826 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
January 19, 1901. 
Canada has 900,000,000 acres of forest and cuts 
to the value of £12,000,000 annually. 
Bird-Love —" Although the season of nidification 
is the time when birds seem the most erotic, there is 
no little evidence that a degree of mutual affection 
between birds of opposite sex often exists at other 
periods of the year,” remarks Mr. C. A. Witchell in 
the current number of Knowledge, and he gives the 
following instance, amongst others :—" Friendly 
hawks not only tolerate each other’s presence in 
autumn and winter, but sometimes indulge in bye- 
play suggestive of at least a kindly interest in each 
other. In October last, one breezy day on the 
Cotteswolds, a male and female kestrel came into 
view flying lazily. They soared and drifted some¬ 
what, and then swooped at each other more than 
once, obviously in play ; and then drifted on as 
before. At the end of November I was watching a 
pretty male kestrel searching a hillside. Presently 
across the valley came another kestrel, a female bird, 
going directly towards him. She passed in full view, 
and it was noticeable that she was not flying quite in 
the usual way, but with very rapid and ceaseless beat 
of wing, and yet not travelling at a great pace. She 
did not alter or stay her course ; but the other did 
not seem to fear her at all, and let her stoop full at 
him, as though he knew she would not hurt him. 
As a fact, she seemed to lessen her speed when 
approaching him ; for she spread her wings, and 
swung at him like that; and both birds soon after¬ 
wards settled in a tree. It seemed that by this mode 
of approach she was showing a kindly interest in her 
mate—six months before nesting-time. Her flight 
reminded me of that of an amorous lark or chaffinch.” 
Information for Emigrants.—The January cir¬ 
culars of the Emigrants’ Information Office, and the 
annual editions of the "Penny Handbooks” show 
the present prospects of emigration. Revised 
pamphlets on Ceylon and the United States have 
been issued. The notice boards are now exhibited, 
and the circulars may be obtained free of charge at 
about 6oo public libraries and institutions through¬ 
out the country. There is no demand in Canada 
during the winter season for any class of emigrants, 
except female servants. In New South Wales the 
break up of the drought last year has much improved 
the prospects of all kinds of labour. In country 
districts there is plenty of farm labour of all kinds, 
but there is a considerable demand for skilled hands; 
farmers, however, as a rule, do not offer permanent 
employment, but only during the busy seasons. 
Tnere is demand for skilled coal miners, turners, 
blacksmiths, fitters, iron-moulders, carpenters, &c. 
In Victoria there is no demand for mechanics or 
labourers, unless they are specially skilled, and 
bring a little money with them. Many unemployed 
have been provided with work during the last few 
months on railway construction, &c. In the country 
districts of South Australia there is good employ¬ 
ment for agricultural labourers, for men able to 
work binders and strippers, for boundary riders and 
for married couples without children for stations, 
but the local supply of labour is generally sufficient. 
Owing to drought and scarcity of employment in 
Queensland, emigrants, other than female servants, 
are not recommended to go there at present, unless 
they receive assis'ed or nominated passages or take 
a little money with them. Free passages have 
recently been stopped. With regard to Western 
Australia, it should be remembered that the popu¬ 
lation of the Colony is still small and the demand 
for all kinds of labour is necessarily limited. Farm 
labour is wanted at Toodyay, Geraldton, Katanning, 
York and Beverley; good unskilled labourers are 
wanted at Perth, Katanning, York, Beverley, and 
female servants are in demand in nearly all districts. 
Free farms are given to settlers. There is a good 
general demand for farm labourers in Tasmania and 
also in New Zealand. Persons are warned against 
going to South Africa at present in search of profes¬ 
sional or manual work. Recruiting for the Cape 
Mounted Riflemen has been resumed. Candidates 
must address a letter endorsed "Riflemen,” to the 
Agent-General for Cape Colony, at 112, Victoria 
Street, S.W. Candidates for the new South African 
Constabulary should apply to the Recruiting Officer, 
1, Chapel Place, Delahay Street, Westminster, 
S.W. Anyone wishing to have further particulars 
about emigration should write to the Emigrants' 
Information Office, ar, Broadway, Westminster, 
S.W. 
Newcastle-upon-Tyne Flower Show.—The show 
of the Durham, Northumberland and Newcastle- 
upon-Tyne Incorporated Botanical and Horticultural 
Society, is said to be the oldest in England, having 
run successively each year since 1824. The spring 
show this year takes place on Easter Tuesday and 
Wednesday, April 9th and 10th, 1901. The summer 
show has been arranged for Tuesday and Wednesday, 
July 23rd and 2^th, to be held at Leazes Park. H. 
Crawfora Smith, Esq., M.P., High Cross House, 
Newcastle, is again president, with Aid. Jos. Baxter 
Ellis, J.P., as chairman. Councillor John A. Baty 
is hon treasurer, and Mr. I. B. Reid, of Mosley 
Chambers, 30, Mosley Street, Newcastle, is again 
secretary 
Dundee Horticultural Association.—The syllabus 
of the above association for the session 1901 is in 
tha hands of its members. The patron is again J. 
Martin White, Esq , of Balruddery, the hon. presi¬ 
dent being Prof. E. Waymouth Reid, Conway, West 
Newport. The president elect is Mr. David Croll, 
63, Commercial Street, Dundee, while Messrs. Wm. 
Kennedy, Ardarroch Gardens; A. C. Cameron, 
Binrock Gardens; R. Cairns, Balruddery Gardens; 
Wm. Christison, Brackenbrae Gardens; and J. 
Reid, of Dudhope Gardens, fill the office of vice- 
presidents. Mr. Thos. Butchart, Elmslea Gardens, 
Dundee, occupies the position of hon. secretary; 
Mr. D. C. Hutcheson, 22, Seagate, Dundee, that of 
treasurer; and Mr. Thos. Brown, Balcairn Gardens, 
Dundee, is the librarian. There is a committee of 
fifteen, all of whom are more or less well known in 
or around Dundee. The meetings, as will be seen, 
are held once a month January 8tb, " The Trials 
of an Amateur Gardener” (with lantern illustrations), 
by Prof.E.Waymouth Reid ; February 5th, " Demon¬ 
stration in Floral Work,” by Mr. Geo. Spence, 
Florist, Union Street; March 5th, “An Evening 
with the Microscope,” by Mr. J. B. Core, Naturalist, 
Dundee; April 2nd, "Economic Bacteria," by Mr. 
T. T. Watson, Roseley Cottage, Carnoustie; May 
7th, “ Conference on Narcissi and other Spring 
Flowers,” to be opened by Mr. R. Cairns, Balrud¬ 
dery Gardens, and exhibits are requested at this and 
all the succeeding monthly meetings. On June 4th 
comes “ Hat Night ” ; July 2nd, " The Culture of 
Peaches Under Glass,” by Mr. Little, Ballindreck 
Gardens, Bridge of Earn; August 6th, “ Inter- 
Association Meeting and Conference on Small 
Fruits," to be taken part in by members from Dun¬ 
dee, Broughty Ferry, and Newport associations. 
Full representative collections are wanted. The 
syllabus further continues—September 3rd, " Notes 
on Flower Shows and Judging,” by Mr. W. Ken¬ 
nedy, Ardarroch Gardens, Dundee; October 1st, 
" Conference on Early Flowering Chrysanthemums,” 
to be opened by Mr. D. C Hutcheson, 22 and 24, 
Seagate; November 5 b, "Apples, as grown at 
Brechin Castle Gardens,” by Mr. W. McDowall, the 
gardener there; and the annual general meeting 
comes off on December 3rd. It will be admitted 
that the syllabus is of a high order of merit, and 
breaks away from the more or less restricted lines 
to which so many horticultural societies restrict 
themselves. We are very pleased to see signs of so 
encouraging a nature as are shown by the members 
of this Dundee horticultural association. Our 
Dundee friends are amongst the comparatively few 
who have the advantage of an ample and highly use¬ 
ful horticultural library in connection with their 
association. The Scottish Horticultural Association 
at Edinburgh has not even got so far, although the 
desire has long been with them. The more expen¬ 
sive books might be left over for a while, and a 
nucleus could be collected out of which the greater 
library would evolve. The Dundee collection num¬ 
bers altogether 156 books and treatises—a very re¬ 
spectable amount. It includes a great variety of 
technical subjects, and books of special value to 
Scottish gardeners are largely included. 
GARDENERS’ GRIEVANCES. 
I think Mr. Dick’s suggestion that we should 
thoroughly discuss this matter in the columns of 
The Gardening World is an excellent one. I can 
endorse every word he says anent journeymen ; but 
at the same time think that bad as their condition is, 
that of the married gardener is even less satisfactory. 
I speak principally of men compelled by circum¬ 
stances to live in small places ; and I think it will 
be admitted that they are the majority. The large 
places with good pay are like " angel’s visits.” 
There is one great mistake made by the majority of 
young gardeners, and that is the anxiety to get into 
large establishments. This, I hold, is a mistake, for 
in these large places a man is placed in a certain 
department if he proves himself to be reliable and 
an adept at that particular work ; ten chances to one 
he is kept there as long as he stays on the place. 
Even if he does get shifted to another department, 
the hunt for knowledge is a slow process. On the 
other hand young men in smaller places get their 
share of all the different work on the place, and can 
therefore much sooner claim a fair general know¬ 
ledge of the profession. I think if it were possible 
for us to have registration like some of the trades, 
such as the plumbers, there would .be a great 
improvement in our condition. What does my 
fellow readers think about that suggestion ?— C. Blair, 
Binny, Uphall, N.B. 
CYPRIPEDIUM BELLATULUM. 
As the flowering season is coming round it is well to 
be prepared with potting material for this chaste and 
pretty species ; an entirely different method of culti¬ 
vation will have to be adopted, as it does not lend 
itself quite so readily to the treatment generally 
given to Cypripediums. It is, however, of easy 
culture if the following mode of cultivation is 
followed. The potting material I find suits it best 
is a mixture of yellow loam which contains lime, 
broken into small pieces, adding crocks broken about 
the size of peas, and silver sand. The two former 
materials in equal proportions should be mixed well 
together. The pots should be carefully drained by 
placing a large crock in first, then drain to half its 
depth, and plants fixed rather firmly in the mixture 
bringing the latter to J in. of the rim of the pot. 
The plant should then be hung up in a position near 
the glass where it can have plenty of light, taking 
care that it is not overwatered. It is a plant which 
really requires but little water at any time of the 
year, more especially during the winter months. 
The best way to water is to dip the pot up to the 
rim in a bucket of water. Be careful not to wet the 
foliage. I find C. bellatulum comes true from seed. 
Intermediate house temperature suits it best.— 
George Walker, The Beeches , 43 , Circus Road, St. John's 
Wood. 
--J-- 
JASMINUM NUDIFLORUM 
Is the queen of hardy mid-winter flowering climbers. 
It is like that friend who comes alone to cheer our 
darkness when all others are thoughtlessly asleep or 
purposely absent. “ The little skies of golden stars " 
the poet is pleased to describe its beautiful clear 
yellow flowers. " The fateful bower entwined with 
golden chains of Jessamine always lends that aid 
essential to the brave," the novelist explains it. 
Who but the gardener appreciates or understands 
the sterling merits of our winter queen? This very 
mild season it is flowering most profusely, and its 
numerous buds are indicative of a continuance. 
How lovely to look upon a sheet of Jasmine stars 
basking in the moonlight, as the gardener quits his 
toil of clearing off dead leaves or working on wet 
soil, perhaps associated with Cotoneaster micro- 
phylla or placed near a bed of Christmas Roses, or 
perhaps sending its graceful arching shoots from a 
groundwork of Crataegus Fyracantha with rich 
green foliage and bunches of scarlet berries. The 
latter gives an enchanting picture when covered with 
frozen dewdrops which sparkle in many colours 
from the feeble rays of a rising sun. The Jasmine 
is at home when planted with Roses and Honey¬ 
suckle on a wall. Indeed a wall covered with these 
three yields beauty and fragrance the year round. 
The Jasmine is propagated by cuttings made from 
young medium shoots having a heel of older wood 
left at the base. They strike root freely if placed 
one-third of their length in sandy soil at the base of 
a south wall, or other sheltered position during April 
or May. -H. H. Gibson, The Gardens, Glencairn, Belfast. 
EPACRIS.” 
Plants of easier culture not requiring the same 
attention have but almost extinguished this hard- 
wooded plant. In bouquet making and other decor¬ 
ative purposes, they are superb. The long stems of 
waxy, tubular flowers, which are closely set at the 
base of the small pinnate leaves are enchanting to the 
eye. Those of a free and trailing habit are of most 
service; the other type is more of a bush habit, 
