670 
THE GARDENING WORLD . 
August 1, 1903. 
necessary to shake some of the powder into the growing tips 
of the shoots wherever the aphides may be concealed and this 
you could readily see. If you have an instrument for distri¬ 
buting the powder, you could complete the operation very 
quickly, but even if you have to do it by hand it will not take 
any great length of time, and should give satisfaction. 
Viola Countess of Guildford. (Gardener.) 
We quite agree with you that many of the modern Violas, so 
called, are more like Pansies than the original type of V iola. 
This is to be regretted from various points of view ; but, un¬ 
fortunately, there is a large section of the public, and particu¬ 
larly the florist, who believe that a perfectly circular flower is 
more near perfection than any other. The oblong shape of 
Countess of Guildford is a very pleasing one, from the fact 
that it is so distinct from the Pansy type, and seeing that this 
form wives a very distinctive appearance to the original V iola, it 
is a pity that raisers and improvers fail to appreciate the dis¬ 
tinctness of this particular form. If they had been keen enough 
to see it and appreciate it in this form, we might to-day have 
a larwe selection in true Viola form. Instead of this, however, 
the tendency in mostly every establishment where Violas receive 
attention is to select those forms that are most nearly circular. 
While this is so it would be difficult to get the R.H.S. to appre¬ 
ciate any departure from the popular type. We believe it would 
take you many years to create such an enthusiasm for this 
type before any public body would give them recognition. We 
like the colour and form of Countess of Guildford, but think 
it mi°ht be improved by getting flowers of greater substance. 
Of the seedlings you have raised from it, the most distinct is 
the dark blue" variety, which might be selected and worked 
upon for improvement in the same way. In other words, we 
should advise you to make crosses of the best varieties, and 
select the very best types that come from seeds. These, in 
turn, could be utilised for seed production, in order to still 
further improve the strain. Remember always that self-coloured 
flowers are most admired. If you select parti-coloured flowers, 
they ought to be very distinctive in their way, so as to be 
attractive. In some of the seedlings which you sent there were 
too many colours in the flowers, and the light and dark shades 
were not particularly well defined. We think you should per¬ 
severe, in order still further to improve the strain. 
Maggots in Rose Shoots. (Ardeer.) 
There is a large number of insects that attack Roses in one 
way or other, including numerous species of sawflies. Many of 
them confine themselves entirely to the leaves, but in this par¬ 
ticular case they have gone down the centre of the shoot, eating 
out the pith and the" tender growing portions of the wood. 
When the maggots are full-grown they let themselves down to 
the ground, where they spin a cocoon, and pass the winter while 
they gradually pass through their changes from the grub state 
to the winged insect. As far as we know, when once they have 
got inside the shoot, it is necessary to cut off the portion in 
order to get at the grub and remove it. There is no other 
way possible to get at the creature when once it has safely 
ensconced itself in the interior of the shoot. It is not neces¬ 
sary, however, to. cut off so much of the shoot, as a rule, as 
that you sent us, but in any case the shoot is completely 
damaged for flowering, and you could only look for blooms 
from the secondary growths made in the autumn. You might, 
however, try some means of prevention. You should carefully 
observe about the exact dates when the plants are attacked, or 
as near as you can discern anything wrong with them. Next 
year you could syringe the Roses with something disagreeable 
to the insects, commencing a fortnight previous to the attack, 
and repeating it at intervals of some days, according as there 
is rain or otherwise, to wash off the insecticide. Strong soap¬ 
suds might be employed, and tobacco-water should be even more 
effective, by making the leaves and young shoots distasteful 
to the mother flies, which come to lay their eggs there. Any¬ 
thing that is sufficiently disagreeable to them will drive them 
away from your bushes. 
improvement of the Wild Strawberry. (Curious.) 
We have heard the remark made, or read the statement some¬ 
where, that 20.0 or more varieties have been raised from the 
wild Strawberry, but we consider this is quite an error. Some 
of the early varieties 20 or 30 years ago evidently bore some 
affinity to the wild Strawberry, but they have all been ne¬ 
glected, and possibly most of them have been lost to cultiva¬ 
tion, preference being given to the large-fruiting modern varie¬ 
ties. The modern varieties owe their parentage largely to 
Fragaria chiloensis. As a matter of fact, the various types 
in cultivation have been derived from different species, and 
none of those that are at all popular at the present day have 
any resemblance to the wild Strawberry of this country. All 
of them, however, have been derived from wild Strawberries 
of some country or other, but most of them had their origin in 
American species. 
Cucumbers Diseased, (k Constant Reader.) 
There can be little doubt that disease has got amongst your 
Cucumbers, as it has in many other cases this season, owing 
to the continued wet weather and want of sunshine. We consider 
that syringing is carried to excess in a wet season like this, and 
we should advise you to keep the atmosphere of the house 
drier. As far as we can see, you will be unable to save the 
plants, though we think there would be no danger to Tomatos 
from the same disease, but here also you must keep the house 
drier, with plenty of ventilation. We shall reply further when 
we have examined the specimens sent. 
Single Herbaceous Paeonies. (Omega.) 
Many of the varieties of Chinese Paeonies are distinctly 
scented, but as they are not recorded we cannot now tell you 
which varieties they are. Good white varieties belonging to this 
section are the Bride, Purity, Candida, Water Lily, Adana, and 
Anemonaeflora alba, the two latter being French white and the 
previous ones pure white. Good scarlet varieties or something 
very near this colour are Milton, Leucadia, Jupiter, Viscount 
Cross, Ivanhoe, Bassanio, Cherry Ripe, Amiable, and W. B. 
Child. Good single pink varieties are Princess of Wales, blush 
pink ; Queen of May. rose pink ; Hermis, silvery pink ; Beatrice, 
Saconi, Vesta, and Nero. 
Names of Plants. 
(A. V. M.) 1, Kalmia angustifolia; 2, Spiraea salicifolia 
paniculata ; 3, Piptanthus nepalensis ; 4, Pemettya mucronata ; 
5, Cassinia fulvida (often named Diplopappus chrysophyllus in 
gardens); 6, Spiraea canescens ; 7, Garrya ellqitica,; 8, Kalmia 
latifolia (see separate note).'—(J. Sharp) a, Funkia sieboldiana; 
b, Teucrium Chamaedrys ; c, Potentilla fruticosa; d, Santo- 
iina Ohamaecyparissus incana ; e, Sedum spurium album (often 
named S. ibericum in gardens).—(C. B. G.) 1 and 2 are evidently 
varieties of Medicago falcata, but they should be gathered in 
fruit ; 3, a fairly plentiful variety of Trifolium repens, often 
turning up with much larger and finer heads ; 4, Lythrum Sali- 
caria ; 5, Cnicus arvensis setosus ; 6, an alien not recognised 
in its present form ; seems to be one of the Urticaceae.—(R. M.) 
1, Hibbertia dentata.; 2, Fuchsia microphylla; 3, Solanum 
jasminoides ; 4, Begonia President Carnot ; 5, Swainsonia coro- 
nillifolia; 6, Coron.illa glauca variegata.—(M. D.) 1, Sidalcea 
malvaeflora ; 2, Campanula rhomboidalis ; 3, Campanula per- 
sicifolia calycanthema; 4, Rudbeckia nitida •, 5, Stachys 
oriental is; 6, Lathyrus latifolius'albus ; 7, Eryngium alpinum. 
—(J. M. B.) 1, Spartium junceum ; 2, Spiraea arguta; 3, 
Spiraea discolor; 4, Veronica Traversii ; 5, Buddleia globosa ; 
6, Ceanothus Glodre dp Versailles ; 7, Spiraea japonica.— 
(W. R.) 1, Oncidium macranthum ; 2, Oncidium flexuosum ; 3, 
Oncidium phymatocihilum; 4, Cypripedium Efarrisianum 
superbum ; 5, Cypripedium Godofroyae.—(C. F.) Delphinium 
nudicaule.—(Notts) 1, Athyrium Filix-foemina crested variety; 
2, Athyrium Filix-foemina Fieldiae; 3, Lastrea dilatata; 4, 
Athyrium Filix-foemina or Lady Fern.; 5, Lastrea Filix-mas 
paleacea cristata (by some named L. Pseudo-mas cristata); 6, 
Lastrea goldieana.—(T. W.) 1, .Centaurea montana alba ; 2, 
Lili.um Martagon ; 3, Campanula latifolia ; 4, Campanula rapun- 
culoides; 5, Spiraea Aruncus; 6, Veronica longifolia; 7, 
Veronica incana.—(G. J. W.) 1, Pernettya mucronata ; 2, Sym- 
phoricarpus racemosus ; 3, Sambucus racemosa aurea ; 4, Spiraea 
japonica Anthony Waterer ; 5, Spiraea lindleyana.—(A. M.) 1, 
Cypripedium callosum ; 2, Oncidium phymatochilum ; 3, Onci¬ 
dium sphaceiatum. 
Communications Received. 
John R. Jackson.—G. Renthe.—Arum.—H. N. Ellison.— 
J. L. Cassels and Co.—Dicksons, Limited,—J. H.—A. R. D.— 
E. A. S.—E. F.—W. W.—D. R. W.—Hardy.—N. E. W. D.— 
H. and Co.—R. F.—A. J. B.—T. M. T,—Reid.—A. Iv. D.— 
T. W.—B„ L.—H. B. May. 
Trade Catalogues Received. 
E. H. Keelage and Son, Haarlem, Holland.—Dutch bulbs. 
Heathman and Co., Rectory Road, Parson’s Green, London, 
S.W.—Heatlmian’s patent extension ladders. 
J. Backhouse and Son, Limited, The Nurseries, York. — Cata¬ 
logue of Dutch bulbs and flower roots for 1903 ; also illustrated 
departmental list, and price list of stove and greenhouse, soft- 
wooded, and bedding plants, etc. 
