THE CULTIVATOR. 
According to the laws of nature, animal and vegetable life are both very 
xnu0h influenced by the temperature in which they exist; we therefore find dif¬ 
ferent kinds of vegetables, and a different race of animals, appropriated to the 
different climates of the earth.— Parke. We should, therefore, study to give 
to exotics the temperature and soil, as far as practicable, in which they flou¬ 
rished in their native clime. , , 
As evaporation produces cold, condensation always occasions heat; that is, 
caloric is always evolved from those bodies which have undergone any degree 
of condensation. In the one case, caloric is absorbed; in the other, it is set at 
llb By 5 the collision of flint and steel, so much caloric is disengaged, that the 
metallic particles which are struck off, are actually melted thereby. This is 
evident from their being always found in a sperical form. 
If iron filings and sulphur be mixed into a paste with water, a sulphuret of 
iron will be formed, which decomposes the water and absorbs oxygen so rapid¬ 
ly that the mixture takes fire, even though it be buried under ground. 
If the bulb of a thermometer be immersed in a mixture of snow and com¬ 
mon salt, the mercury will fall to at least 32° below the freezing point of wa¬ 
ter; and if the instrument be then removed from that mixture, and put simply 
into a mass of snow, the mercury will be so much heated by the change, as 
to rise 32°; so that snow, which appears to the hand to be totally void of all 
heat, contains sufficient to raise the thermometer many degrees." 
Water not only becomes converted into steam by heat, but when it is re¬ 
ceived into the atmosphere, if the air be warm, it becomes so far changed by 
its union with the matter of heat as to be perfectly invisible. In this state, it 
occupies a space 1,400 times greater than its ordinary liquid state. The vapor 
arising from boiling water, is visible only in consequence of its being partially 
condensed by a cold atmosphere, as may be demonstrated by causing water to 
boil in a Florence flask, over a lamp; for, in this case, the steam within the 
neck of the case will be found to be entirely invisible. 
Bishop Watson found, by experiment, that when there had been no rain for 
a considerable time, and the earth was dried by the parching heat of summer, 
it still dispersed into the air, above 1,600 gallons of water to the acre, during 
twelve hours of a summers’ day. 
The ocean loses many millions of gallons of water hourly, by evaporation. 
The Mediterranean is said to lose more by evaporation, than it receives from 
the Nile, the Tiber, the Rhone, the Po, and all the other rivers that fall into 
it. The water is conveyed by the winds, to every part of the continents: 
these it fertilizes in the form of rain, and afterwards supplies the rivers, which 
flow again into the sea. This is one of those continual circulations whereby 
all matter is made to subserve various purposes, which have been devised by 
the Creator for the promotion of his beneficent designs. , 
“ The beauteous sun 
Lifts the bright clouds sublime, and spreads them thin, 
Fleecy and white, o’er all surrounding heaven.” 
Evaporation is, in this climate, more than four times as much in summer as in 
winter. Heat facilitates all solutions; and the greater the difference between 
the temperature of the air and the evaporating surface, the greater will be the 
evaporation. 
This principle of evaporation not only is the cause of all rain, mist, dew, snow, 
&c., but it moderates the effect of the sun’s heat, by carrying off an immense 
quantity of caloric, (or heat,) in combination with the watery vapors. Were it 
not for the cold produced by evaporation, we should faint under any great bodily 
exertion, or die by excessive heat. But Nature, always provident, has furnish¬ 
ed man with a fluid, which, insensibly perspiring and becoming evaporated 
from the surface of the body, is the vehicle which carries off' the superabun¬ 
dant heat, as fast as it is generated. Cold-blooded animals, whose temperature 
is regulated by the medium in which they live, never perspire ; but man, who 
was intended to live in a variety of climates, and designed for active exerlion, 
is thus preserved from the effects of heat, which would otherwise be destruc¬ 
tive. The blood of an inhabitant of the torrid zone, is no warmer than that of 
an inhabitant of the mountains of Lapland; which may be proved by placing 
a thermometer upon the tongue or under the arm. The various means which 
have been thus adopted, for the promotion of our convenience and comfort, are 
full of instruction, and highly gratifying to every reflecting mind. 
The operation of this principle may be made apparent by the following ex¬ 
periment:—Take a small tube, with a little water in it, fold a little lint round 
it, and having immersed it in ether till the lint is soaked through, hold it in 
the air for the ether to evaporate. The cold produced by the evaporation will 
cause the water in the tube to freeze.— Parke. 
The COMMON SCHOOL ASSISTANT, a monthly publication of eight 
quarto pages, conducted by J. Orville Taylor, and devoted to the improve¬ 
ment of Common Schools and the education of teachers, is published at this 
office, at fifty cents per annum, in advance. 
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55 
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Pa. 
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11 
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Ohio, 22 
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N.J. 
26 
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Va. 
11 
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Va. 
11 
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Pa. 
25 
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20 
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18 
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20 
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11 
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13 
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PRICE CURRENT. 
Do not reckon any thing your own that can be given away.— 
Pub. Syr. All worldly posses ions are of doubtful tenure, but 
virtue, philosophy and an enlightened mind, we may call our own. 
Nothing flies so swift as calumny—nothing is so easily propa¬ 
gated—nothing is so readily received—nothing is more widely dis¬ 
seminated.— Cicero. Take care, then, that you do not originate, or 
give currency, to that which may do unjust and irreparable injury 
to your neighbor. 
You do not value it greatly, because it came by accident.— Hor. 
The windfalls of fortune are less valued, and dissipated more pro¬ 
fusely, than property which is the fruit of our own industrious ope¬ 
rations. 
* Sheep, fed with salt on the snow, are known to be afflicted with sore 
mouths. Their mouths become absolutely frozen by the intense cold produc¬ 
ed by this mixture of salt and snow. This is a serious admonition to stock- 
farmers. 
ARTICLES. 
N. York. 
April 19. 
Boston. 
April 16. 
Philadel’a. 
April 14. 
Baltimore. 
April 14. 
Beans white, bush. 
2 25.. 
2 50 
2 00. 
. 2 50 
..2 25 
1 25..1 50 
Beef, best, cwt. 
..13 75 
12 75. 
.13 90 
11 0..12 0 
8 50..8 75 
Butter, fresh, pound,. 
25.. 
31 
20. 
. 22 
18.. 20 
20.. 25 
Cheese, pound, . 
8.. 
12 
8. 
9 
10.. 12 
Flour, best, bbl. 
7 00.. 
7 81 
8 00. 
. 8 56 
6 89.. 
7 25..8 25 
Grain —Wheat, bushel, .. 
1 62.. 
1 40..1 45 
1 38..1 45 
Rye, do. 
1 25.. 
1 30 
1 20. 
. 1 25 
95.. 
90.. 95 
Oats, do. 
50.. 
52 
60. 
. 65 
50.. 52 
46.. 
Corn, do. 
90.. 
94 
92. 
. 98 
.. 90 
80.. 85 
Seeds —Red Clover, lb... 
10.. 
11 
10. 
. 11 
8.. 9 
8a • • 
11.. 
12 
2 00..3 00 
Wool —Saxony, fleece, lb. 
70.. 
85 
65. 
. 75 
70.. 75 
Merino, lb. 
50.. 
65 
55. 
. 65 
62.. 68 
1-4 and com. lb... 
40.. 
48 
40. 
. 45 
42.. 47 
Pulled, lb. 
18.. 
55 
30. 
. 60 
20.. 56 
Sheep,. 
4 50. 
. 6 00 
Cows and Calves,. 
18 00. 
.30 00 
FROM THE STEAM-PRESS OF PACKARD & VAN BENTHUYSEN. 
