754 
fHE GARDENING WORLD. July 20 , 1901 . 
CARNATIONS AT CHELSEA. 
In the southern parts of Britain the glory of the 
Roses has greatly faded during the past week or 
two, so that interest in them for the time being has 
given place to Carnations, now at their best. Last 
week we paid a visit to the nursery of Messrs. J. 
Veitch & Sons, Ltd., Chelsea, who have grown a 
very representative collection of Carnations for 
many years past. In accordance with the times the 
greatest amount of attention is bestowed upon the 
border varieties, including not only seifs, but yellow 
ground Picotees and Carnations and fancy varieties. 
The white ground Picotees of the florist, as well as 
the flakes and bizarres of the same school, are 
grown to a lesser extent. New varieties of superior 
merit continue to be added to the collection, as they 
come into existence or into prominence. 
Border Carnations. 
Selfs. —Of the border varieties, this is at once the 
most important and the most numerously repre¬ 
sented group. We can only mention a few of the 
best varieties we noted in the collection. Very fine 
were Joe Willet, dwarf bright scarlet: Duchess of 
Fife, one of the most popular pink varieties: and 
Mrs. F. Watts considered the best white on account 
of the purity of the flowers and the unusually dwarf 
habit of the plants (15 in.). A very charming 
flower is Rose Celestial, with large deep rose flowers 
fading to rosy-pink with age. Mephisto and Uncle 
Tom are two maroon-crimson seifs, the latter being 
the finer of the two. Whether the colour is beliked 
or not, there is no question about the distinctness of 
Bendigo, which has rich dark purple flowers. Pride 
of Penshurst is still a good variety, and has flowered 
well in the open here. In many respects it is sur¬ 
passed by Lord Roberts, a large and handsome self 
with good grass. Seagull is also a choice form with 
large blush-white flowers and good grass. 
For some years Cantab has been known as the 
scarlet Clove on account of the fragrance of its 
flowers. Free flowering is Crombie’s Pink. One of 
the best whites is Edith Ladenham, which can be 
readily propagated by the numerous shoots it pro¬ 
duces. The cultivators of Raby Castle (pink) are 
numerous, so that it is hardly necessary to mention 
its merits, but we may state that it is a late variety, 
admirably adapted for giving a succession. George 
Maquay is a white of fine form, with smooth edge, 
slightly fragrant, and producing an abundance of 
grass. A free flowering but late scarlet is Isinglass, 
of handsome appearance. Mrs. Harker is a new 
large rose-pink self of great merit. 
White and yellow varieties are now well repre¬ 
sented. Helmsman belongs to the former colour,, 
and produces very large, slightly fragrant flowers; 
and Rizzio to the latter, its large flowers being 
carried on stout stems. The brilliant crimson- 
scarlet of Lady Hindlip stands out prominently in a 
collection. Equally fine in its way is Francis 
Wellesley, with rich carmine flowers. A fault with 
the carmine and rose varieties is that they are liable 
to burn with stroog sunshine, but they are worthy of 
a little attention in the way of shading. A distinct 
colour also is Mrs. R Hole with buff flowers.. 
Although Cara Roma is classed as a purple variety,, 
it is slightly shot with carmine. 
Very bright and pleasing is Sweet Briar, a scarktf 
flower of beautiful shape. A strong growing and 
handsome yellow is Mrs. A. Campbell, standing; 
about ft. high. On the contrary, Agnes Sorrel! 
is notable for its dwarf habit and maroon flowers. 
The pods of Marechal Ney do not burst, while the 
flowers are bright scarlet. Sir Henry Irving is 
another maroon-crimson of good form; and while 
Comet is similar in form it is notably dwarf, not 
exceeding 12 in. to 15 in. in height. Trojan is 
another good white. 
New varieties are plentiful, and besides some of 
those given above, we also noted the lovely yellow 
Cecilia with its petals incurving at the edges. Of 
superior merit is Much The Miller, a new pure 
white with handsome flowers and broad glaucous 
leaves as if it had Malmaison blood in it. A strong 
contrast to the above is found in Sir Bevys, with 
maroon flowers, and dwarf in habit. Amongst 
whites, Beauty of Exmouth is also choice and 
deserving of a place. One of the finest new yellow Car¬ 
nations is Jenny Deans, producing plenty of grass. 
All of the above merit extensive cultivation. Mrs. 
T, W. Lawson, the popular American rose Carna¬ 
tion is also flowering freely here. 
Yellow Ground Picotees.— Great attention is 
being given to this lovely class of Picotee, and new 
varieties of vigorous habit are continually being 
added. Very handsome is Lady St. Oswald with a 
fine red edge. Lauzan is a bold and showy flower 
with a heavy purple edge. The bright rose edge of 
Caracci is well set off by the bright yellow ground. 
On the other hand, there are rosy lines extending 
down the petals from the edging of Daniel Defoe. 
A distinct and striking flower is Alcinous, having a 
heavy purple edge. Pretty also is Don Carlos with 
a heavy rose-lilac edge. One of the best is H. 
Falkland, with a bright rose edge. 
Fancy Carnations. — Well known and much 
grown is Alice Ayres, lightly flaked with rose on a 
white ground, and producing a large quantity of 
flowers, so that one may cut and come again. A 
curiosity in its way is that named Heliodorus, having 
a clear rose ground and a darker margin. It is 
certainly a fancy, and possibly there are many who 
would fancy it. One of the most handsome of the 
fancies is that named George Cruickshank, having 
crimson-scarlet flakes, and markings on a salmon- 
red ground. 
White Ground Picotees. —There are some 
really very beautiful varieties in this, the florists’ 
section; but though they still hold their own at 
exhibitions of florists’ flowers proper, they lack the 
size of the newer yellow ground Picotees. For 
delicacy of refinement, however, many of the white 
ground Picotees remain unbeaten. 
This applies to such elegantly defined colours as 
are to be met with in the rose edged Mrs. Wood t 
the pretty and light rose-edged Mrs. Payne; the 
purple-edged Clara Penson; the light rose Favourite,, 
a charming flower; and Beauty of Plusnstead, all of 
which belong to what the florists term the light or 
wire edged group. 
Or the contrary, we have the broad or heavy 
edged type in Cordelia, Exhibition, Amelia, Amy 
Robsart, Polly Brazil, John Smith, and Miriam, the 
edge of which is purple. Then we have a heavy 
crimson edging in Brunette, Grosteen, and J. B. 
Bryant. Mrs. Sharp represents the heavy scarlet- 
edged type; while Edith D’Ombrain and Ncrman 
Carr are heavy rose-edged varieties. In white 
ground Picotees the colouring is entirely confined to 
the margin. Another point about them is that they 
do not burst the calyx. For cut flowers in bouquets,, 
for table decorations and buttonholes, they are just 
as eligible as the larger Carnations. 
The bizarres and flakes have often been described,, 
so we took no names of varieties. Those desirous 
of taking up the cultivation of any section of Car¬ 
nations would do well to inspect the Chelsea 
collection. 
ardening Jfpellanif. 
THE YEAST PLANT. 
Yeast is a substance everyone is familiar with, even 
the staunchest teetotaler, but to most people it is 
yeast, and nothing more. To gardeners it ought to 
be of special interest, as it is an actual growing 
plant or rather a conglomeration of exceedingly 
small plants belonging to that group of the vegetable 
kingdom which they are often brought into acquain¬ 
tance with without wishing for—the fungi. There 
are two chief species ; the one that causes the fer¬ 
mentation of beer has the somewhat awkward 
appellation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the 
other which is used to ferment wines is S. ellipsoi- 
deus. The individual plant is one of the most 
simple of the vegetable organisms, consisting of a 
single round or oval cell. It has no sexual organs, 
but reproduces itself vegetatively by budding, and 
as the young cells get to a fair size they break away. 
Like all other fungi it has ample provision for pro¬ 
viding against any disaster to its life, and it is 
remarkable to see with what persistency many of the 
fungi hang on. Many plants would die if suddenly 
deprived of their food, were dried up, or exposed to 
extremes of temperature. This tiny member is not 
killed so easily. As soon as it is prevented from grow¬ 
ing under ordinary suitable conditions it makes 
arrangements within itself to wait until those con¬ 
ditions return again. The protoplasm which lines 
the walls forms itself into four sections or spores 
and become covered with a membrane ; and when 
the outer wall dries up and becomes disorganised 
these four float off into the air with the least disturb¬ 
ance, and whenever they alight on a substance suit¬ 
able for their normal condition they germinate 
immediately, and go on their old style of life, 
budding and increasing rapidly until they are again 
upset. 
LYSIMACHIA VULGARIS. 
Few native plants can boast of a much more showy 
habit than the yellow Loosestrife. L. Nummularla, 
better known, perhaps, under the old country name 
of Creeping Jenny, is often seen under cultivation, 
but this one differs entirely from the favourite little 
creeper ; it is tall and stately, often growing 2 ft. to 
3 ft. high when in rich, moist soil beside lakes, &c. 
It will thrive best when treated as a sub-aquatic, 
but all those who have a pond or stream in the 
neighbourhood of their garden ought to introduce a 
few of these plants round the margins, for at this 
time of the year the effect of the panicled cymes of 
bright yellow is delightful. Its name, even, is good, 
being taken from the Greek lysis, dissolving, and 
mache, strife, with reference to the soothing qualities 
of the plant. 
A WILLOW STAKE. 
I am not sure whether it is standing now, but I was 
much struck by the appearance of a Willow some 
years ago on the estate of Kilgraston, Scotland. The 
tree was originally a stake for another tree, and like 
many other Willow stakes it put out roots and com¬ 
menced to grow, and when I last saw it it had en¬ 
circled its charge almost completely and had 
strangled it. The original plant was seen protruding 
through the bole of the Willow. According to the 
oldest inhabitants it is close upon eighty years since 
the stake was put in. The girth of the trunk was, 
when I saw it, over 12 ft. 6 in. in its narrowest part. 
— B. P. 
A TRUE JACOBITE ROSE. 
One does not often hear of Roses attaining very 
great ages, but one that was planted by Prince 
Charlie, of Scotland, is certainly getting on in years, 
if still alive. This tree grew upon a small mound in 
the grounds of Garvock, Perthshire, a mansion 
much visited by this historic personage. Great care 
was taken of it, and all wood that might have 
weakened its constitution was immediately removed. 
Arborists who visited this estate went into raptures 
■over a giant Walnut, which stands not far from this 
Rose tree. It has a clean bole of 20 ft., has a 
girth of 16 ft., and is over 80 ft. high, and un¬ 
doubtedly the largest specimen in Scotland.— B. P. 
BOUGAINVILLEAS 
The two species, B. glabra and B. speciosa, are now 
making a gorgeous show in many stoves and con¬ 
servatories. They look very pretty when grown in 
pots, but nothing compared with what they are 
when grown on a roof, and instead of having their 
roots restricted in a pot, they have a rich border in 
which to run. They are impatient of too much 
stopping and training, and when this is carried out 
too far it often acts prejudicially on the production of 
flowers. What they seem to delight in is plenty of 
root room, a good light roof which will allow the 
head to spread freely and a good compost of three 
parts good friable loam and one of leaf soil; loam 
from a meadow on which sheep have been penned is 
■much the best. It is a plant which requires resting 
in the winter season, so that, if other plants are 
grown in the same border, they must be of a kind 
that will also bear a rest during that period. The 
Bougainvillea seems to object to manure in the soil 
in any quantity, but appreciates an occasional supply 
of weak manure water at the root when growing 
freely. A great mistake is often made in growing 
them too close ; they like a warm house but it must 
be an airy one. As they like such a position they 
are very subject to spider, and unless syringed daily 
will soon become eaten up by it. B. glabra was 
introduced from Brazil in 1861 and B. speciosa in 
the same year was also brought from that land of 
flowers. 
THE TULIP ORCHID. 
When given the proper treatment this Orchid is one 
of the easiest to grow and one of the finest flowered. 
Its proper name is Cymbidium eburneum, the latter 
name meaning ivory, in reference to the colour of 
