761 
September 5, 1903. 
THE GARDENING WORLD . 
perpetual raised by Ledeohaux in 1875. The new comer is 
also, of course, a hybrid perpetual. 
* * * 
Death of Mr. W. Jarman.— Many old Thanet horticultu¬ 
rists will learn with regret of the death, which took place on 
10th ult., in his fifty-sixth year, of Mr. W. Jarman, head gar¬ 
dener to Mr. Brassey, Preston Hall, Aylesfird, Kent. 
* * * 
Beautiful and Rare Trees and Plants. —We understand 
that Messrs. George Newnes, Limited, 7-12, Southampton Street, 
London, W.C., are preparing for publication a work under the 
above title, by the Earl Annesley. The work is to be illustrated 
by 70 plates, reproductions of original photographs, and, judging 
by the specimens we have received, the photographs are very 
handsome, and give glimpses of beautiful garden scenery. The 
.edition will be limited to 300 copies, at twd guineas each. In¬ 
teresting information is given with each picture relating to the 
principal plant in the respective photographs. If the work is 
carried out on the same style as the photographs before us, it 
will be quite a work of art, and find many admirers. 
* * * 
Fruit Industry in Canada. - At the opening ceremony of the 
Aberdeen Flower Show, Lord Aberdeen, speaking of the im¬ 
portance of fruit growing, said that he himself was a fruit 
grower in this country, but more especially in British Colum¬ 
bia. He was often consulted as to the fruit industry in Canada, 
and the opening it might afford to settlers. He also said that 
competitors need not be alarmed, because he had found no 
difficulty in disposing of 230 tons last year, mostly Apples, and 
he hoped to do better this year. 
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. 
The Editor invites enquiries for reply in this column. These 
enquiries may cover any branch of gardening. Questions should be 
put as briefly as possible , and written on one side of the paper only ; 
a separate sheet of paper should be used for each question. 
Readers are also invited to give their fellow gardeners the benefit 
o+ their experience by sending supplementary replies. 
Replies cannot be sent by post, even if a stamped, addressed 
envelope is enclosed, and the return of specimens cannot be undertaken. 
Anonymous communications are treated in the usual editorial manner. 
Address letters: The Editor, "The Gardening World,” 37 and 
38, Shoe Lane, London, E.C. 
Carrots Failing. (Jones.) 
Many people have a difficulty to raise a crop of clean Carrots 
in old garden soil on account of the Carrot Fly. In your case 
the clay soil is very bad for Carrots, and it would be worth your 
while to do as some other growers, namely, to take out the 
natural soil to a depth of 2§ ft. and make up the soil in which 
they could grow. Loosen up the soil before this, breaking it 
finely with a fork, then it would be well to get some fresh loam 
from any source procurable. This might be mixed with a quan¬ 
tity of clay that has been burnt, which will make it red, and 
consisting for the most part of a fine grit. This might be sifted 
in order to take out any coarser portions, which could then be 
broken fine so as to pass through the sieve like the rest. If you 
can manage to clear out all the stones from the prepared soil 
by sifting so much the better. Should the soil you use be at 
all heavy you could add to it a quantity of sand, a large quan¬ 
tity of wood ashes, and a fair quantity of peat. This will make 
the soil porous and loose, which is very suitable for the growth 
of Carrots. The first preparation of the bed will be the most 
expensive and tedious, but it should last for several years. 
Some good gardeners have adopted this plan, and sow the 
Carrots in the same soil year after year, although before that 
they were unable to get satisfactory crops in the ordinary 
garden soil. 
Weed in Lily Pond. (A Reader.) 
In the case of the green weed at the bottom of the pond, we 
have icund it a very con.enient way to keep down certain small 
weeds of the nature of Algae by keeping plenty of fish in the 
pond. In larger expanses of water aquatic birds frequently 
keep down the weeds very effectively. It may be impossible in 
your case to keep aquatic birds, owing to the situation of the 
pond. In other cases weeds can be kept down by the depth of 
the water and by growing Water Lilies in the same, because if 
the surface were covered with Water Lily leaves weedy vegeta¬ 
tion beneath would be unable to grow for want of sufficient 
light. Besides the white, yellow, and red Water Lilies you 
might also use the yellow flowered floating Limnanthenum pel- 
tatum, whose floating leaves cover the surface. A well-known 
American Water Lily grower, besides hand cleaning, found it 
advantageous to spray the surface occasionally with the fungicide 
known as Bordeaux mixture. If you have Water Lilies and 
other choice plants in the pond you could either remove them 
temporarily if grown in pots or tubs, or dilute the Bordeaux 
mixture with an equal weight of clean water before using it. 
Should the Water Lilies be planted out you could manage to 
syringe the scum and other bare portions without sprinkling 
the leaves of the Water Lilies. It might be worth your while 
making these experiments, especially if you have any valuable 
plants in the pond, because the American grower seems to have 
great belief in this liquid. 
Tomatos Shrivelled Up. (Jones.) 
We are doubtful if the ground bones caused your Tomatos 
to behave as they have done, unless the bones were too fresh 
or there was some deleterious matter mixed with them. We 
rather believe that your other suggestion was the correct one, 
namely, the keeping of the house closely shut up. There is 
no plant that sooner suffers than the Tomato by being kept in 
a close and heavy atmosphere with much moisture in the house. 
More than half the failures in Tomato growing are due to this 
cause alone. We have seen a Tomato house that had no ven- 
tifator in it at all, and we believe the idea was that if the house 
was kept close in that fashion it would save fire heat. During 
the summer time, however, the house always got excessively 
hot, and the plants got destroyed with the various fungi that 
usually attack Tomatos. We should advise you to have ample 
ventilation provided in any house in which you attempt to grow 
Tomatos, so that you can keep the house cool and airy during 
the summer months. At that time also you should keep the 
atmosphere of the house as dry as possible by not throwing 
down water nor allowing it to run about the floor of the house 
wnen watering, if you strive to keep the atmosphere of the 
house dry and buoyant it will save you no end of trouble in 
the matter of disease. In the early part of the season if it 
should happen to be cold and wet it will be worth your while to 
raise the temperature by using artincial heating so as to be 
enabled to put on some ventilation to dry up the superfluous 
moisture which will escape by the top ventilators owing to the 
heat rising from the pipes. You might mention some of the 
trouble which you have at the time they occur, and we should 
be pleased to give directions for avoiding the same or to remedy 
the evil. 
Basket Plants for Porches. (F. A. B.) 
There are several plants, some of which are perfectly hardy, 
others half hardy, and some which are tender, but all of which 
would answer the purpose of growing in a porch freely exposed 
to the passing changes of the atmosphere during the summer 
months. There are several Campanulas, including the well- 
known useful C. isophylla and C. i. alba, than which no better 
could be used. -You may also employ the common Musk, 
Harrison’s Musk, and Creeping Jenny, which makes a fine dis¬ 
play of yellow flowers during their season if it obtains a fair 
amount of sunlight ; but the long trailing stems covered with 
green leaves are always interesting as a basket plant, and in the 
matter of leaves alone it may be relied upon to be effective even 
in shady places. In sunny places .you may also use Saxifraga 
sarmentosa (Mother-of-thousands), Sedum sarmentosum varie- 
gatum, S. Sieboldii, S. Ewersii, and others. Stronger growing 
things are Ivy-leaved Pelargoniums and the larger Indian Cress 
(Tropaeolum majus). The two latter will give most satisfaction 
if they can enjoy a relatively fair amount of sunshine every 
day, that is when sunshine is available. 
Propagating Gooseberries in Autumn. (R. D. K.) 
When the young shoots are ripened and fairly well hardened 
you can take them off during the next month about 12 in. to 
14 in. long, reducing the longest of them to that length. Pre¬ 
pare them in the usual way, taking off all the lower buds and 
leaving only four at the top, so as to make provision for the 
occasional loss of one of them. You will have to cut off all the 
leaves to prevent the loss of moisture in the shoots by that 
means. Make trenches in the usual way in some spare border, 
and insert the cuttings, making them very firm. About 3 in. 
below the buds you leave should be left out of the soil so as 
to form a stem for the young bush. These cuttings will be 
rooted by spring and ready to grow away strongly, so that you 
