410 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
February 28, 1901. 
Broccolis are all too forward and will suffer if 
severe frost comes. Cabbage plants are by far too 
large, and will either be injured by frost or run to 
seed. I observed the same thing in Norfolk and 
North Hants at the end of November. Turnips 
were never better; and that fine kind Orange Jelly 
is now in prime condition. Winter Onions are as 
forward as they are often at the end of April. Cab¬ 
bage Lettuces are so large on a south border that I 
shall have to protect them. Celery is very good. 
My favourite kind is Major Clark's.— J ,C.,F.,Chard. 
GILBERT S UNIVERSAL SAVOY. 
This being the time when most people are getting in 
their supply of seed, I would strongly advise every¬ 
one to give Gilbert’s Savoy a trial. It is far super¬ 
ior to the old dwarf curled. Being conical in shape, 
it throws off the rain, so stands much longer in use 
than the old dwarf and far superior in flavour, quite 
equal to Brussels Sprouts. When I was foreman at 
Arundel Castle, Gilbert was then an apprentice there. 
He was such a larking young man that I had my 
fears of him ever becoming a good gardener. How¬ 
ever, he turned out a good gardener. I called on him 
at Broughty about the time he sent out this Savoy, 
and I was much struck with it, but I neglected to ask 
him how he got it. He took great interest in the 
Brassica tribe but this is the only one which he has 
sent out worthy to hand down his name. It does 
not seem to be much known in the trade. The only 
catalogues in which I have observed it offered are 
Messrs. James Cocker & Sons, Aberdeen ; Messrs. 
Barry & Sons, Covent Garden, and Messrs. Kelway 
& Son, Somerset. I save some seed of it every year 
so as to keep it true. When living at Sandringham 
I had a pot of Backhouse’s Winter Broccoli and 
found it invaluable, but never could get it true after; 
so that it is a good plan where there is a great 
demand to supply when one gets a good thing to save 
a little seed of it occasionally.— William Carmichael, 
14, Pitt Street, Edinburgh. 
TREES AND SHRUBS SUITABLE FOR 
STOOLING. 
There is nothing more taking to the eye than trees 
and shrubs stooled, and if a proper selection is 
chosen the appearance they present throughout the 
summer months, and in some cases late in the 
autumn, with their various coloured foliage, is really 
beautiful. To those about to plant beds of shrubs, 
and who are undecided as to what they should use, 
I would suggest to them some of the following 
list. All are suitable, and with proper arrangement 
in planting, the effect produced would amply repay 
them for the labour expended 
For single specimens on lawns or planted in beds' 
by ornamental water, these plants if well grown are 
always attractive, and through the winter months, 
the stems of certain_varieties are almost as pretty as 
the foliage Most of the plants mentioned below 
are common enough now, and what is more, are inex¬ 
pensive and can be obtained from any nurseryman. 
It is not too late to plant, but the sooner they are in 
position the better. For good growth it is most im¬ 
portant that the land should be thoroughly trenched,, 
and if the soil is not satisfactory it should be made 
so with a plentiful supply of loam, which will keep 
the foliage of the variegated shrubs from burning 
should the summer be very dry. 
As regards distance in planting, 24 in. to 30 in. 
each way would be sufficient for most of them. Now, 
as to method of pruning. on no account should 
they be touched with the knife the first season. By 
the following spring there would be p'enty of root 
action, and after all severe weather is over, they 
should be cut within 4 in. from the ground. They 
will throw out several vigorous shoots, and will have 
to be cut down annually. Several of the strong 
growing Spiraeas, if treated as above, are simply 
lovely when in flower, and will often rise 5 ft. in a 
season. Those with an asterisk should be obtained 
on their own roots, otherwise there is a chance of 
the stock growing if worked plants are used:— 
Corylus Avellana purpurea, C. A. aurea, C. A. 
laciniata, Cornus Spathii aurea, C. Siberica vane- 
gata, C. alba variegata, C. Mas elegantissima, 
Sambucus nigra aurea, S. racemosa plumosa aurea 
laciniata, S. Nigra maculata, S. laciniata, Rhus 
Cotinus, R. C. atropurpurea, R. glabra laciniata, 
R typhina, Ailanthus glandulosa, Catalpa Bungei, 
C bignonioides aurea, Philadelphus coronarius 
foliis aureis, Paulownia imperialis, Koelreuteria 
paniculata, Prunus Pissardii,* Berberis Thunbergii, 
Ligustrum ovalifolium aureum, Forsythia viridissima 
variegata, Colutea arborescens, Quercus americana 
coccinea,* Ulmus campestris variegata,* Americana 
foliis aureis,* Populus bolleana, P. canadensis 
aurea, Alnus glutinosa laciniata, A. imperialis 
asplenifolia, Lirisdendron tulipifera, Neillia opuli- 
folia aurea, Spiraea arnifolia, S. lindleyana, S. 
paniculata rosea, S. Douglasii, S. nobleana, S. 
sorbifolia, S. japonica rubra, Acer Lobeli,* A. 
platanoides album variegatum,* A. p. Schwedleri,* 
Negundo aceroides variegatum, N. a. aureum,* A. 
colchicum rubrura,* A.virginianum, A. eriocarpon, 
A. striatum, A. saccbarinnm, Salix rosmarinifolia 
S. purpurea, S. vitissina, S. v. britzensis. Those 
with an asterisk are specially recommendable.— 
H. F. E. 
GARDENERS’ GRIEVANCES. 
As far as the above subject is concerned, we are not 
likely to improve it. The numerous letters which 
have appeared of late are not sufficient to prove that 
diary-keeping is a necessity, or what establishment 
improves the young gardener. I would be apt to 
think that for those who support diary writing, it is 
compulsory with them—a portion of their daily work 
to do so. Have we not all up-to-date information 
in our weekly papers in our calling ? To keep to a 
diary in gardening is ridiculous. Our crops are 
very seldom in the same stage two seasons running. 
Chrysanthemums, for example, show us they must 
be pinched and potted the day and even the hour, 
which is immovable in our friend, "the diary,’ 
whether such are in want of that treatment or not. 
Peas and Turnips sown February 14th in the past 
year, but snow and 14 0 of frost are the upshot this 
season. The substitute for our diary is the season. 
“ Young Gardener ’’ never sees the gardener in their 
small place at the top of the poll. He has only to 
look up our list of exhibitors at our promiment 
shows. Some of our finest hybrids are of their pro¬ 
duction, which are purchased by the nurserymen, 
and so on. Our friend, Mr. T. S. Dick, need not 
conjecture that I have been an unlucky one, as I 
have not had time for any mishap yet I trust some 
more of the experienced journeymen will give their 
opinion on these matters, before more need be said 
about general grievances.— A. V. M., Coltness Gar¬ 
dens. 
There is little chance of the existing grievances 
being all at once swept away, but "Rome was not 
built in a day,” and I thank and admire the writers 
who are giving us their best opinions on this subject. 
Also I think as charitably as I can of those who call 
them useless grumblings. " Never despair,” send out 
your arrow, and it may do good long after your toes 
are turned up to the roots of the Daisies. Let us 
thrust the obstacles aside and make some effort to 
swim, and not stand motionless and allow the current 
to sweep us down. Various opinions will always 
exist, but after putting the suggestion of paying 
*' John Experience ” higher than " Peter Green ” 
through the hopper of my thinking mil), I would pay 
journeymen according to their abilities, as I know 
from experience that some active fellows who take an 
interest in all they do are worth almost two of the 
slow moving machines, or ” come night come nine- 
pence sort" that after twenty years experience 
would never make active workmen. No, general 
smartness must be born in one, just as it is in the 
willing horse that never requires the whip, but pegs 
on if its master simply signs to go. I believe that 
many head gardeners have the aspirations to make 
their journeymen's pay and other comforts better, 
but have not the power of doing so ; but we must 
cry out at the proper place before we can expect any 
improvement. In some cases it may be the laird, 
and in others the factor who has the arrangements > 
unless where the head gardener has the full power to 
arrange all garden matters himself. Of course, in 
making a struggle for just rights, we must be pre¬ 
pared to get a few revolver shots, or even light 
artillery ; but surely by remedying such scandalous 
cases as “ Wullie,” Ross-shire, experienced, one 
would feel repaid as having assisted in doing a good 
work — J. C. Dich, Champfieurie Gardens, Linlithgow. 
-—- 
Japanese Oranges fall into sections when the 
peel is removed. 
FLOWERS IN THE FAR NORTH. 
Thanks for list of hardy annuals in Gardening 
World for 9th inst., which I am personally 
acquainted with, and thmk should be included in 
every collection of hardy annuals. 
But as you suggested the growing of perennials 
and biennials, it may not be out of place to here 
note a list of the perennials, biennials and annuals I 
do grow with much success. As I have been several 
times asked by friends—gardeners—what could I 
grow in the way of flowers in these exposed hills, it 
might answer both parties, if you do not think it a 
useless subject for publication. Considering that 
the garden here stands over 500 ft. above sea level, 
and exposed to all winds, especially the high west 
winds we experience here, blowing over its vast area 
of over twenty miles, without any object to break its 
severity, it will be seen that the difficulties in plant 
culture are great. 
First, I may note that there are about 350 yards 
of herbaceous borders in the garden here, some 5 ft. 
and some 8 ft. wide, and well stocked with the 
perennials, including Paeonies, Delphiniums, Pyre- 
thrums, Geraniums, Tradescantias, Hemrocallis, 
Doronicums, Campanulas, Heucheras, Tellima 
grandiflora, Lychnis, Centranthus, Veronicas, 
Aconitums,Irises, Helianthus, Anemones, Chrysanth¬ 
emums, Clematis, Funkias, Achilleas, Lilium um- 
bellatum, L. Martagon, L. tigrinum or Tiger Lily, 
Ranunculus, Centaureas, Sedums, Alstroemeria and 
Papaver orientale. As well as all of the above in 
varieties we have a number of alpine and rock 
plants, such as Primroses, Auriculas, Narcissus, 
Daffodils, &c. 
All the above give a good account of themselves. 
We have also Sweet Williams, Wallflowers, Fox¬ 
gloves, Gladiolus, Carnations and a lot of nice H.P. 
Roses and hybrid Teas out in the open, but which 
need a slight protection during winter. Crimson 
Rambler and Honeysuckle grow against a wall. 
As you suggested Sweet Peas, I may mention that 
they are a special feature of the garden, and do well 
in damp seasons. They grow 8 ft. high and bloom a 
considerably long time. As to hardy annuals, we 
grow a great number of them, as we require a lot of 
cut flowers during June, July, August and September, 
besides the usual common half-hardy annuals, such 
as Stocks, Asters, Antirrhinums, Dahlias and Calceo¬ 
larias, &c.— D. Dingwall, Badenloch, Sutherland. 
PLANTS RECENTLY CERTIFICATED. 
The awards given below were made by the Royal 
Horticultural Society on the 12th inSt. : — 
Orchid Committee- 
Odontoglossum loochristiense rochfordia- 
num. —Those who have seen it declare this to be the 
finest form of the natural hybrid between O. crispum 
and O. triumphans. The broad oval sepals are 
heavily blotched with chestnut-brown on a bright 
yellow ground. The petals have smaller blotches 
and a white centre. The lip is white with a large, 
deeply bifid chocolate blotch in front of the crest. 
(First-class Certificate ) Mr. Thomas Rochford, 
Turnford Hall Nurseries, near Broxbourne, Herts. 
Odontoglossum loochristiense coundonense. 
—The flowers of this variety are larger than the 
above, but the segments are long and narrow, and 
light yellow with bright brown blotches. The petals 
are acuminate and white with pale yellow margins. 
The lip also is white with a large, slightly bifid, 
chocolate blotch in front of the crest. (Award of 
Merit.) George Singer, Esq. (gardener, Mr. J. 
Collier), Coundon Court, Coventry. 
Cypripedium T. W. Bond Coundon Court var. 
—The dorsal sepal is orbicular, shaded with brown 
lines of darker spots along the veins. The petals 
are broadly spathulate, rose in the upper half, and 
spotted with black all over the lower half. The 
parentage of the hybrid variety was C. swanianum 
X hirsutissimum, the dorsal sepal showing the 
potency of the former, and the petals the latter 
parent. The large lip is light purple. (Award of 
Merit.) George Singer, Esq. 
Dendrobium wiganianum. —The parents of this 
hybrid were D. Hildebrandi and D. nobile, the latter 
being the pollen bearer. The sepals and petals are 
white, tipped with rosy blusb. The lip is creamy 
white with a large yellow blotch on the disc. (Award 
of Merit.) Sir Frederick Wigan, Bart, (grower, 
Mr. W. H. Young), Clare Lawn, East Sheen. 
