July 27, 1901. 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
707 
Pelargoniums.— As these go out of flower, 
they should be placed out of doors in a sheltered but 
the sunniest position possible, so that they ripen their 
wood properly. They should not be dried off 
immediately, but gradually withhold the water. 
When the shoots are fairly ripened the cuttings 
should be taken and placed under handlights or bell 
glasses in a cool position. When they have rooted 
the best place for them after they have been potted 
off is on a greenhouse shelf close to the glass where 
they will receive plenty of air and be protected from 
frost. The old plants, when they have ripened off, 
should be stored away in an airy, dry place ; laid on 
their sides under the greenhouse staging is where 
they seem to keep best through the winter. 
Primulas. —Those which require potting on 
should not be neglected, as they suffer greatly in 
their young stages from root restriction. They are 
very apt to suffer from excessive heat, so the 
coolest possible place must be selected for them. 
Nemesias. —For winter and spring decora¬ 
tion in the conservatory, it is now time that these 
were sown. 
Brompton Stocks. —These welcome ad¬ 
juncts to the small number of winter flowering 
plants should now be sown for winter and early 
spring work. 
Arum Lilies. —It is time now that the first 
batch of these were potted up and started into 
growth. A light position in a vinery suits them 
admirably, especially if they are kept damp.—C. 
fiardp fruit Garden. 
Watering seems still to be the main work in this 
department,and many other things have to stand over 
until it is done. It must be done whatever else has 
to be left, for one single hour’s suffering from want 
of water may mean the loss of a whole crop, 
especially with stone fruit. 
Strawberries. —Keep the runners trimmed 
off if they are not required, and when the time can 
be spared give the beds a thorough soaking with 
water. The later varieties must have water even if 
the time cannot be easily spared or they will not 
swell up properly. Where the beds have been pro¬ 
perly mulched there is not much fear of them drying 
up very quickly if once they get well soaked. In 
districts where the crops got a soaking with rain at 
the proper time the amount of fruit has been enor¬ 
mous, and this must be borne in mind when the 
beds are manured, for those which have produced 
heavy crops will require a heavier application than 
those which did not. 
Apple Trees.. —Those grown as espaliers 
seem to have made a very strong growth this year 
in spite of the dry season. The grower ought now 
to have a turn at summer pruning them. Some, I 
notice, have done this, and many, I notice, 
also make the old mistake of pruning the 
whole of a tree at the same time. It is far better for 
the health of any tree to have a few shoots taken off 
at a time than to have all its most sturdy and strong 
heads taken off the same day. When they are taken off 
gradually the effect is not felt, but common sense 
ought to point out to everyone the dangerous check 
which the trees must receive. 
Figs. —Remove all superfluous growth and 
shorten back the other shoots to about four leaves 
above the fruit. The Fig tree is a gross feeder, and 
when the fruits are swelling manure water should be 
given occasionally. 
Gooseberries. —Stop all rampant growth and 
prune with a view of producing a well balanced, and 
at the same time a fruitful bush. Those which are 
grown as cordons or on walls should have their lateral 
growth pinched back, but not so much as to make 
the remaining buds break into growth. 
Currants. —These, like most other trees, must 
have a look over, and the growth thinned out in 
places where it is thick and crowded. 
Budding. —It is time now that the budding of 
fruit trees was well in hand. A damp period suits 
the buds, and if rain does not fall the surrounding 
air must be moistened by artificial means, such as 
syringing the stock frequently. Some time before 
the tree is operated on it should have an abundant 
supply of water at the roots, and must on no account 
be allowed to get dry afterwards. Those which 
were budded earlier, and have started to swell must 
be carefully watched to see that the tying material 
does not cut them. 
Wall Fruit.— Now that the soft fruit on the 
walls is beginning to ripen, earwigs are causing 
much annoyance. The best way to trap them is in 
reeds, Bean-haulms, or hollow canes. These should 
be gone over every morning, and blown through into 
a pail of hot water to which a tablespoonful of 
kerosene has been added. 
Bottles. —Prepare syrup bottles for catching 
wasps, &c , and hang them on the most forward of 
the trees. 
Fly. —Wherever fly is getting a hold it should be 
attacked with a syringe, and if the fruit will not be 
ripe until late in the season it will be safe to use an 
insecticide in the water. Continue to syringe 
Peach trees twice daily, as they are so soon attacked, 
and suffer more than most other trees from the drain 
on their vitality.— F. J. 
©leanings ftjtmt tfje Dmrlt) 
of ©rienrt;. 
The following subjects were discussed at a meeting 
of the Scientific Committee of the Royal Horticul¬ 
tural Society on July 2nd. 
Orchids, Malformed. —Dr. Masters reported on 
the flowers sent to the last meeting. He found the 
Cattleya to be dimerous, and the Odontoglossum to 
have five perfect stamens, the other parts being 
twisted, &c. 
Hartstongue, abnormal form.—Mr. Druery 
exhibited a plant with the fronds variously modified, 
being subhastate, emarginate, sub-pinnate in places, 
and much crested. It was a seedling of doubtful 
origin ; but a similar plant had been found wild 
many years ago. 
Aristolochia trilobata. —Mr. Odell showed 
flowering shoots of this species, remarkable for the 
form of the flower, in that the calyx closely resemble d 
a pitcher of Nepenthes, having a lid provided with a 
long pendulous streamer. 
Cheiranthus alpinus, pods proliferous. —He 
also showed specimens of this, not uncommon 
monstrosity in certain Cruciferae. The pods were 
swollen at one place, within which was a double 
flower having several crumpled yellow petals and 
abortive stamens in the place of an ovule. 
Silene and Anthyllis —Mr. Holmes found that 
the specimens sent to the last meeting proved to be 
S. hirsuta, and a, variety of A. Vulneraria. 
Campanula, fasciated. —Mr Holmes exhibited 
a large terminal flower of the common Canterbury 
Bell. It consisted of a “ multifold ” flower of 
numerous parts ; also a flower of Paris quadrifolia, 
with six leaves to the whorl, but having the usual 
4-merous perianth. 
Plymouth Strawberry —Mr. Holmes also 
brought specimens of the " Plymouth Strawberry,” 
which he has had growing for ten years. It is re¬ 
markable for having a foliaceous flower, the petals 
and stamens being represented by numerous small 
leaves, as in the Green Rose and Alpine Strawberry ; 
while each carpel on the receptacle consists of a 
three-pointed leaf, or rather petiole, rolled up upon 
itself. There is no trace of an ovule within it. 
Beech with palmately-nerved leaves. —He 
also showed specimens of this peculiarity, apparently 
due to some insect attack. Mr. Saunders undertook 
to examine it. 
Proliferous Cones of Cryptomeria. —Mr. 
Worsdell brought specimens of this monstrosity ; 
which Dr. Masters observed was not an uncommon 
production in that tree. 
White Lily, diseased. —Dr. Rendle showed stems 
badly attacked by a fungus. Dr. M. C. Cooke 
reports as follows upon it:— 
“It may be reasonably assumed that the Lilies 
exhibited were suffering from the attack of the 
‘ Lily disease,' so called by Marshall Ward in his 
memoir (in the Annals of Botany, vol. ii., p. 319, pi. 
xxii. to xxiv., 1889). This is stated to be due to a 
white mould, of the genus Botrytis, most of the 
species being only a conidial stage of a trumpet¬ 
shaped fleshy fungus called a P-eziza in past times, 
but now dignified by the name of Sclerotinia, 
because th«; cups are developed from a hard sclero- 
tium, which is the hybernating mycelium of the 
mould. In the present instance I am not aware that 
the sclerotium has been observed, and certainly not 
the Peziza ; hence, it would be rather premature to 
give the suppose i Peziza a name, before its existence 
has been demonstrated. Moreover, Marshall Ward 
has not given a specific name to his Botrytis, although 
he has described it with its clusters of egg-shaped 
conidia. Berkeley described, in 1881, a species of 
white mould, growing upon Lilies, which he called 
Ovularia elliptica, from its elliptical conidia 
(i Gardeners' Chronicle , Sept. 10th, 1881, fig. 66). This 
nevertheless is a species of botrytis, since called 
Botrytis elliptica, and probably is Marshall Ward’s 
species. Long previous to the above, Corda figured 
and described a white mould, with ovate conidia, in 
glomerules, which was found growing on immature 
fruits of Lilies, in Bohemia ; afterwards cited in other 
parts of Europe. This mould he called Polyactis 
cana, but during the recent revision of all species of 
fungi, by Saccardo, it has been called Botrytis canes- • 
cens. Whether it is different from Botrytis 
elliptica I cannot say. Another species of Botrytis 
has been found in Britain and Holland, on leaves, 
stems, and flowers of cultivated Tulips. It is called 
Botrytis parasitica (Cavara App. Pat. Veg., 10, tab. 
vi., figs. 1 to 4). This is probably different from the 
Botrytis on Lilies, although it is not improbable that 
it might develop upon Lilies if it came in contact 
with them. Having in view the conference which is 
shortly to take place, it may be interesting to allude 
to all the fungoid diseases of Lilies which have come 
under my notice; and, in this connection, it is satis¬ 
factory to learji that the number of pests is below 
the average of planis so largely cultivated. No other 
parasitic mould has been recorded, and, only re¬ 
cently, one species of Mucor which attacks Lily 
bulbs raised in Japan for exportation to Europe. 
This species is Rhizopus necans, described by Massee 
(Kew Bulletin , 1897, P- 87. with plate), and attacks the 
bulbs which soon become rotten, and exhibit clusters 
of tiny filaments with black heads, like miniature 
pins. These heads enclose minute conidia, whilst 
resting spores or zygospores are produced within the 
tissues of the decayed bulbs, and thus perpetuate the 
species after a period of rest. The section of fungoid 
parasites which include the smuts, rusts, and brands 
is represented, although there is no smut such as 
infests Erythronium or Ornithogalum. The cluster 
cups of the Lily of the Valley (Aecidium conval- 
lariae), has occurred on Lilium canadense, and 
another cluster cup (Aecidium safianoffianum) occurs 
on Martagon Lilies in Siberia. Of the brands with 
simple teleutospores consisting of a single cell, the 
most common is Uromyces Erythronii on Lilium 
canadense, in Europe ; and another, less common, 
probably unknown in Europe, is Uromyces Lilii, 
described as a pest of Lilies in the United States. 
To these must be added the brands with two-celled 
teleutospores, although I am not aware that Puccinia 
liliacearum, notwithstanding its name, has been 
found to attack Lilies, although it is known in 
Britain on Gagea and Ornithogalum. Two other 
species, Puccinia Tulipae and Puccinia fallaciosa, 
attack Tulips, so that on the whole, the Lilies are 
favoured by almost immunity from these forms of 
fungoid pests The last group or section of parasites 
to which I need allude are the leaf-spots caused by 
incomplete fungi, called the Sphaeropsideae. Here, 
again, the British cultiva‘or may congratulate him¬ 
self, since Phyllosticta liliicola, on the leaves of 
Lilium candidum, has not extended beyond Italy; 
and Phyllosticta lilii, on Lilium superbum, is at 
present confined to Canada. There is an allied 
parasite, with some technical difference, called 
Cylindrosporium inconspicuum, found on leaves of 
the Martagon Lily, but at present confined to 
Switzerland. Altogether, this report should give 
courage to the English cultivator of Lilies, inasmuch 
as the 1 Lily disease ’ so called, associated with 
Botrytis, is the only one which need cause anxiety.” 
Mr. Wilks observed that the best remedy was to 
place the diseased Lily bulbs in a bag of sulphur in 
some hot place in a greenhouse ; then to replace them 
in the ground, but not too deeply. 
A unanimous vote of thanks was given to Dr. 
Cooke for his report on the fungus sent to the last 
meeting, as well as on the present occasion. 
Lily Hybrids. —Mr. Bowles exhibited blossoms 
of L. dalhansoni, the result of L. dalmaticum x 
Hansoni, to show the difference in colouring. 
(To be continued.) 
