Give a few shifts, finally putting them into 
48-size pots, in which they will make dwarf bushy 
plants and flower well, if you attend to them with 
water. 
Hyacinths and Tulips to bloom together.— 
Enquirer-. When planted about the same time, 
Hyacinths have a tendency to flower and fade about 
ten days in advance of the Tulips. You might, 
however, try to alter the conditions by planting the 
Tulips when the bedding stuff has been lifted in 
November, or say about the beginning of that 
month. The Hyacinths might be kept in a dry, 
cool place till the middle of December, which would 
have a tendency to retard their flowering period. 
We do not think it would be well to keep them out 
of the soil any longer as the bulbs begin to deterior¬ 
ate, and the flowers would be the poorer for it. There 
is a danger, however, that a genial spring would 
bring the Hyacinths into bloom much about their 
usual time. Anyway, you might try the experiment. 
We think your best plan would be to put the 
Hyacinths in several rows along the front, 
and the Tulips in a similar mass along the back- 
The lines may be 9 in. apart. To give variety and 
pleasing effect, yellow Daffodils may be planted 
thinly and at equal distances apart, but between the 
others. They do not take up much space when 
single bulbs are planted, but when dangling their 
heads amongst Tulips and Hyacinths of a different 
colour, the effect is distinct and pleasing. 
Hyacinths, Tulips and Narcissus for Palm 
Sunday.— Enquirer : You should pot the bulbs some 
time during this month, and not later than the end 
of it, as the bulbs require some time to form good 
roots before winter. You cannot expect them to 
flower well, especially in pots, if the root system is 
not well developed before the flower scapes begin to 
push up. Narcissi are not so particular, perhaps, as 
Hyacinths and Tulips, but even they are liable to 
suffer injury if kept too long out of the soil. When 
grown in pots you can shift them about into cool, 
airy and shady places in the houses if likely to come 
along too early. Neither of them should require 
forcing if the weather is at all favourable for growth ; 
but if we have a warm, early spring, they may be 
liable to bloom too early for you if kept in a house 
with plenty of direct sunshine. If you have no 
house with a cool northern aspect, the next best 
plan would be to stand them near the front lights 
and keep the latter open all day, at the same time 
shading the house from direct sunshine. If the 
spring is cold you can easily keep the plants a little 
warmer so as to push them a bit. Your object 
should be to make them to come along slowly, as 
they will be the more sturdy and durable for it. 
Indian Azaleas to Flower by Palm Sunday.— 
Enquirer-. Azaleas are like Camellias in this respect, 
that you must not force them hard or all the buds 
will drop without opening. It is now time to house 
them, if that is not already accomplished, in order 
to keep the buds safe from frost. Keep them in a 
cool, airy greenhouse till about the middle of 
January or some time between then and the beginning 
of February. You can then maintain a night tem¬ 
perature of 40°, but not higher for a week or two. 
Then you can gradually raise the temperature to 
50 0 at night. If, in the course of six weeks or so, 
they do not appear to have made much progress, you 
can raise the temperature to 55 0 , but you must on 
no account exceed that or the buds will drop. If, 
on the other hand, they are coming on too fast, you 
can gradually lower the night temperature, and 
even shade the house, if the sun at any time gets too 
hot, unduly raising the temperature of the house. 
You can thus regulate their time of blooming by 
pushing or retarding them as the case may be. 
Names of Plants.— W. P. Scott: 1, Impatiens 
Roylei, a pale variety; 2, Cardamine hirsuta; 3, 
Sagina procumbens ; 4, Blechnum Spicant.— J.D.B.: 
1, Nepeta Glechoma variegata; 2, Chlorophytum 
elatum variegatum ; 3, Miscanthus japonicus zebri- 
nus (generally known in gardens as Eulalia japonica 
zebrina) ; 4, a species of Panicum, but material 
insufficient to determine; 5, Bambusa Fortunei 
variegata.— Hortus. Edinburgh : As far as the speci¬ 
men sent would enable ns to determine it is a seed¬ 
ling of the Elder or Bourtree (Sambucus nigra) 
grown in heat or under other unnatural conditions, 
as the leaves were thin, limp, and soon 
withered up. The seeds may have come in 
the soil employed.— T. S. : r, Berberis vulgaris; 2, 
Ligustrum vulgare; 3, Aster Novi-Belgii var.; 4, 
Colutea arborescens ; 5, Genista tinctoria elata.— 
G.C.: 1, Impatiens Roylei; 2, Achillea filipendu- 
lina ; 3, Chrysanthemum uliginosum ; 4, Aster dif- 
fusus horizontalis.— R. M. : 1, Clematis Vitalba ; 2, 
Melissa officinalis variegata ; 3, Mentha rotundifolia 
variegata (Melissa is the true Balm.)— A.D. R.: 
1, Begonia incarnata atropurpurea ; 2, Begonia Rex 
var.; 3, Pellionia pulchra; 4, Nepeta Glechoma 
variegata; 5, Othonna crassipes ; 6 , Miscanthus 
japonicus variegatus, generally known in gardens as 
Eulalia japonica variegata.— A. C. : Stachys lanata ; 
2, Veronica incana. 
Communications Received.—A. Chalmers.—R. 
Dean.—Toogood & Sods. —James Smith — E. W. 
Hileard—G. Bailey.—Adam Burnett (next week).— 
A. T.—H. W.— A. D. N.—E. S — W. D.—A. W — 
A. J. B —R. M. 
TRADE CATALOGUES RECEIVED. 
F. C. Heinemann, Erfurt, Germany. — Special 
Trade Offer of Novelties and Specialities; also 
Novelties for 1901. 
Grieve & Sons, Redbraes Nurseries, Broughton 
Road, Edinburgh.—Catalogue of Border Carnations, 
Pinks, Violas, Roses, Pansies, Fruit Trees, &c. 
Harlan P. Kelsey, Tremort Building, Boston, 
Mass, U S A.—Kelsey’s Hardy American Plants and 
Carolina Mountain Flowers (wholesale). 
B. S. Williams & Son, Victoria and Paradise 
Nurseries, Upper Holloway, N. — Catalogue of Fruit 
Trees, Vines, Roses Clematis, Hardy Trees, 
Shrubs, Conifers, and Herbaceous Plants. 
Dicksons, Limited, The Nurseries, Chester — 
Forest Trees, Ornamental Trees, Evergreens, &c. 
Clove Carnations .—Amateur: The old Clove 
Carnation is propagated by layers in the same way 
as other border Carnations. The Clove is so hardy 
and so naturalised in our gardens that you may even 
layer at this advanced period and have a fair 
measure of success. The operation must not be 
delayed beyond the present time. And if your 
stock is limited we would advise you to lift one or 
two plants from the border with a large amount of 
root soil and place them in a frame in which is 
sandy loam. If they are layered there and are 
treated as though hardy,except that the lights may be 
placed over them when the weather is severe, they 
will do well. The young plants may afterwards be 
planted in frames for the winter, and can be placed 
out in the beds in March or April. If rabbirs are 
likely to trouble them surround the beds with wire 
netting. 
Rubus phoenicolasius.— J.T.: The Japanese Wine- 
berry is offered by nearly all of the fruit nursery¬ 
men, and no doubt your nearest nurseryman could 
supply you. The birds are partial to the beautiful 
red berries of this Rubus, so that if you want to try 
the fruits for jam making you must plant your 
specimens in a position where a net can be thrown 
over them. Unfortunately the berries have little 
flavour, but the plants are very decorative. 
JUST PUBLISHED. 
A Book of Suburban Gardening for 
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1 TWIXT TOWN & COUNTRY.’ 
BY 
ROMA WHITE. 
Cr. 8vo. with Frontispiece and Index. 
SIX SHILLINGS. 
CONTENTS! 
Suitable and Unsuitable Trees—Making Boundaries 
Beautiful — Flowering Bushes and Shrubs — A 
Pompeian and a Chaucer Garden—A Shakespeare 
Corner—Flowers of the Sad Shepherd and the 
Fairie Queene—A Clock Seed and an Avalon Border 
—Our Lady's Garden—June Blossoms and their 
Stories—July Thoughts—The Management of Small 
Beds—Arranging for Constant Bloom—Seed Sowing 
—Smoky Gardens—Flowering Trees and Shrubs, 
grown in Hyde Park and Kensington Gardens— 
Deciduous Ornamental and Flowering Trees and 
Shrubs in Hyde Park—Index. 
Can now be obtained at all Libraries and Bookstalls, 
or will be sent Post Free on receipt of price by~~ 
HARPER & BROTHERS, 45, Albemarle St., W. 
JR PLEASURE AND PROFIT 
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in POTS From 15 /- a doz. 
Ornamental Trees, 91 Acres. 
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N.B.—Single Plants are sold at 
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- . - —-- 
