July 6, 1901. 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
719 
Doronicums. —The gardener is often, as he terms 
it, at his wit’s end to find a plant suitable for decora¬ 
ting dry banks, &c. I advise him to try the Doroni- 
cnm or Leopard’s Bane, for nothing can beat it for 
effect on dry soils for profusion of bright flowers. It 
is a good plant for a number of purposes, and does 
not seem quite so fastidious as many of his relatives 
as to what soil it is planted in. It makes a splendid 
effect when planted in the mixed border, especially 
D. plantagineum excelsum, often known under the 
syn. Harpur Crewe. 
Celsia cretica. — This handsome N. African 
plant is too often confined to the greenhouse where 
many of its good qualities are hidden. If treated as 
an annual and planted on a sunny border it is doubly 
effective to what it is when cramped up in a pot and 
on a formal stage. 
Buphthalmum speciosum. —This is another plant 
which is seen to the best advantage either when 
massed in the shrubbery border or when isolated in 
clumps in the grass of the pleasure grounds. It is 
bold, free and perfectly hardy and possesses hand¬ 
some yellow flowers with very dark centres. 
Helicodiceros crinitus. —This is a very unique 
plant and should be grown in every garden. Some 
might designate it as beautiful, but I prefer to term it 
interesting and curious. It is bound to attract 
attention wherever grown. The flower is very 
peculiar and owing to its form is often called the 
Dragon’s-mouth. The leaves are deeply cut and 
prettily marbled with black and purple. It is easily 
propagated by the division of the tubers and makes 
a very suitable plant for the outsides of beds of 
tropical plants. 
Arum italicum is another very pretty plant of 
this Cuckoo Pint order and makes a good effect 
when in clumps on the borders. It produces some 
very bright berries in the autumn which remain on 
the plant for a considerable time after the leaves 
have died down. Both of these plants are readily 
propagated by offsets which they produce in 
abundance. 
Lilium giganteum. —This is, I think, without 
exception the best of the hardy Lilies and when in 
bloom with its flowers often borne io ft. in the air 
it defies description. It is often difficult to grow, 
but when once it is in a suitable position there is no 
more trouble with it. It likes a rich soil but not 
one which has been recently manured, nor one that 
is too wet and heavy. It does well amongst dwarf 
open shrubs, which protect the young shoots from 
the cold winds of spring. It is a long time before it 
blooms when raised from seed, and even when propa¬ 
gated by offsets,generally several years elapse before it 
throws up a flower spike. A good spike will produce 
from ten to a dozen flowers,which are white with the 
throat suffused with purple.— P.R. 
KitcQen Garden calendar. 
One of the chief things that demand attention at 
this time of the season is the planting out of winter 
greens, etc., as the ground becomes cleared of early 
crops. 'Watering is demanding a lot of time, 
especially where the gardens are so unfortunate as 
to not have the water laid on. Do not be misled by 
showers, for unless there is a heavy downpour for 
some time, they do not reach the roots. The recent 
apparently heavy showers round the London district 
have not done much good to deep rooting plants, for 
on examination the soil was found to be quite dry at 
a depth of 2 in. 
Cabbages may be planted out and seed sown for 
the spring crop. If they are sown later they have a 
tendency to bolt just when they should heart. 
Endive. —The sowings for winter use should now 
be begun and a succession kept up. 
Chards, —Some people are very fond of these. If 
they intend to prepare any, the plants should be 
cut down at once to within 6 in. of the soil and 
encourage new growth. This will produce a large 
supply of shoots for blanching about September. 
Strawberries. —In places where new beds are to 
be made or plants are required for forcing a lot of time 
is required for pegging down the runners and trimm¬ 
ing up the plants so that they may not waste their 
energy on making useless growth. If the pots are 
not kept watered they will soon dry up and when in 
an exposed position they often require watering 
several times a day, which time can be ill afforded 
during the present rush of work ; but if success is to 
be obtained they should never be neglected. It is a 
very good plan to renew part of the bed every year 
so as to save any noticeable break when it requires 
renewing. 
Leeks may still be planted out, but will require a 
manured trench now, such as is given to Celery 
plants, or they will not thrive. If the weather holds 
dry Leeks are more liable to suffer than many other 
crops so they must receive careful attention. 
Peas are suffering considerably in the south, 
especially those which are just in their growing sea¬ 
son. Unless rain falls in large quantities, or the 
roots can be mulched and soaked, failure is 
inevitable. 
Parsley should be sown for winter use in a good 
soil and sheltered position. 
Turnips may still be sown in quantity for 
succession, watering the beds if need be, till germin¬ 
ation has taken place. 
Spinach. —This valuable winter vegetable should 
now be sown. A great mistake is often made by 
sowing it in soils which have recently been 
enriched by fresh manure. Spinach will not grow 
satisfactorily where the soil is full of manure. What 
it requires is a rich light soil which has recently 
been cleared of some other crop. The soil should 
be well turned up a time or two if it has borne a 
crop of Spinach recently, to expose the Spinach 
grub which often proves very destructive. Birds, 
especially the robin, have a special liking for these 
grubs and will soon pick them out if brought to the 
surface. 
Potatos. — Everyone likes new Potatos, or the 
majority of people do. If a set of quick growing 
varieties is now made they will produce a crop of 
new Potatos late in the season when they will be 
very welcome. 
©leanings fqtmt f^e Dmilh 
of Science. 
The undermentioned subjects were discussed at the 
meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society on the 
18th inst. 
Abies hybrids. — Dr. Masters exhibited four 
specimens, all different, the result of a cross between 
A. Pinsapo and A. nordmanniana, and one specimen 
between Picea alcockiana (or ajanensis ?) and P. 
nigra, var. Doumeti. This is remarkable for having 
the stomata on the upper side of the leaf, in correla¬ 
tion with the habit of the leaves lying horizontally 
with the upper surfaces downwards. The paper will 
be published in full in the Society’s Journal. 
Cornflowers diseased. — Mr. J. Laws sent speci¬ 
mens of Centaurea Cyanus badly afflicted with 
“rust.” Dr. Cooke reported upon it as follows:— 
11 Plants of Centaurea Cyanus, covered with rusty 
spots on leaves and stems, were sent to the Com¬ 
mittee in a deplorable condition. This fungus, as 
far as present experience goes, is the same as that 
which attacks Chrysanthemums, and is called Uredo 
Hieracii. Plants in the condition sent should at 
once be rooted up and burnt. It will be well under¬ 
stood how dangerous it would be to have such a pest 
in the neighbourhood of Chrysanthemums, and pro¬ 
bably others of the Compositae, to say nothing of the 
Cornflowers themselves.” 
Potamogeton crispum.— Mr. Mark Webster 
described a pond infested by this Pondweed. 
Cutting it down with a scythe, as practised, would 
only tend to propagate it still more. Mr. Correvon 
observed that the only method, as adopted in Geneva, 
to keep the Water Thyme, Elodea canadensis, in 
check, was to clear out the pond once in three years. 
Other members suggested the introduction of water 
snails, especially Lymnaea stagnalis and species of 
Planorbis. 
Dendrobium dimerous. —Mr. R. Young of 
Liverpool sent a flower having only two petals and 
two sepals, a not uncommon form. 
British Orchids. —Mr. Bowles sent specimens of 
Liparis Loeseli, as well as both white and pale varie¬ 
ties of Otchis latifolia var. incarnata, from Horning, 
Wroxham. The former is interesting, as showing 
the commencement of the inversion of the lip in 
Orchids generally. This petal is in Liparis, at first 
erect and posterior, but then lies flat, so that an 
insect readily stands upon it. In Ophrys the lip 
becomes pseudoanterior, by the flower simply bend¬ 
ing over to the opposite side of the plant, In other 
Orchids the falsely anterior position is due to a twist 
of the pedicel, as in Listera, or else of the inferior 
ovary, as in Orchis. Mr. Bowles observes that the 
“Liparis is still plentiful at Horning, but owing to 
its dwarf stature, and the boggy nature of the ground 
in which it grows, it is easily overlooked. It thrives 
wonderfully well in an artificial bog made of Jadoo 
in my rock garden. The white form of O. latifolia 
is very abundant, large patches sometimes occurring. 
Listera ovata (Twayblade) and Ophioglossum vulga- 
tum also occur in a ‘ dancing bog,’ and grow very 
large. I also send an albino Pedicularis palustris.” 
Tomatos attacked by fungus. —Mr. G. E. 
Day sent specimens diseased with Macrosporium 
Lycopersici. It was in the young state. The best 
remedy is spraying with Bordeaux mixture. 
Asplenium Trlchomanes, var — Mr. Druery 
showed a plant of this Fern, which had several fronds 
partially bipinnate. It was found in Wales. It was 
interesting as exemplifying an attempt of a normally 
pinnate species to assume the form of an exotic one. 
The variety so far did not approach the incised 
section, which varies on quite different lines. 
Papaver Rhoeas, var. —Mr. Druery also showed 
flowers of a Poppy having an intense crimson colour, 
a native of Asia Minor. They were raised from seed 
brought from Smyrna, and have been growing 
spontaneously in a garden for two years at Acton. 
Each petal had a small black spot or line at the 
base. 
Peach blister. —Dr. Bonavia sent leaves badly 
attacked by this common disease, Exoascus de¬ 
formans. 
Apple bark tendrils. —Mr. F. Marsh Read sent a 
piece of Apple bark covered with golden twisted 
threads. He observes that “ the main stem for 
about 6 ft. from the soil is ‘ ribboned ' with it.” Dr. 
Cooke reports upon it as follows :—“ Portions of the 
bark of living Apple trees were sent for information. 
The bark was covered with long yellow tendrils or 
filaments, thin as a hair, and much contorted and 
interwoven together, presenting a very singular and 
conspicuous appearance. Upon examination a 
number of compound cells may be seen in the bark, 
each with an external orifice, from which the golden 
tendrils protrude. These tendrils are composed of 
myriads of very minute conidia, or spore-like bodies, 
adhering to each other as they exude, and are at 
first soft and flexile, but soon, on becoming dry, the 
tendrils are brittle and horny, or hair-like, variously 
twisted and contorted, little thicker than a human 
hair. The number of very minute spore-like bodies 
composing each tendril must be enormpus (each five 
micromillemeters long, and slighdy curved). The 
fungus has long been well known on pomaceous trees, 
but we have not met with it before upon living bark. 
It is known as Cytospora carphosperma. Later on 
the same pustules are occupied by a sphaeriaceous 
fungus, which is believed to be the ultimate develop¬ 
ment of this dimorphous organism, and in this con¬ 
dition each pustule consists of a few ^flask-like con- 
ceptacles or perithecia; with rather long converging 
necks. These perithecia enclose numerous delicate 
cylindrical sacs, or asci, each containing eight 
sausage-shaped sporidia (16 — 18 x 3-4 mm.), nearly 
of the same shape as the minute conidia, but many 
times larger, in which condition the^fungus is known 
as Valsa ambiens, and has been found on Pear and 
Apple, but also on Maple, Beech, Hazel, Alder, Plum 
and Cherry, Elm, Oak, Hawthorn, Poplar, Chestnut, 
Lime, and even on Rose. Hence it is widely diffused 
and well known. It would be a dangerous enemy if 
once it became established as a parasite on living 
fruit trees. The mature condition may be found late 
in the autumn, in the winter, and the early spring.” 
Gloire de Dijon Rose proliferous —Mr. Chap¬ 
man exhibited flowers having their centres occupied 
by a green tuft of leaves, &c. He observes that of 
about two dozen plants, the whole of the flowers this 
year and for several years previously have developed 
the peculiarity. 
Birch tree bark diseased. — Mr. A Walker, of 
The Croft, Needham Market, Suffolk, sent some 
specimens, which Mr. Saunders undertook to 
examine. 
Cattleya Mendelii malformed. — Flowers were 
sent by Sir Trevor Lawrence, as well as of Odonto- 
glossum, which Dr. Masters undertook to report 
upon. 
Thistle fasciated. — Mr. Houston showed an 
abnormally large specimen of this common mon¬ 
strosity. 
