THE GARDENING WORLD 
537 
April 20, 1901. 
Jerusalem Artichokes did not come from Jeru¬ 
salem, but from America. 
“ The TraYelling Partner.”—Smith’s Advertising 
Agency, ioo, Fleet Street, E.C., have issued the first 
number of an intert sting little quarterly under the 
above natEe. It is a book for advertisers and 
business men. They invite all those requiring 
information regarding advertising to communicate 
with them, when they will be answered free of 
charge. The unique experience of nearly a quarter 
of a century will be requisitioned in dealing with all 
queries submitted. If the subsequent numbers are as 
instructive and interesting as the first issue it will 
prove a very valuable publication. 
United Horticultural Benefit and Proyident 
Society.—The monthly committee meeting of this 
society was held at the Caledonian Hotel, Adelphi 
Terrace, Strand, on Monday evening last, Mr. C. 
H. Curtis in the chair. The minutes of the last 
meeting were read and confirmed. Two new mem¬ 
bers were elected. Nine members are on the sick 
fund, and five on the benevolent fund. It was pro¬ 
posed and seconded and unanimously resolved that 
a chairman and vice-chairman of committee be 
elected annually, at the first meeting after the annual 
general meeting. Mr. C. H. Curtis was elected 
chairman, and Mr. Winter vice-chairman for the 
ensuing year. It was proposed and seconded, and 
resolved that i,ooo agenda forms be printed, and 
that estimates be asked for from firms mentioned, 
for the printing of the same. It was unanimously 
resolved that the secretary’s salary for the past 
quarter be paid. Other items of business were dis¬ 
posed of, and a vote of thanks to the chairman 
ended the meeting. 
The Swanley Horticultural College.—We have 
before us the annual report of the above institution 
and note with interest the vast strides it is making, 
the number of students having steadily increased to 
eighty-three Owing to the increasing demand for 
women as gardeners, an additional house has been 
opened to accommodate the number undergoing 
training, and another is to be opened this spring. 
Five women who received training in this college 
were appointed to the position of head gardeners 
during last year. For the fourih time since 1895, 
a student from the Swanley College has gained the 
distinction of obtaining the highest number of marks 
in the Royal Horticultural Society’s Examination. 
The Gold Medal was awarded to Miss E. Welthin 
Winlo, who obtained the maximum number of 
marks. This is a high di.tinction for the college as 
the examination is open to public competition, and 
233 candidates were classed. There were thirty- 
six candidates from Swanley and thirty-five of these 
obtained a First-class Certificate, and one a Second- 
class. Miss Winlo also obtained a certificate in 
the British Bee Keepers’ Association Examination, 
a First-class in the advanced stage for principles of 
agriculture,and a First-class in advanced botany. Mr. 
M. Wilson obtained the Queen’s Prize for advanced 
botany, and Mr. J. Grime a Scholarship at the Royal 
College of Science. 
Gentlemen Gardeners.—The following appeared 
recently in a daily contemporary:—“It is a great sur¬ 
prise now all professions are choked up that young 
men of good families are not encouraged as gentle- ' 
men gardeners. The profession is an honourable 
one, it dates from Adam, it is a pleasant one, and a 
good man rises rapidly. He becomes an employer 
of labour, and his services command a good price in 
the market. A college for gentlemen's sons, some¬ 
thing on the principle of Lady Warwick’s Hostel at 
Reading for lady gardeners, to learn gardening 
might be a success, and fill a want at home and 
abroad. How many of us would be thankful to 
have our gardens managed by gardeners who have 
taste as well as art.’’ It looks very nice in print, 
but all must agree that they are off the track when 
they talk of the services commanding a high price in 
the market; for how many thoroughly good gar¬ 
deners are ekiDg out a miserable existence on less 
than £1 a week, awaiting an appointment, and then 
olten glad to clutch at a 30s. chance. If they 
think that gardening can be taught in a year or 
two from books in a college they are greatly 
deceived. It is an art that requires a life long study, 
and a man, after he has applied himself diligently to 
his work for ten or twelve years, can only be said to 
know the chief outlines of his profession, for it is 
really inexhaustible. 
Cereals are so-called from Ceres, the goddess of 
Corn. 
National Sweet Pea Society.—A meeting of the 
general committee was held at the Hotel Windsor, 
when the executive committee presented their recom¬ 
mendations regarding the schedule of prizes. The 
schedule and rules were passed, and will be printed 
and distributed at the earliest date possible. The 
show is to be held at the Royal Aquarium on Thurs¬ 
day and Friday, July 25th and 26th. Mr. H. J. 
Wright was appointed general secretary, Mr. R. 
Dean, exhibition secretary, and Mr. N. N. Sherwood, 
treasurer. The society has received the promise of 
a substantial amount of financial support. 
Hybrid Nympheas.—In an article appearing in the 
Garden of January 19th last, dealing with the subject 
of the “ Origin of the Hybrid Nympheas,” F. W. 
Burbidge makes the following rather startling 
announcement :—" So far as I know but few, if any, 
seedlings are raised in America from American-sown 
seed, and there is a wonderful Marliacean 1 look ’ or 
appearance about some of the so-called American 
seedling Water Lilies.” Mr. Burbidge evidently 
needs some enlightenment, and this our Water Lily 
experts are no doubt in a position to supply.— The 
Florists' Exchange. 
Lady Gardeners in Brittany —It is a curious 
story about Lady Warwick and her lady horticul¬ 
turists which is now going the rounds of the press. 
The Countess, we are told, is responsible for an 
official scare all along the coast of Brittany. The 
lady gardeners turned out by her classes have been 
trying to buy small plots in that country near the 
mouths of rivers, whence their produce might be 
marketed cheaply. They have even offered fancy 
prices for holdings not in the market. Nothing is 
known in France of Lady Warwick’s educational 
zeal, or of the reasons why her pupils have found it 
difficult to buy land to their minds in England; and 
so there is an official circular to the notaries of sea 
coast departments instructing them to draft no more 
deeds of sale to foreigners, and to give an account of 
all such deeds drafted during the last ten years. For 
all that can be seen, Lady Warwick’s young ladies 
may be preparing an English invasion. 
Self-protecting Leaves.—Mr. Lloyd Praeger 
writes in the April number of Knowledge an Instruc¬ 
tive article on Flowering Plants. An insight into 
the multiple methods by which leaves are protected 
against the elements, is given by the following 
passage :—“ The typical leaf has its upper surface 
built of strong closely-placed cells, to offer a stout 
resistance to rain and hail, and to frost or overpower¬ 
ing sun heat. In hot dry weather, when great 
evaporation is taking place, the plant can close up 
all its stomata—shut down, so to speak, all the 
sluices by which the water employed to convey dis¬ 
solved salts from root to leaf is allowed to escape, 
and thus retain an abundant water supply in spite of 
parching heat. But in arid ground, such as sandy 
wastes or sea beaches, further protection against 
over-transpiration may be desirable, and this is fre¬ 
quently effected by impervious varnish-like layers 
on the upper surface of the leaves, or by dense cover¬ 
ings of hairs. Layers of impermeable corky cells in 
the epidermis or skin of the leaves are also frequently 
to be found in plants liable to excessive transpiration. 
Such impermeable leaves are beautifully developed 
in plants like the Stonecrops, which, growing in dry 
ground and on rocks, and being liable to long con¬ 
tinued drought, store up in their leaves a copious 
water supply. Such reservoir leaves are greatly 
developed in the plants of desert countries. Protec¬ 
tion against the often fatal effect of frost is likewise 
afforded by a thickening of the cuticle of leaves, and 
especially by felt-like coverings of hairs. In some 
noteworthy cases protection against cold is effected 
by means of movement on the part of the leaves. 
The most familiar examples occurring among our 
native plants are furnished by the trifoliate leaves of 
many of the Clover family. As evening approaches, 
the Clovers and their allies fold their three leaflets 
together by means of an upward movement; the 
juxtaposition of the leaflets retards loss of heat, and 
the vertical position which they thus assume has the 
same effect, tending to check the radiation of heat to 
the cold sky overhead. The Wood Sorrel, which, 
though of a quite different order, has leaves which 
resemble those of the Clovers, effects the same object 
by folding its leaflets doivnwards." 
The Irony of Things !—" Iceberg, an American 
Blackberry said to have white fruits.” 
Agricultural Land to the extent of 5,000,000 
acres has been purchased by the Mormons in 
Mexico. 
Strawberries at Goomalling.—Specimens of 
Marguerite Strawberries have, according to the 
Journal 0] the Department of Agriculture of Western 
Australia for December, been successfully grown by 
Mr. F. F. Rose, Hope Farm, Goomalling. Fruits 
were sent to the Agricultural Department, and 
arrived in capital condition. The note in the 
Journal mentions that this is probably the furthest 
east that Strawberries have ever been grown in the 
western colony. The fact is of special interest as 
showing the warm conditions under which the 
Strawberry can be successfully grown and fruited. 
Whether the stock will retain its vigour remains to 
be seen, but no doubt varieties adapted to the 
environs will accrue. 
The Composition of Marmalade.—Mr. T. 
Jameson, public analyst to the city of Aberdeen, in 
his quarterly report to the Corporation, says The 
Fruiterer, raises the question of genuineness of a 
sample of marmalade, the fruit of which was found 
to contain nearly one half of Apples. By having 
Apples in the marmalade the purchasers are misled, 
ds it is generally regarded that marmalade should 
consist of Oranges, and these only. Basing his 
definition of marmalade as given in the dictionaries, 
the seller in this case contended that he was 
entitled to use any bitter fruit he liked in the manu¬ 
facture of marmalade. It appears that the term 
“marmalade” came originally from Portugal, 
where marmalade was chiefly made from Oranges, 
but sometimes from Quinces. It seems desirable, 
however, that the public, both buyer and seller, 
should be made aware of the position of the matter 
for future guidance. 
-- 
CORONILLA GLAUCA. 
This beautiful early spring flowering plant should 
be in every collection, coming into flower 
early without forcing, while it keeps up a 
succession of bloom for a considerable time. Its 
pleasant perfume is also a recommendation. The 
same plants will do service for many years. Pruned 
back after they have done flowering, and, after they 
have started again, potted on, they will make good 
growth out of dosrs during summer. To keep the 
plants in shape they may be stopped back two or 
three times during the season. Although old plants 
are serviceable, some young stock should be propa¬ 
gated annually. Cuttings taken from plants which 
have been cut back early in the season will root 
freely in moist pans of silver sand, and placed in a 
brisk bottom heat. Young plants require stopping 
frequently, and if grown in a cool place during the 
summer and kept from frost during the winter, they 
will make good plants for flowering in 5-in. pots the 
second year. A very good way is to propagate a 
dozen or two every year and you will find them 
more useful than Genistas. It is very seldom this 
plant gets the attention that it should get; and if 
once seen grown well, it will always be a favourite in 
future.— T. S. Dick, Castlemilk, Lockerbie. 
APPLE “ WELLINGTON.” 
This valuable Apple is extensively grown in this 
country and ranks amongst the most useful, being of 
good size, a free cropper, a splendid cooker, and 
also one our best late keepers. It is also known 
under the names of Dumelow’s seedling and Norman- 
ton Wonder. This combination of good qualities 
should at once make it a general favourite were it 
not for the fact that it is extremely liable to canker. 
For this reason only it has been discarded by many 
large growers in favour of other varieties, without 
this drawback, but in other points unequal to it. It 
has been proved beyond all doubt that by the simple 
process of double grafting all tendency to canker can 
be averted and the small amount of extra trouble is 
fully repaid by the result. Warner's King is used 
for the first graft, the stock being the English Para¬ 
dise, which is much to be preferred as it has a great 
affinity for Warner’s King, is surface rooting and 
greatly facilitates fruitfulness. When a good union 
