THE GARDENING WORLD 
November 7, 1903. 
924 
WORK OF THE WEEK. 
The Kitchen Garden. 
Horseradish. —.This is generally looked upon as a not very 
important vegetable, and is oftentimes planted and grown in 
some out-of-the-way corner; nevertheless, it is much in demand 
and deserves a proper system of culture, the difference be¬ 
tween that which is badly and well grown being most apparent. 
Though it' is not at all necessary to assign to it' the better 
portions of the garden, a. fairly open quarter should be selected, 
and this is one of the few crops which may be grown on the 
same; pot for many years, providing it. is properly and liberally 
treated. The ground should be firstly well trenched and 
manured; almost any kind cf land will produce good results. 
Select some good straight roots and cut. in about 6-in. lengths, 
plant in rows 1 ft, apart and 10 in. from set to set, which 
should be buried from 6 in. to 9 in.; these will make nice 
serviceable roots by the following autumn, I find it a. capital 
olan during November to take up half the bed annually, 
taking out all the straiglitest and best sticks, and store under 
a north wall, as by so doing it can easily be obtained when 
required without damaging the bed ; at the same time work 
in plenty of farmyard manure and replant, and when con¬ 
fined to one spot it will cause but little trouble in spreading, 
for, as is well known, it becomes very troublesome unless kept 
within bounds. 
Broccoli. — Should a severe winter be in store for us, this 
important crop 1 , owing to the very sappy condition of the 
plants, will be certain to suffer considerably. Consequently 
every pains should be taken to ensure its safety, and I know 
of no better plan than by layering them ; and any time after 
this date the work may be proceeded with. A good trench 
should first of all be opened, and each plant carefully layered, 
so that the heads face the north. The soil should be broken 
up finely and placed veiy firmly over the stems, taking care 
to cover the softer parts near the top, as this is most easily 
injured by frost, and, in addition to this, should very severe 
frosts be expected, a slight covering of straw or bracken 
should be applied, thus rendering them practically safe. 
Cauliflowers. —All very late plants should now be care¬ 
fully lifted and planted into cold frames; these will perfect 
nice little compact heads, so much appreciated for the table. 
Air freely, and the lights should be removed on all favourable 
occasions. Late sowings of Veiitch’s Autumn Giant are 
capital for this purpose. 
Artichokes, Jerusalem. —These will by now have prac¬ 
tically finished their growth, and the tops cut. down to within 
1 ft, of the ground and burnt; part, may be lifted and stored 
in sand or ashes for immediate use, leaving the remainder in 
the ground for some time yet. Both the round and Long 
White are great improvement® on the old purple form, and 
should be grown in preference to it. 
Additions to. or the planning and making of new kitchen 
gardens should now be proceeded with, and after the site 
has been decided on the first consideration should be to see 
that it. is well drained. This is of the utmost importance, 
and the drains should be placed sufficiently deep to enable 
trenching to be performed at a depth cf at least 3 ft, without 
disturbing the pipes, and not only should the ground be 
drained but the paths also. The newt, step is breaking up 
the- ground, and here I cannot too strongly advise thorough 
trenching. It is well to bear in mind that, a kitchen garden 
is generally made with a view of lasting as such for many 
years and'though the cost may be somewhat heavy, it. will 
be money well spent, as successful vegetable culture cannot 
be depended on unless deep cultivation is practised. I do 
not believe in old and worn-out gardens. Provide, a. good 
depth of soil and deeply trench as. often as possible, taking 
care to bring the bottom to. the top, m that it can. come 
under the influence of the weather, and work m plenty of 
suitable ingredients according to the nature of the soil, and 
good results may be depended on. 
Winter Salads. — In many establishments salads have to 
be. provided the whole year through, and oftentimes during 
mid-winter and early spring these are not easily supplied, 
unless one has plenty of facilities. Lettuce and Endive form, 
perhaps, the most important items, and by sowing frequentlv 
and growing on in a gentle heat, the former may be generally 
depended on, if, as 1 I have before pointed out, suitable kinds 
are grown. We are now sowing Carters Early Harbinger in 
boxes. Endive of the Batavian section, if sown late in the 
autumn and the plants arei pricked out into cold frames, will 
last on into spring. Chicory and Dandelion roots should be 
introduced to the Mushroom house, every ten days. Mustard 
and Cress should be sown weekly, and Onions in boxes for 
drawing small occasionally. E. Beckett. 
A1 den-ham House Gardens, Elstree, Herts. 
The Stove and Greenhouse. 
Violets — Plants recently lilted from the garden and trans¬ 
planted in pit® and frames for winter flowering will by now- 
have become well established and commencing to flower. Co 
over the whole of them and remove carefully all i miners: 
generally speaking, these produce no flowers, but should any 
show buds the runners may be pinched, and cut out entirely 
when the flowers are gathered. It will readily be understood 
that these runnersi rob the plant of nutriment: that should go 
to the flowers, and for building up- strong plants; hence the 
necessity for keeping them removed. On all favourable 
opportunities remove the. lights entirely, only replacing them 
when frost, snow, or heavy rains prevail. To succeed in the 
cultivation of sweet. Violets, it is very essential that abundance 
of pure air and full light be given, at all times in accordance 
with the weather prevailing. Assuming that the plants were 
planted in good soil, as advised, there will be no need to give 
any manure for some time, but should the medium be at all 
impoverished, some assistance must be accorded. Guano is a 
suitable manure, as is Clay’s Fertiliser ; the former should be 
used in a. liquid state, and the latter put between- the rows 
of plant® and be well watered in at once. All blossoms that 
are open or unfolding must be gathered before applying any 
manure, or they will be discoloured. 
Roman Hyacinths. — A ferv of those potted up early' may 
now be. brought into heat, and if flowers, are wanted about 
Christmas, these will supply them. So easily may these be 
brought into flower, that, by' inserting a few potfuls of bulbs 
every ten days or 'thereabouts, a regular’ supply of useful 
blossom mav he had as long as the bulbs last. 
Hardy Shrubs for Forcing.— For the embellishment of the 
conservatory these are invaluable, and whether it is intended 
to purchase plants from a nursery, or to lift, from one s own 
garden, such shrubs as- are known to give good results when 
gently forced into flower, now is the best time to pot them 
up. Old potting soil will answer for any of them, as they 
do not usually' make many roots during winter. When .potted 
they may be left in a. sheltered spot in the open until wanted 
for forcing. Some tree leaves or litter should be well packed 
about the pots to prevent frost cracking them. At the end of 
the. present, month or early in December a few may be brought 
into a warm house, but it. is useless attempting to force too 
early unless plenty of convenience is at command, for not only 
would a great heat be necessary to. bring them into flower, hut 
the. result would not he good,, owing to the artificial conditions 
maintained. Among hardy shrub® that are well suited tor tin 
purpose are Azalea mollis, Deutzia gracilis, Lilacs of soi ■ 
(not omitting the beautiful double® now so popular 1, C ioisyci 
ternata, Kalmia latifolia, Staphylea eolchica, Prumis sinensis, 
and other flowering Plums and Cherries. As regards tin 
structure best adapted for forcing circumstances must ru e 
