260 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
December 22, 190C. 
would associate such Roses with Holly, 
Holly Oak and Box, which would no doubt 
answer admirably so far as contrasts in tne 
greenery of the foliage are concerned ; but it 
would entail a good deal of attention on the 
Dart of the cultivator to prevent the more rapid 
evergreens from overpowering the liberal 
and healthy growth of the Roses that are 
deciduous. In any case Roses grow and 
flower most liberally when freely exposed 
to air and sunlight to ripen and give texture 
to the wood. If the evergreen trees and 
bushes are sufficiently dwarfed to be fairly 
overtopped and hidden by the foliage and 
blossom of the Roses then the supporting 
plants must suffer, a contingency which the 
author may consider of secondary import¬ 
ance. 
She is now preparing a kind of Rose 
garden for this class of Roses amongt Yew, 
Holly and Holly Oak of about twelve years’ 
growth. At the foot of one of the latter 
she intends planting a group of Cistus lauri- 
folius, which harmonises with the sombre 
hue of the former. The Musk Rose is 
intended for contrast with the taller tree and 
Rosa alba with the Cistus, while some 
Damask Roses also having seagreen foliage, 
but pink blossoms, will form a contiguous 
group. Where the Yews give place to 
Bamboos with decidedly lighter green 
foliage there she will plant Roses with pale 
green leaves, such as R. polyantha and the 
dark-flowered Crimson Rambler, the sprays 
of which will be allowed to mingle with 
those of its more primitive or wild relation 
having white flowers. Cluster Roses, or 
certain of them, she would allow to be self- 
supporting and develop long arching 
branches laden with blossom, and recalling 
the appearance of a fountain of water. She 
would also employ them upon arches, and in 
trailing wreaths suspended from post to post, 
reminding us of the idea of an Italian garden 
with its posts and chains for supporting the 
Roses. Reine Olga de Wurtemburg, 
Madame Alfred Carriere and the Boursalts 
are other kinds she would recommend for 
rambling without restraint over tree growth. 
Pictures of this kind may often be met with 
on our own downs that are more or less 
wooded yet sufficiently open to let the 
Roses have the free play of air and sun¬ 
shine. Varieties of the Dog-rose, the Field- 
rose and their allies lend themselves 
admirably to this kind of treatment. Indeed, 
her word pictures are such, we presume, as 
she may have observed in a state of nature ; 
and this will account for the beauty of 
appropriateness of many of the designs 
which she advocates. The author of the 
paper has evidently obtained some wonder¬ 
ful growth in the Scotch Rose by planting 
it in 3 ft. or 4 ft. of earth, placed between dry 
double walls 4^ ft. high, the branches of 
the Rose falling over the wall and reaching 
within a foot of the ground. That is 
certainly a plan worth imitating with or 
without modification for it is one of the 
loveliest of the wild Roses where it grows 
and flowers liberally. 
* 
Death of Mr. John McIntyre. —It is with regret 
and a feeling of great loss that we learn of the 
death on November 27th of Mr. John McIntyre, 
who was so well known as one of the foremost 
cultivators of plants. He had been for fully twenty 
years head gardener to Mrs. Gurney Pease, at 
Woodside, Darlington, and has taken leading honours 
at many of the large shows in the north of England 
and in Scotland. At the Diamond Jubilee Show 
held at Edinburgh, he secured the first prize for a 
group of plants. An illustration of this group, with 
Mr. McIntyre standing by the side of it, appeared 
in The Gardening World for November 20th, 
1897. Mr. McIntyre succumbed to pneumonia. 
Mushrooms are grown in some 3,000 caves in the 
department of the Seine, France; and 300 persons 
are employed in their culture. 
Crossing an Annual with a Perennial Sweet Pea. 
— Those who took an interest in the papers and dis¬ 
cussions that were delivered in connection with the 
Sweet Pea Conference held in July of igoo, may 
recall the debate which arose about the probability 
of a cross between the perennial Sweet Pea named 
Lord Anson's Blue and the common Lathyrus 
odoratus, or annual Sweet Pea. It was announced 
at the conference that Major Trevor Clarke had 
obtained a blue-edged variety by crossing a white 
annual Sweet Pea with the perennial variety named 
above. We do not think a satisfactory decision was 
arrived at, but similar crosses have been tried. Mr. 
H. J. Jones, of Lewisham, is in hopes that he has 
succeeded in this respect. He chose a pale lavender 
coloured annual variety, thinking that by selecting a 
colour not far removed from the blue colour of the 
perennial, his chances of success would be promoted. 
He obtained one seed from each of a number of the 
pods he manipulated and from this fact he thinks 
the desired results have been obtained; but nothing 
can be proved until the seedlings have flowered. 
The Revolution Effected by Corn. — Prof. 
Haddon, F.R.S , concludes his series of articles on 
the " Evolution of Simple Societies " in the Decem¬ 
ber Knowledge, by giving a summary of the social 
revolution accomplished by agriculture. “ Corn is 
the necessary element for large agglomerations of 
men, for complicated societies. It develops com¬ 
merce and riches. It modifies and complicates the 
conditions of cultivation. It develops manufactures 
and transport. It imposes on women their hardest 
work. It transforms horses from steeds into beasts 
of burden and draught. It brings about the com¬ 
plete substitution of a sedentary life for a nomad 
existence. It renders the appropriation of the soil 
more permanent. It further tends to restrict the 
number of proprietors. If it does not essentially 
modify the patriarchal family it makes its working 
more difficult, and leads to a selection amoDg the 
heads of families. It causes the families to be less 
necessarily self-sufficing, and to be more dependent 
on commerce. It develops intellectual culture. It 
brings about a more frequent and intimate contact 
between families belonging to different beliefs and 
admits of the contact of dissidents. It complicates 
the relations of neighbourhood by bringing residents 
and nomads face to face. * Lastly, it necessitates a 
greater development of government.” 
Laying Competition —The competition began on 
October 17th and ends February 5th. The twenty pens 
(four pallets in each) are under the management of 
Mr. G. C King, The Manor Poultry Farm, Slough. 
Prizes and specials to the value of £18 are being 
offered. Below is the result of the first and second 
month's laying. 
Pen. Breed. Eggs. Pts. Eggs. Pts. 
1st month. 2nd month. 
I. 
Faverolles (E) .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
2. 
Anconas 
0 
0 
0 
0 
3 - 
Langshans (Bb) .. 
0 
0 
2 
4 
4 - 
Houdans 
0 
0 
0 
0 
5 - 
Lines. Buffs. 
16 
30 
32 
61 
6 . 
Leghorns (Br.) .. 
0 
0 
2 
4 
7 - 
Orpingtons (Bl.). 
0 
0 
0 
0 
8. 
Leghorns (Bf.) 
28 56 
19 
38 
9 - 
Orpingtons (Bf.).. 
0 
0 
17 
34 
10. 
Leghorns (Bf.) .. 
0 
0 
3 
6 
11. 
Ply. Rocks (Ba.).. 
56 112 
22 
44 
12. 
Leghorns (Br.) .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
13 - 
Wyandottes (Bf.) 
0 
0 
0 
0 
14. 
Leghorns (Wh.) .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
- 5 - 
Wyandottes (Par.) 
0 
0 
0 
0 
16. 
Leghorns (Wh.) .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
17 
Wyandottes (S.) .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
18. 
Minorcas (Bl.) .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
19 - 
Wyandottes (Wh.) 
0 
0 
0 
0 
20. 
Minorcas (Bb.) .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
N.B.—In scoring, two points are given for every 
egg weighing over i| oz. 
The manager reports that pens Nos, 10, 12, 14, 
and 16, were not hatched early enough. That 
pens Nos. 13, 15, 17, 18, and 20 were 
apparently hatched too early for November 
laying, they having all gone into moult 
after laying a little before the competition began. 
That the majority of the birds appear to have felt 
the change. That all the pens are in good health.— 
L. W. H. Lamaison, Hon. Assistant Secretary, South- 
wold, Kenley, Surrey. 
Young Potatos have been in the market and 
shops for fully a fortnight. 
Coleus thyrsoides, at the Drill Hall on Tuesday, 
attracted considerable attention. 
Rhubarb.—Strong and beautiful Rhubard is now 
selling in Covent Garden market. 
Weather in London.—The weather for a week 
past has been drier, brighter, and colder than it was 
duriag the previous two weeks. There have been a 
number of beautiful nights, but no frost was regis¬ 
tered. 
The Gardeners’ Royal Benevolent Institution. 
—The Rt. Hon. Lord Llangattock has consented to 
preside at the 62nd Anniversary Festival Dinner of 
this charity on Wednesday, May 22nd, 1901, at the 
Whitehall Rooms, Hotel Metropole. 
National Chrysanthemum Society.—Mr. J. W. 
Moorman presided at a meeting of the Classification 
Committee of the above, on the 10th of this month, 
and dealt with a large number of incurved varieties. 
The introductions of the last few years have more 
or less all proved that a great deal more could be and 
ought to be done with incurved sorts. Size, finish 
and general richness have all been maintained and 
even improved upon. There are now plenty of good 
varieties to select from for even laree exhibition 
classes. On this occasion the following varieites 
were classified as incurved and may be shown under 
N.C.S. rules :—Annie C. Love, Comtesse d’Estoile, 
Creole, Emile Nonia, Frank Hammond, Fred Palmer, 
Fouka, Golden Mdme. Ferlat, Henry Ellis, J. 
Pearce, J. W. Wilkinson, John Carvil, L. M^de la 
Drome, Lydia, Mdme. J. Steele, Mdme. Mante, 
Mdme. Vermeul, May Bill, Mervyn Pinford, 
Miss Alice Hills, Miss F. Southam, Miss N. 
Southam, Mrs. Henry J. Jones, Mr. A. E. Stubbs, 
Mr. E. Bennett, Mr. F. King, Stephen Gomm, and 
Watteau. Certain varieties of incurved hitherto 
bracketed as too-much-alike, were, owing to exper¬ 
ience gained in trials, added to the testimony of 
experts, declared to be distinct—viz. : C. H. Curtis, 
and Major Bonaffon, Duchess of Fife, and Mrs. 
Airdie; so also in the case of the Japanese variety 
Australie, and Mr. T. CarringtoD, also classed as 
too-much-alike. These are now classed as distinct. 
Lewisham Belle (Mr. H. J. Jones) was classified as 
a true reflexed variety. 
Devon and Exeter Gardeners’ Association.— 
On Wednesday, December 12th, Mr. Henry Webber 
in the chair, the above society met in the Guildhall, 
Exeter, to hear a paper from Mr. T. Slade, of Polti- 
more Park Gardens, on the subject of “ Malmaison 
and Tree Carnations.” In his remarks on the 
culture of the Malmaison Carnations, the essayist 
advised that the plants be layered by turning the 
plants out of their pots and placing them on the 
sides in frames, sandy soil being employed as the 
compost into which the shoots should be pegged. 
The frame should be kept close until the layers were 
rooted, being shaded on very bright days and the 
plants dewed over to maintain the atmosphere 
slightly moist. When rooted, the layers should be 
lifted and potted, to be then placed in cold frames 
which must be kept closed until the plants become 
established. Pinching was recommended when 2 in. 
or 3 in. of growth had been made, and when other 
shoots had started, a shift to 4-in. or 5-in. pots should 
be given ; thereafter they would require regularly to 
be staked. Soot water and weak liquid stimulants 
are beneficial when judicially supplied, but a deal of 
care should be exercised in the use of chemical 
fertilisers. Their too free use promoted flabby 
growth and laid the plants open to attacks by 
disease. The tree Carnations as well as the Mal- 
maisons should be grown cool. The tree Carnations 
should be raised from cuttings taken in spring. The 
young plants should be pinched when about 4 in. in 
height. Slight bottom heat was recommended for 
the encouragement of roots from the cuttings. A 
house, or at least a stage in a span-roofed greenhouse, 
should be accorded to them during winter. Mr. 
Slade exhibited specimen Carnation blooms, Pelar¬ 
goniums, Clerodendrons, &c., all of which were very 
superior. A spirited discussion followed, at the con¬ 
clusion of which Mr. Slade was accorded a vote of 
thanks for his excellent paper. 
