June 15, 1901 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
671 
require the same treatment as the other perennial 
Campanulas. A more refined, pure, and graceful 
flower could not be wished for. 
Saxifraga sarmentosa. —This is a welcome 
plant in every greenhouse, whether in flower or out, 
for at all seasons it is pretty. When in flower it 
makes a wonderfully attractive display. It is at the 
present time in full bloom, and is the pride of many 
greenhouse holders. It is easily grown, and can be 
readily propagated by division of the plants early in 
the spring. It requires plenty of light and a 
temperature that does not go above the ordinary 
greenhouse heat. It is very impatient of heat, and 
soon goes wrong if kept in too warm a house. 
Achimenes, —These pretty little gesneraceous 
plants are now in the midst of their flowering season, 
and are giving a touch of colour to many green¬ 
houses and conservatories. The flowering period 
may be greatly extended by keeping the old blooms 
picked off and gently stimulating the plants at the 
root. They like a light, airy position, and must not 
be overwatered.— C. 
fiardp Fruit Garden. 
There is not much that requires attention in 
this department at this time of the year. Thinning 
and regulating the shoots on wall fruit trees must be 
carefully and systematically carried out, and their 
roots never allowed to get dry or the fruit will drop 
as the result. 
Strawberries. —Where they have not received 
sufficient water from the rain, they must have it 
applied by hand immediately, or the fruit will not 
set properly, and will be small and of inferior 
quality if allowed to receive the least check. 
Runners that are not required should be taken off in 
the early stages of growth to avoid waste of 
energy. To obtain good runners for forcing pur¬ 
poses, many gardeners pick the blooms off the new 
beds and only let the plants produce about two 
runners ; by this means the runners prove of excep¬ 
tional strength and vigour, as the parent plant had 
no fruit to drain away the nutriment. Some com¬ 
mend this principle, others condemn it; I have seen 
both plans resorted to, and certainly where the 
waste of space for an unprofitable bed can be spared, 
I should choose runners from plants that were not 
exhausted by fruit bearing. Many people err when 
they throw away plants which have been forced, 
thinking they are no more good. If they are care¬ 
fully hardened off again and judiciously fed with a 
little weak manure and then planted out into a well 
manured and worked piece of ground, they will pro¬ 
duce a heavy crop of fruit the following season, 
often surpassing in excellence the crop borne on a 
bed of young plants. After the fruit has been 
gathered, it is the rule with many gardeners to leave 
the plants to take care of themselves. It is during 
this period that the following season’s fruit crop is 
very often spoilt by the plant’s constitution being 
impaired through being choked by weeds or suffer¬ 
ing from some other avoidable cause. 
Young Trees. —These must not be neglected, for 
if not properly trained now, and a good foundation 
made, it never can be done. Trees that are to be 
trained against walls, &c., must be carefully regu¬ 
lated and trained by nailing in the shoots in their 
proper positions. They should be encouraged into 
growth by frequent waterings. 
Thinning Fruit. —This is too often neglected, 
especially with Plums, which have the habit of pro¬ 
ducing a heavy crop one year, followed by an 
extremely poor one the next. If the fruit is care¬ 
fully thinned when it is produced in such large 
quantities, the tree will bear a good crop the follow¬ 
ing year, whereas if the excessive drain on the tree’s 
resources is allowed to take place one year, it takes 
all the next season to recuperate its strength again. 
Not only is the crop thus regulated, but the fruit 
that is produced is of a superior quality.— F.J. 
Meanings fcum flje 
of Science. 
The subjects given below were discussed by the 
Scientific Committee of the Royal Horticultural 
Society on June 4th. 
Before commencing the usual business the chair¬ 
man said he had a very pleasant duty to perform 
which was to present the visitor, Sir G. King, with 
the Victorian Medal of Honour. Sir George King 
expressed the great pleasure of receiving it, but con¬ 
sidered himself as not worthy of that honour, a 
sentiment unanimously disavowed by all the mem¬ 
bers present. 
Schinus Molle with Galls.—Mr. Robert New- 
,stead reported as follows upon the specimens sent 
by Dr. Bonavia from San Remo :—“ The insects 
upon the shoot are a species of adult female Cero- 
plastes, and I think C. Rusci, Linn, which is the only 
known Palaearctic species of the genus. The insect 
is one of the most beautiful of the coccidae.” 
Cherry Fruits and Caterpillars.—Specimens 
sent from the Chiswick Gardens showed some 50 per 
cent, of fruits attacked. The insect being within the 
calyx, this protects them from insecticides. Mr. 
Saunders reported as follows upon them :—" The 
young Cherries from the Society's Gardens at 
Chiswick were attacked by the caterpillars of a 
small moth, Argyresthia ephippella, one of the 
Tineina. As to the destruction of this insect, where 
it is possible, cutting off and immediately burning 
the infested bunches of blossom is a very effective 
method. I cannot find any account of the life 
history of this insect, so am uncertain in what con¬ 
dition, or where it passes the winter. If it be either 
in the egg or chrysalis state attached to the bark of 
the stem or branches, a good remedy would be 
spraying with a caustic alkali wash some time after 
the leaves have fallen, and before the buds show any 
signs of opening in the spring. If the chrysalides be 
formed in the ground, a good dressing of lime applied 
to the surface early in the spring would probably 
prevent the moths from reaching the open air. 
Spraying the fruit would not be of any use, as the 
insecticide would not reach the caterpillar inside.” 
Raspberry buds attacked by Caterpillars.— 
Mr. A. Gaut of the Yorkshire College, Leeds, sent 
the following communication :—“ Enclosed you will 
find some Raspberry buds containing caterpillars of 
the Raspberry stem bud caterpillar (Lampronia 
rubiella, Bjerk), which you might think your com¬ 
mittee would like to see and notice. In and around 
Garforth, about seven miles east of Leeds, upwards 
of 100 acres of Raspberries are grown for market 
purposes, and in some years this attack is a very 
serious one, as was the case last year, 1900. I 
visited the grounds then during the months of April, 
May, and June, and noticed the caterpillars, pupae, 
and little moths in immense quantities, and in some 
of the Raspberry grounds the canes had the appear¬ 
ance as if they had been very much injured by frost- 
This entailed great loss to the growers. On April 
20th, I took a walk through sev eral of the grounds 
and noticed large quantities of the little scarlet 
caterpillars crawling up the stems, and very many 
within the buds, and I naturally expected a very 
serious attack again this year, but fortunately owing 
to the warm weather we have experienced during the 
past week the young buds and shoots have made 
such rapid progress that they have grown away from 
the attack, and although the caterpillars are still 
present in immense quantities, the crop will not be 
so much affected. I notice that it is in cold, late 
springs we get the worst attacks. Some of the more 
intelligent growers do not suffer so much, as they 
take the precaution to mulch the ground with soil 
containing some insecticide, or dress the ground 
about the stools with soot or lime during the winter 
months, and it is curious that those who follow the 
old practice of digging amongst the canes in winter 
also escape fairly well. I am doing all I can in the 
way of advice, but it is difficult to get many to 
follow it, and where there are so many growers it 
is impossible to get them all to combat this attack 
at one and the same time, as should be the case." 
Fungus on Wood.—Mrs. Floyer sent a specimen 
of an orange-coloured wool-like mycelium, observing 
that ” it grows on the wooden posts put to protect 
visitors in the interior of Poole’s Cavern, Buxton. 
It occurs many yards inside, where no light except 
that of an occasional gas-jet can reach it." Dr. M. 
C. Cooke reported upon it as follows:—*• The sub¬ 
stance you send has long been known and noted 
under the name of Ozonium aureum, and classed 
with fungi; but it is only an incomplete or imperfect 
stage, analogous to Rhizomorpha. It is supposed to 
represent the mycelium of some one or more of 
woody Polypori, and possibly of.Fomes fomentarius ; 
this is, however, of small importance. It is an in¬ 
complete fungus, and will attack living trees, es¬ 
pecially about the roots, and ultimately kill them." 
Pelargonium dissociation.—Mr. Wilks exhi¬ 
bited a truss from a plant which normally bears 
bright red-crimson flowers ; but it had three 
blossoms of a pale pink-mauve tint, probably a re¬ 
version to an ancestral parent, such as P. grandi- 
florum, one of the original sources of the modern 
composite hybrid of Fancy Pelargoniums. 
Podisoma on Juniper.—A branch bearing this 
fungus was received from Mr. W. H. Divers, Belvoir 
Castle Gardens. It is dimorphic, and produces the 
other form, known as Roestelia lacerata, on the Haw¬ 
thorn. 
Rose leaf discoloured.—Mr. Saunders showed 
leaves from a Marie Van Houtte Rose growing at 
Oxford. It was planted in 1899, and did fairly well 
in 1900. This year ajl the leaves are variegated, 
much resembling those of the Japanese Honeysuckle. 
It was difficult to pronounce as to a cause, but some¬ 
thing in the soil was suggested as likely to produce 
it. He also showed a stem of Rosa rugosa with a 
gall-like growth formed just above the level 
of the earth. The plant was one in a Rose 
hedge composed of R. rugosa and Aimee Vibert. 
Several of the plants are affected in the same way. 
It appears to resemble a bacterial disease that attacks 
Raspberry canes in the United States, known as 
" root or crown gall." The Rose was grown at 
Micheldever, Hampshire. Mr. Worsdell undertook 
to examine it. He also exhibited a Tulip showing a 
bulbil in the axil of a leaf on the flower stem. 
Cepholotaxus Fortunei malformed.—Mr. 
Worsdell exhibited drawings of proliferous conditions 
of the female flowers of this tree. These form really 
an inflorescence of bracts with two ovules, the latter 
being another shoot. Both the main axis and the 
floral axis were proliferous. The question arose as 
to whether this was the result of an impediment to 
the circulation through strangulation, to which the 
tree was subjected, or to non-pollination. 
Miltonia macropetalum —Mr. Chapman 
showed a fine flowering plant, remarkable for having 
the lateral petals marked like the labellum. It had 
exhibited this peculiarity for eight years, and plants 
raised by offsets from it bore the same abnormal 
flowers. 
Tulip, Malformed.—Mr. O’Brien exhibited a 
Parrot Tulip, in which the bracts and outer perianth 
leaves were partly green and partly yellow, exhibit¬ 
ing a not uncommon struggle between the " vegeta¬ 
tive ” and “ reproductive" energies. 
Aroid with Flies.—Mr. Bowles exhibited a large- 
spathed Aroid, the contracted part of the spathe 
being full of dead flies (Lucilia Caesar). These had 
previously laid eggs, the grubs of which had lived in 
the decayed mass. It was somewhat difficult to 
explain how cross fertilisation could be secured, or 
insects born within the spathe could escape. 
Peach Leaves, Diseased,—Samples were re¬ 
ceived from Mr. Fowler, which Dr. Cooke undertook 
to examine. 
Crinum Hybrid.—Mr. Worsley showed a fine 
bloom with a rose-coloured perianth of C. scabrum 
X C. Moorei. 
Tomato Leaves Proliferous.—Dr. Bonavia 
sent some examples of this not uncommon peculi¬ 
arity. It was the variety Orchard's No. 1. Dr. 
Bonavia regards the leaf as a modified branch, but 
the anatomical structure of the petiole is not that of 
a stem, but of the usual kind in petioles, having a 
horse-shoe like section of the fibro-vascular bundles 
with two extra cords above on either side of the 
superior groove. The leaves had been shortened, 
and the abnormal buds grew out as a consequence 
from the axils of the leaflets. The inflorescence 
appears to terminate in a leaf with an axillary bud, 
but this latter is really the terminal bud being dis¬ 
placed by the vigour of the leaf. Mr. P. Duchartre 
was the first to describe proliferous Tomatos, It 
occurred particularly in the true species, Lycopersi- 
cum cerasiforme, Dun, less so in L. pyriforme, Dun, 
and only in the hybrid L. esculentum when the 
leaves had been cut. He says the proliferous state 
was practically habitual in the yellow variety of the 
first named species The new bud arises from the 
axil of the leaflet, and a vascular connection is made 
with the upper end of the “ horse-shoe ; ’’ the cords 
are very sinuous at first, but soon form a perfect 
cylinder, of an oval form in section, which then runs 
up the stem of the new bud. 
