September 19, 1903. 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
806 
Society and Association Notes. 
The London Dahlia Union are holding their annual exhibi¬ 
tion as we go to press. A full report will appear in the next 
number. 
* * ■* 
East Anglian Horticttltttbal. —The East Anglian Horticul¬ 
tural Club held their September meeting last week, when two 
papers for the essay competition, for prizes offered by Messrs. 
Daniels Brothers, Ltd., were read. Mr. H. B. Dobbie secured 
the first prize, and Mr. F. Palmer the second. There were a 
number of interesting exhibits. 
* * . * 
Polmont Horticultural Show. —We learn that the Polmont 
Horticultural Show, held last week at Millfield, was in every 
way a success, the sum drawn for admission amounting to over 
£76. There was a considerable increase in the number of 
entries. Amongst the most notable displays were those of 
Messrs. Laird and Sinclair, Mr. P. Main, Mrs. Wyze, Mr. 
Robert Boyd, and Mr. A. Roberts. 
* * * 
United Horticultural Benefit and Provident Society.— 
The monthly committee meeting of this society was held at the 
Caledonian Hotel, Adelphi Terrace, Strand, on Monday even¬ 
ing last, Mr. Charles H. Curtis in the chair. Four new members 
were elected, and four were reported on the sick fund. The* 
annual dinner will be held at the Holbom Restaurant on 
Tuesday, October 27th next, at 6.30 p.m. Peter Barr, Esq., 
Y.M.H., has kindly consented to preside on this occasion. The 
committee hope that all members and friends who can possibly 
attend will endeavour to do so. 
* * * 
Royal Horticultural Society.— The president and council 
offer a prize of £10 for the best essay on “ Cottage and Allot¬ 
ment Gardening.” The essay must not exceed 5,000 words, and 
all unnecessary technical expressions should be avoided. Notice 
must be taken of vegetable, fruit, and flower cultivation. An 
appendix, not included in the 5,000 words, must be given, con¬ 
taining a list of reliable and inexpensive books on the subject. 
The prize essay becomes the sole property of the society. The 
essays must reach the secretary of the society before January 
1st, 1904. Each essay must be signed with a motto, and a 
sealed envelope must be enclosed, bearing the same motto out¬ 
side and the writer’s name and address inside. 
* * * 
Cornwall Daffodil Society. —The Cornwall Daffodil Society 
held their annual meeting last week, when there was a good 
attendance of the members. The honorary secretary, the Hon. 
John Boscawen, in his report announced that the committee had 
subscribed £20 towards the new hall of the R.H.S. The 
treasurer had a balance in hand of £85. In acknowledging the 
contribution the secretary of the R.H.S. stated that it was the 
first contribution they had received from an affiliated society. 
The next show was fixed for April 8th and 9th, 1904. On the 
suggestion of the secretary it was decided to offer three medals 
for competition amongst nurserymen at the next show. The 
officers were then elected, and a successful meeting closed. 
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. 
The Editor invites enquiries for reply in this column. These 
enquiries may cover cmy branch of gardening. Questions should be 
put as briefly as possible, and written on one side of the paper only ; 
a separate sheet of paper should be used for each question. 
Renders are also invited to give their fellow gardeners the benefit 
o+ their experience by sending supplementary replies. 
Replies cannot be sent by post, even if a stamped , addressed 
envelope is enclosed, and the return of specimens cannot be undertaken. 
Anonymous communications are treated in the usual editorial manner. 
Address letters: The Editor, “The Gardening World,” 37 and 
38, Shoe Lane, London, E.C. 
Book on Orchids. (R. P„ Jun.) 
There is no book on Orchids known to us that will give all the 
requisites which you name. There is a book which describes the 
various species of certain of the more popular classes of Orchids, 
but we are not sure as to the exact price. It certainly runs to 
much more than you say, but it is a large book, consisting of 
two volumes, devoted to the more popular species in cultivation. 
The title of it is “ Manual of Orchidaceous Plants,” by Messrs, 
James Veitch and Sons, Royal Exotic Nursery, King’s Road, 
Chelsea, who are also the publishers. The book contains numerous 
illustrations. The nearest approach to a book such as you 
mention is the “Book of Orchids,” by W. H. White, F.R.H.S., 
and published by John Lane, The Bodley Head, London, price 
2s. 6d. It deals chiefly with the general appearance of Orchids, 
with details concerning their cultivation, and contains a number 
of illustrations. 
Orange Tree with Scale on it. (G. H.) 
The scale insects from tropical countries usually affect a variety 
of plants, but seeing that it is attached to the Orange tree, it 
would be more likely to attack the leaves of Camellias or other 
plants having leathery leaves. It is not, as a rule, so difficult to 
destroy as the mealy bug, unless you let it get the better of you 
and allow it to spread all over the plants in the plant houses. 
You should attack the Orange tree at once, sponging every leaf 
if the tree is covered with a black filth as well as scale. If there is- 
nothing else but the scale itself, it cannot have been very long 
established. You can easily keep down scales by syringing the 
bushes with paraffin emulsion, making it carefully so that there is 
no free paraffin in it to destroy the leaves and buds of the plants- 
upon which it is used. We have frequently described the process 
of making paraffin emulsion, but it consists chiefly in putting a 
certain quantity of paraffin in a strong solution of soapy water 
and thoroughly churning with the syringe till the soap and the 
paraffin are united. You could let it stand for a day or two, and 
if any paraffin comes to the top use more soap dissolved in hot 
water and churn again until it becomes like a thin white paint. 
Dilute it with nine times its bulk of cold water for scale insects, 
and fifteen parts of water to one of the emulsion for softer insects. 
Olive Trees in Cornwall, (G. H.) 
We should think that there ought to be no difficulty in growing 
Olive trees in favoured parts of Cornwall, as we have seen them 
planted out against a. wall in the neighbourhood of London. They 
do not make much progress, however, anywhere near London, and 
never flower or fruit, as far as we know, in the open air. We 
cannot expect them to fruit until they attain some age and size. 
Your chief difficulty, probably, would be to get sufficient sun¬ 
shine to cause them to ripen their wood and prepare to fruit. 
We cannot say at what age they will fruit, as it all depends upon 
the amount of sunshine and other favourable conditions which 
they receive. Pieces taken off old trees in a fruiting condition 
should come into bearing in much less time than those from seed¬ 
lings under any given conditions. We should not like to 
guarantee their fruiting in the open air unless you are favoured 
wit’n plenty of sunshine and the trees are planted in a sheltered 
and sunny position. 
Increasing Clematis. (G. H.) 
The usual method for propagating Clematis is to get pieces of 
the root of some strong growing species or variety, a.nd^graft 
fine varieties of the florist upon them. Such varieties as Jackmani 
and Flammula Duchess of Albany should take upon the variety 
just mentioned. 
Large Marrows Disqualified. (J. R.) 
Unless the heaviest Marrow is wanted, the specimens for exhi¬ 
bition purposes should not exceed 6 in. in length. That is a much 
better size for cooking than a Marrow that has been allowed to be 
old and woody. 
Large Leaved Ivy for a Wall. (R. C.) 
There are several varieties of the common Ivy that should 
answer your purpose admirably. One of these is the broad-leaved 
or Irish Ivy known avS Hedera helix latifolia. This is the most 
common and easily obtained, while it is also of the easiest cultiva¬ 
tion. H.h. raegneriana. grows more slowly, but produces very 
handsome heart-shaped leathery leaves. The broadest-leaved of 
all is H.h. dentata, with very broad, coarsely-toothed leaves. All 
of the above are of a very dark green colour. The lightest green 
Ivy we know is that named H.h. algeriensis, which has long, very 
distinct-looking leaves. 
Best Crop for Land that has been in Pasture. (A. M. T.) 
Potatos are about the best crop that you could grow on land 
that has been newly taken in from pasture. The ground should 
be' trenched and the grassy turf on top put down a. foot, so that 
it may not come in contact with the Potatos. No manure is 
necessary, but a little lime would prove beneficial. You may 
expect to lose some Potatos the first year if the land is very much- 
infested with wireworm, but otherwise the Potatos should be of 
