342 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
April 18, 1903. 
other feature of Orchids was that they were being- more ex* 
tensjvely hybridised and raised at home than formerly, and, 
nurserymen who were successful and diligent in this particular 
phase of the question, could practically possess a monopoly in 
the particular class of Orchids they had been raising. 
During the past fifty years or «o most progress, in his opinion, 
had been made by the market gardener. This was especially 
tire case where the grower raised fruit and vegetables under 
glass for market purposes. Market gardeners, in some form 
or other, practically now extended from Land’s End to John o l 
Groats. In 1776 Smith wrote that market gardening was a 
poor calling, because those who could buy vegetables, could 
also grow them, although he was, not fully prepared to endorse 
that opinion at the present day. To grow our own cereals 
was impossible, perhaps, but he thought it within the bounds 
of possibility to grow more of our own fruit and vegetables. 
Glass house® may be economically managed, but in private 
establishments especially he considered that there was a, great 
deal of erroneous and curious tastes. In many instance®, 
motor cars, yachting, and similar amusements swallowed up 
much of the money that might be devoted to better purposes 
in the garden. If it were not for the excess of population, we 
should not have to pay so much for foreign products. Cheaper 
transit was much wanted. In relation to this matter, he con¬ 
sidered that, English growers were 1 much too exclusive, and in¬ 
dependent, at the present time to combine for their mutual 
benefit, and the railway companies were prone to take advan¬ 
tage of them. 
It was easier to grow a, houseful of one thing than a, house¬ 
ful of many things. It was impossible to; grew a great variety 
of plants in one house under the same conditions-, when the 
plants themselves by nature were so different, and required 
different treatment. Those who made a, speciality of Sea,kale, 
Rhubarb, or Asparagus were certainly more likely to be suc¬ 
cessful than, those who attempted a great many things. Groups 
or masses, of shrub® or trees were a feature of the- more 
advanced gardens' to-day, and constituted one of the most 
radical forms of progress, in preference to the old system of 
dotting. At first the dots were in straight lines, and then 
the planters began to wriggle about and so make a, sort of 
mosaic. Masses of one thing were altogether I better style of 
mudening, both in the matter of taste and effectiveness. The 
old mixed and muddled orchard, like the choke-muddle shrub¬ 
bery, were falling out, and progress was being made in. their 
place. . 
There were revivals and new forms m certain phase® ot 
gardening. For instance, our forefathers made ponds for the 
rearing of fish, hut we do so for the cultivation of Water Lilies. 
Vineyards are established not for the cultivation of Vines, but 
for the training of Honeysuckles and other climbers. Even 
in garden literature there was considerable improvement, and 
photography has enabled us to use more and better illustra¬ 
tions. The floral magazine had died away, and the “ Botanical 
Magazine,” though it still existed, was not exactly in the line 
required by gardening. He- looked upon the new Flora and 
Sylva” as likely to fulfil a long desired want in this respect, 
and a paper of convenient size for binding he should look upon 
as a great boon. 
To the young gardeners of the future lie should offer Ins 
advice to attend to the signs of the times, and get a good 
knowledge of the cultivation of fruit, trees- and other things of 
an important, character at tliet present, day. Only a few years 
ago; there was a strange and vague longing amongst, gardener® 
to be under glass, and when that wish was gratified very often 
they obtained a one-sided training to the neglect, of fruit, 
vegetables, and other outdoor gardening. The young men of 
to-day have more advantage® than, those of twenty or thirty 
years ago. Near all large towns at least they get, access to 
books, libraries, schools, and ether means of acquiring a know¬ 
ledge of their profession. It -was not, so much what is actually 
uiven them, nor what they are taught to do, a® what, they are 
made to learn for themselves, that is of the greatest benefit, to 
gardeners. In the matter of science lie- would recommend 
botany, geology, entomology, chemistry, and drawing. Draw¬ 
ing to scale, and freehand drawing particularly, -was one of tie 
most useful aids to gardening-. Being a draughtsman, he 
spoke from experience, and with a sympathetic feeling in the 
matter*. 
New methods or aids to horticulture in garden and field were 
on the move, including such as retarding or refrigerating, bv 
meian-s of which they were able to have Lilacs and Lilies in 
bloo-m almost at any period of the year. Etherisation and the 
electric light were coming to our aid, which would enable us to 
get choice products for the table at a much earlier period than 
they could be produced merely by the aid of sunlight. New 
legislation -was about, to- be enacted to compel nurserymen to 
eradicate fungoid and other disea,se® and insects. According 
to other -speakers;, the fruit grower or marke-t gardener ratkei 
than the nurseryman is meant in this case;. It would lead tc 
a spe-cies of quarantine for plant® coming from abroad. 
The Royal Horticultural Society might be taken as a 
criterion of one of the means of spreading a love, for horticul¬ 
ture. The Royal Botanic Society was also- doing good work. 
The Royal Horticultural Society teaches gardening in relation 
to- botany, and the Ro-yal Botanic Society, on the other hand, 
teaches botany in relation to- gardening. The two societie- 
might not amalgamate, but he had thought there were in¬ 
stances of small societies combining for their- mutual benefit. 
All craftsmen and garden workers must he prepared to- com¬ 
bine for the general advantage in the immediate future. Unit:! 
is strength, but he-.considered that isolation and weakness- were 
synonymous terms. In concluding, lie considered that tin 
largest amount of produce or the- most concentrated form of 
cultivation took place- in market gardens, though the quality 
in many ca-s-es might not be equal to that grown in private 
gardens-. No finer fruits, vegetables or flowers were- grown in 
private gardens at present than fifty years ago. 
Cestrum Smithii. 
(Nee Coloured Plate.) 
Something’ like- 160 species of Oestrum have- been recorded 
and described, but botanists- think that scarcely more than 100 
of them are worthy of retention as distinct. Very few of 
these have found their way into cultivation, and mo-st of them 
are better known t-o gardeners under the name of Habro- 
thamnus. The most popular is Oestrum elegans, with which 
most gardeners- are fa-miliar. Another one is C. fasciculatuiu. 
but only in a, few establishments is it found, although it was 
introduced in 1843, practically a year before C. elegans. More 
recently C. Newellii has made its appearance in cultivation, 
and enjoys- a fair amount of popularity on account of the 
pretty rosy crimson colour of its flowers. Another very useful! 
but rather scarce plant is C. aurantiacum, which was intro¬ 
duced from Guatemala in 1843, and is- valuable for its orange- 
yellow flowers, freely produced during the autumn and early 
winter months-. 
The most recent arrival is C. Smithii, which is described as 
a hybrid, and was first sent out about, two- years ago. All the^ 
previously-named species are notable for the dark colour of 
their flowers-, but that under notice will be appreciated for it> 
pleasing light colour The waxy-looking flowers are o-f a beau¬ 
tiful so-ft pink, tubular, and somewhat inflated. They are 
produced with great- freedom a-t the tips of all the- branches 
and twigs, and so handsome that- we think the plant is certain 
to find many admirers within the next few years-, wherever 
greenhouse climbers -are appreciated. From what we have, 
seen of it, the same conditions that prove favourable to C. 
elegans will also- suit the new hybrid. It should be grown 
cool, freely ventilated, and at all times well exposed toJight to! 
induce a vigorous and sturdy growth, that will be short jointed, 
so as to favour the- production o-f flowers in quantity. During 
winter a temperature- of 40 deg. to 50 deg. will be quite| 
sufficient to maintain it in a healthy condition, but if flowers 1 
are required, a few degrees higher would do no harm. Our: 
coloured plate will give a good idea of this beautiful climber, 
which is one of the introductions o-f Messrs. William Bull k T 
Sons, 536, King’s Road, Chelsea-. 
