September 5, 1903. 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
749 
The Mulberry. —An old and valuable fruit-, but seldom made 
the best of ; the birds usually benefit by them, though it makes 
excellent jelly when gathered fully ripe. The fruit is also good 
for tarts, especially when mixed with Blackberries. 
Jambs Mayne. 
Bicton, Devonshire. 
Hardy Trees and Shrubs. 
The Proper Use of Golden-leaved. Shrubs —When planting 
a shrubbery, belt or border to have a pleasing effect, in the 
future, it is usual in the majority of cases to- have some' golden- 
leaved shrubs., not always to make as large a variety as pos¬ 
sible, but with the intention of giving the shrubbery a brighter 
and more varied appearance. This, of course 1 , is quite correct, 
for all planting should be as interesting to the eye a.s it is 
possible to make it, but. very careful discrimination and a, 
knowledge of what one is planting is. absolutely necessary to 
ensure satisfactory results. A few remarks may thereforei 
prove of service to those who wish to make new shrubberies or 
intend carrying out. alterations with those already made. 
Whether one- has to deal with large or small areas, it should 
be particularly noted that, two varieties of shr ubs with golden 
foliage are not. in close proximity to one another, for when 
this is the case it invariably happens that the one is disastrous 
to the other’. Especially do. we notice this: in small gardens 
where there is but. little space at. command, and what might, 
be made a very pleasing shrubbery is often, quite the revers.e, 
owing to the too frequent use of these coloured shrubs', par¬ 
ticularly so where variegated ones are also' employed. The 
two should be some distance from each other, and no attempt 
made to arrange them at regular intervals. 
It is not necessary to always place a brightly-coloured shrub' 
in the back or behind its green neighbours; some may with, 
advantage be placed right on the front, whether it be bush, 
standard or otherwise. For instance, a. good clean, standard 
of the Golden, Oak, Quercus pedunculata, Concordia., lias a, fine 
effect when standing out. before the rest, and by being so placed 
will add greater depth to the shrubbery. This is a. splendid 
feature to be observed when planting. It far too. often, happens 
that all the tall growing subjects are grouped together in the 
background, and the rest graduated down to the dwarfest on 
the front, which is a great, error, for, by occasionally bringing 
a, medium-sized shrub or a standard to, the front line, greater 
depth is given, the monotony is, broken up, the planting, when 
completed, has a far better and more natural effect, and has 
the appearance of covering more space than it does, in reality 
—certainly in many cases a desirable quality. Above all, be 
careful that no, two. golden-foliaged shrubs- are together, or the 
effect, will be otherwise than pleasing to the eye-. It should 
1 also he borne in, mind that, these shrubs; must all have a good, 
open sunny position, so that all the light possible can reach 
them, thereby rendering the colour of the leaves perfect. If 
overshadowed by large- trees a greenish-yellow pallor is the 
result, which has a sickly, unhealthy appearance, 
j Some of the most noteworthy goldendea.ved shrubs are, the 
Golden Oak, before mentioned; Quercus leucocarpa, with pale 
golden leaves and stems; Sambucus nigra, aurea,; Sambucusi 
racemosa serratifolius foliis aureis, the golden, cut,-lea,ved Elder ; 
Pyrus Aria aurea; Acer Negundo californicum aureum; Popu- 
lus canadensis aurea; Spiraea or Neillia opulifolia aurea,; Ribes 
alpinum pumilum aureum ; Acer japonieum aureum ; PL da- 
del ph us corona,rius aureo-variegatus; Laburnum vulgarei 
aureum; Cornus alba, -Spaethii ; and Alnus. glutinosa foliis 
aurers. All these must have open;, sunny positions:; there is 
only one exception to this rule that I am acquainted with, and 
that is the Golden Aucuba,. This will colour well and succeed 
unde^ the shade of other trees. As an illustration of the fact, 
I have seen a clump of Scotch Pines with the lower branches 
removed and Golden Aucubas planted underneath, the contrast 
, being very fine. 
The massing of golden-leaved shrubs requires- to be 
judiciously done-, and plenty of space is necessaiy. Nothing 
is better for the purpose than the Golden Elder, Sambucusi 
nigra, aurea, and when, well placed in an. open position in a 
large mass the effect, is magnificent. The golden-leaved Privet 
is also very fine. The former should be cut to the ground 
early in spring, but the latter requires little pruning. The 
above-mentioned shrubs are all deciduous. Among Conifers 
we have Cupressus lawsoniana aurea and C. lawsoniana lutea,, 
Retinospora. plumos-a aure-a, the Golden Yew, Re-tinospora fili- 
fera, aurea, Cupressus macrocarpa, lutea, and several others. 
It is a, good plant to look round at this season, when, all 
the shrubs are in full leaf, and mark with a piece of bast any 
which it is intended to take out next autumn or spring, so 
that one will he able to easily detect the shrubs which have 
to be removed. 
Conifer Cuttings. —It is the best time now to insert these 
cuttings if one desires to increase those varieties which may 
be propagated in this way. Fiverinch pots, well crocked and 
clean, and a, cold frame to place them in, is the best method. 
A. E. Thatcher. 
Aldenha-m House Gardens, Elstree. 
Among the Orchids. 
General Remarks. —The shortening days, will remind the 
cultivator of Orchids that- he will need to use to the utmost 
the facilities offered by the sun’s- aid in their endeavour 1 to- 
develop -and mature the growths which, owing to the un¬ 
favourable summer, are more than usually backward, and 
unless thoroughly matured and ripened growth is obtained 
during the- next few weeks, it will cause considerable- anxiety 
to the grower, after the dull season sets; in. Without satis¬ 
factory ripened wood, it- is well-nigh impossible to procure 
desirable results- at the- flowering season or satisfaction from 
succeeding growth. 
To- utilise the light in such a manner that our Orchids may 
obtain the greatest benefits, obtainable is an. art that is a 
great deal too- much neglected. When one- considers that the 
success or failure depends- to a, great extent upon the- pro¬ 
curable light in, the cultivation of Orchids, one cannot neglect 
in the slightest, degree the necessary observance required in 
the manner in which the plants may be benefited by affording 
full opportunity of deriving all the benefits obtainable from 
its use. I am aware o-f several instances where heavy shading 
at .all seasons has been advocated. This lias the effect of 
producing a, remarkably green appearance on the foliage of 
the plants for -a, time, but immature unripe,ning pseudo-bulbs 
in the end brings unsatisfactory results. 
Even, in the Odontogloss-um house- the effect of light is most 
apparent, perhaps, in. the quality of the flowers produced, as 
much as- in. the conditions and annual progress in the growth 
of the- plants. No plants should be shaded at the present 
season of the year, until there is absolute danger of scorching. 
The blinds, should be removed as early as possible- in the after¬ 
noon. When the shading is removed the ventilators should be 
shut and the floors-, stagings-, and between the pots should be 
thoroughly damped. This- will produce- a highly humid tem¬ 
perature, which will enable one to dispense with a large- amount 
of fire heat, and the- excessive moisture will have become dis¬ 
tilled by the time the cooler outside condition of the evenings 
is reached. The fires should be started sufficiently early to 
affc-rd a, little heat from the pipes- -as soon as the temperature 
of the house declines-, which will need to- be increased as the 
normal conditions are- being reached. 
Permanent shading should now be dispensed with. If the 
conditions are likely to- become too- bright, a temporary 
shading such as a, mat or so-me old blinds, may be thrown, 
over the- glass, which will effectually screen the plants until 
such time as any possible scorching is past. 
Damping. —In dull damp weather, or at any time when the 
temperature- inside the house is below the normal, it is de¬ 
sirable that the moisture in. the- atmosphere should be reduced 
