726 
THE GARDENING WORLD. J uI y 6, 1901. 
bright patch of colour with the hybrid Queen Alex¬ 
andra which has Crimson Rambler and R. Multi¬ 
flora as its parents. It is a very showy thing and 
produces some very handsome foliage. A new 
hybrid, Briar Rose, was also shown, under the name 
of Lucy; it has very large flowers of a very deep clear 
rose colour. Its parents are Macrantha and Charles 
Lawson. On the same table as these and also 
belonging to Messrs. Veitch were two very good 
Delphiniums ; one bearing the name of Strada is a 
very deep violet colour and has large flowers which 
are borne in very tall spikes; the other which is 
named Monument has flowers of a light purple colour 
marked towards the base with electric blue. A basket 
of Isalis glauca was also shown, it is a very floriferous 
plant and produces flowers of a bright canary 
yellow. 
THISTLES. 
When plants rely on vegetative propagation for the 
continuance of their species, they often lose the 
power of seed bearing altogether, and the vegetative 
process becomes hereditary. This is so with many 
Thistles, especially the common Cnicus arvensis, 
which rely mainly on the distribution of pieces of 
their fine underground stems for propagation. This 
has been proved over and over again by many 
farmers who have allowed their Thistles to seed for 
want of time to mow them, but Instead of an 
increased crop during the next season, they have 
been surprised to see it diminished. This has been 
brought about by the stock being weakened by pro¬ 
ducing the flowers, whereas if the flowers had been 
cut, the energy would have been directed to the 
runners. 
RUDBECKIAS. 
This handsome genus of plants, which are named 
after a professor of botany at Upsal, named Olaf 
Rudbec, are natives of N. America, and turnish a 
good supply of bloom for cutting. Not only are they 
useful for cutting, but when massed on the herbace¬ 
ous border they are amongst the most attractive of 
the hardy perennials. Rudbeckia speciosa, better 
known, perhaps, under the synonym of Newmanii, 
is, as its name denotes, showy, the orange-coloured 
ray florets making a beautiful contrast with the 
black disc. R. pinnata is another beautiful species, 
with bright yellow droopiDg ray florets, which make 
a graceful arrangement when cut. R. maxima is a 
very fine species for the border, and often grows to 
8 ft. or 9 ft. in height. It has an elongated disc, the 
florets are pure yellow and drooping. No herbace¬ 
ous plants are easier to grow if provided with a rich 
soil and plenty of moisture. 
READ THIS. 
A weekly award of 5s. will be made by the pro¬ 
prietors of The Gardening World, to the person 
who sends the most interesting or valuable item of 
news upon passing events likely to interest horticult¬ 
urists at large ; hints containing suggestive facts of 
practical interest to gardeners or growers of plants, 
fruits, or flowers ; successful methods of propagating 
plants usually considered difficult; or any other 
topic coming within the sphere of gardening proper. 
The articles in question should not exceed 250 words 
and should be marked " Competition." The address 
of the winner will be published. The Editor's 
judgment must be considered final. The communi¬ 
cations for each week should be posted not later 
than Monday night. 
The prize last week was awarded to Mr. J. 
C. Dick, The Gardens, Champfleurie, Linlithgow, 
for his paper on "Inarching Vines," p. 702. Three 
others were very nearly of equal merit, and one 
other good article was over the limit as to the 
number of words. 
The Editor would be much obliged if competitors 
would forward their articles earlier in the week as 
the work is heavy on Wednesday morning, delaying 
the paper in going to press. 
Photographs of Plants. — The proprietors 
would be pleased to receive photographs of interest¬ 
ing plants from correspondents with a view to repro¬ 
duction in The Gardening World. They need 
not necessarily be large ones, but such as would 
prove interesting and instructive to readers. Those 
representing individual plants would be more accept¬ 
able than photographs of groups. 
_ c _ 
Qlie$T10n$ ADD AnSUJGRS. 
All correspondence relating to editorial matters 
should be addressed to " The Editor," 4, Dorset 
Buildings, Salisbury Square, Fleet Street, 
E.C. Timely notes or notices about interesting 
matters or current topics relating to gardens, gar¬ 
deners, or gardening, are always cordially welcomed. 
When newspapers are sent would our friends please mark 
the paragraphs or articles they wish us to see P 
Watering Vines after the Berries Change Colour.— 
— L. M. : The question very much depends upon the 
condition of the Vines or more particularly of the 
way they have been treated for some weeks past. 
If they have been allowed to get very dry at the 
roots and then deluged with water the probabilities 
are that some of the berries would crack, particularly 
tho:e of Madresfaeld Court. On the other hand if 
they have been regularly watered and not allowed to 
get dry for any length of time, the berries will have 
continued to swell regularly, so that water applied 
after they commence to colour will not act injuriously 
at all. Therefore, if you have regularly watered 
your Vines up to this time, you may continue to do 
so till they are ripe, without danger of cracking. 
The generally accepted reason for the cracking of 
the berries of Vines is that, if allowed to get dry for 
even a short period, the skin of the berries hardens, 
so that when water is afterwards given the skin is 
unable to extend fast enough for the swelling berries 
thus supplied with an extra amount of water. You 
will have to judge whether yours have been kept 
steadily moist, and, if so, you may safely continue. 
American Magazine on Gardening. — Gilbert 
Pullen : We think that American Gardening, published 
by Mr. James W. Withers, at 136, Liberty Street, 
New York, would meet your requirements, as it is 
got up in a style calculated to meet the interests 
of amateurs, and is not a commercial paper. It is 
published weekly at 6s. 3d. annually in America, 
but at 8s. 4d., that is two dollars, to subscribers in 
this country or any others in the postal union. We 
much appreciate the expression of the high opinion 
you entertain towards The Gardening World and 
shall endeavour to retain your good wishes. 
American Book on Carnations— Gilbert Pullen : 
An American book on Carnations is published by 
The A. T. De La Mare Printing and Publishing 
Company, Limited, Rhinelander Building, Cor. 
Duane and Rose Streets, P.O. Box 1697, New York. 
Its title is American Carnation Culture, and the price 
$1.50, that is, 6s. 3d., but postage would be extra we 
suppose. It contains the Classification, History, 
Propagation, Varieties, Care, Culture, &c., of the 
Carnation, and is in the third edition at least. 
Gland and Scale of Ranunculus.— E. C. H. D. : 
The gland and scale of certain species of Ranunculus 
are small bodies such as you describe at the base or 
near the base of the petals and on the inside of the 
flower. The scale is merely a small appendage 
which you can clearly see, however, with the use of 
a pocket lens, and you can further assure yourself 
about the scale by lifting it with the point of a pin 
while looking through the magnifying lens. It is 
found in Ranunculus repens, R. acris, and R. bulbo- 
sus. A small swelling known as a gland is situated 
beneath the scale. 
Orders of Plants 1 -sexual.— E. C. H. D. ; There 
is no glossary of terms, as you say, in the Students' 
Flora of the British Islands. You can tell whether a 
plant is i-sexual or 2-sexual by a careful examina¬ 
tion of the flowers and their structure. If only 
stamens are present, then the flower is i-sexual or 
unisexual. The same may be said of a flower which 
contains only a pistil, that is, an ovary with its 
stigma, and a style if there is one. Tamus com¬ 
munis (ord. Dioscoreae) is a good British example. 
The female flowers consist of an inferior ovary sur¬ 
mounted by six perianth segments, enclosing three 
short styles. The male flowers have no ovary, but 
consist of six perianth segments, each having a 
stamen inserted upon it. By carefully examining a 
good sized plant you will find both of these forms of 
flowers growing upon different parts of it. The 
male flowers are numerous in a raceme, and the 
females much fewer on a short stalk. If you 
examine a number of wild Hollies in bloom you will 
find the flowers very frequently i-sexual, but the 
sexes on different trees. If you examine the flowers 
of any Potamogeton (ord. Naiadeae) you will find 
they contain stamens and an ovary, being 2-sexual. 
A more common flower for you to examine is the 
Red Campion (Lychnis diurna) or the White Cam¬ 
pion (L. vespertina). Some of the flowers contain 
only a perfect ovary, others contain only perfect 
stamens. Usually these flowers are on different 
plants, and are i-sexual. The other t>pe you men¬ 
tion, Damely, 2-sexual flowers, are more common. 
Besides Potamogeton, above mentioned, you can 
find them in Ranunculus, Poppy, Water Lily, Dian- 
thus, Stellaria, Rose, Potentilla, Geranium, Pea, 
Bramble, Apple, Pear, Honeysuckle, Carrot, 
Parsnip, and many others. For 1-sexual flowers, 
again, you will find a very good example in Carex, 
where many species have male spiklets at the top of 
the stem and temale ones lower down. The grasses 
are 2-sexual, as a rule, in Britain. 
Swarm of Bees not going into the HiYe —Query ; 
I have a swarm of bees that came off last Friday. 
I put them into a standard frame; but they are not 
taking with the hive and hang in a mass at the 
entrance. Please let me know what to do with 
them and what is the matter.— Auchinleck. 
Answer : More than likely your correspondent threw 
them down, in front of hive and allowed them to run 
in. If the entrance was small a great many of the 
bees instead of entering the hive would climb up 
the face of it underneath the porch, and the queen 
being with them, they would stay, although as a 
rule they go inside. Where they are inclined to 
gather underneath the porch give it a sharp blow 
with the fist on the top or brush them down with a 
goose feather, giving a little smoke at the same time 
and you will soon have them safely inside.— Doonfoot. 
Names of Plants. —T. H. : 1, Sidalcea Candida; 
2, Sidaicea malvaetiora; 3, Lychnis chalcedonica; 
4, Veronica longifolia; 5, Galega officinalis; 6, 
Thalictrum flavum.— G. T. B. : 1, Ligustrum ovali- 
folium ; 2, Kerria japonica flore pleno ; 3, Malva 
moschata; 4, Weigela Eva Rathke; 5, Hemero- 
callis fulva.— R. M .: r, Ficus falcata; 2, Ficus 
repens minima; 3, Acorus gramineus variegatus; 
4, Oxalis nutans; 5, Begonia evansiana ; 6, Begonia 
weltoniensis.— A. M.: 1, Oncidium sphacelatum ; 
2, Oncidium flexuosum; 3, Laelia grandls tene- 
brosa; 4, Oncidium Fapilio.— L. C : 1, Doodia 
aspera; 2, Lomaria ciliata : 3, Litobrochia vesper- 
tilionis; 4, Polypodium plesiosorus; 5, Pteris 
straminea; 6, Nephrodium lepidum.— W. B. : 1, 
Campanula rhomboidalis ; 2, Campanula garganica ; 
3, Campanula Van Houttei.— R. A. D. : Azara 
microphylla.— R. G., Wimbledon ; Melilotus officinalis. 
Communications Received.—J. C., F., Chard — 
D. McGregor.—Horticultural College, Swanley.—A. 
C.—W. M.—A. L.—T. B.—W. R. H —Douglas A. 
Gilchrist.—H. E. B —W. Davids.—A. T. C. 
-- 5 -- 
TRADE CATALOGUE RECEIVED. 
James Douglas, Edenside, Great Bookham, Surrey. 
— List of Carnations, Tree Carnations, Picotees and 
Auriculas for Autumn, 1901; and Spring, 1902. 
FIXTURES FOR 1901. 
(Secretaries of shows will oblige us by sending early notice 
of their fixtures. ) 
July. 
8.—United Horticultural Benefit and Provident 
Society Committees' Meeting ; N.C S. Annual 
Outing to Leatherhead. 
5.—Wolverhampton Floral Fete (3 days) ; Glouces¬ 
ter Rose ; Harrow Rose. 
10. —Formby Rose; Stambridge Rose; Worthing 
Rose. 
11. —Bath Floral Fete and Rose Show ; Brentwood 
Rose; Eltham Rose; Helensburgh Rose; 
Wood bridge Rose. 
13.—Royal Botanical and Horticultural Society of 
Manchester Rose Exhibition. 
16. —Royal Horticultural Society Exhibition, and 
Conference on Lilies at Chiswick (2 days). 
17. —N.R.S.,Ulverston (North Lonsdale Rose Show); 
Cardiff and County Horticultural Show (2 
days). 
18. —Hoddesdon Exhibition; Royal Botanical Society 
Meeting; Halifax Rose' 
19. —National Carnation and Picotee Society (pro¬ 
visional). 
23. —Durham, Northumberland, and Newcastle 
Botanical and Horticultural Society Exhi¬ 
bition at Newcastle (2 days) ; Tibshelf Rose. 
24. —Strathbane Horticultural Exhibition ,(2 days) ; 
Southern Counties Carnation Society Show. 
25. — Prescot Exhibition ; Selby Exhibition ; National 
Sweet Pea Society (2 days). 
30. —Buckingham Exhibition ; R.H.S. Committees. 
31. —Wilis Exhibition. 
August. 
1. —Isle of Wight Horticultural Association Exhi¬ 
bition. 
2. —Devon and Exeter Horticultural Society; Sum¬ 
mer Flower Show. 
3. — Auldearn Horticultural Society. 
5.—Atherstone Exhibition ; Castleford Exhibition 
(2 days); Eynsford Exhibition ; Cholmond- 
eley ; Beddington, Carshalton and Walling- 
ton. 
6 —Abbey Park, Leicester, Flower Show (2 days). 
8.—North Oxford Exhibition. 
10.—Keighley Horticultural Society. 
13.-R H.S. Committees. 
14 —Clevedon Exhibition ; Sevenoaks Exhibition. 
15 — St. Andrews Hoiticultural Association. 
16 — National Co-operative Festival at the Crystal 
Palace (2 days). 
17.—Bankfoot (Perth) Horticultural Society. 
20. —Grandpont Horticultural Society. 
