4 
the cultivator. 
be filled, in a few years, with thrifty foliage. For two or three 
years the intervals may be ploughed carefully, and cropped with 
potatoes, beans, k.c. r the tillage of which will facilitate the growth 
of the mulberries. Plants for half standards may be taken from 
the nursery at two years, and if very thrifty, at one year old. In 
all cases it is advisable to transplant the mulberry, at the north, in 
the spring, and the earlier the better. The object of this mode of 
planting is, to raise the greatest quantity of leaves from a given 
area of ground, and to facilitate the gathering of them. When re¬ 
quired for a hedge, the plants may be one or two years old. The 
preparation of the ground and planting are the same as directed for 
the locust in the last Cullivator. A neat way of training this hedge 
is to cut down the plants the first year, to within four or six inches 
of the ground, leaving two buds, and after another year’s growth, 
to bend down or lay one of the new sprouts, in the line of the fence, 
and tie it to the next plant, and to leave the other sprout to grow 
upright. The buds from the laid sprout will send up shoots and fill 
the intervals. The plants may be set fifteen inches apart. Sprouts 
springing from the roots should in all cases be cut away, unless 
they are wanted for layers. The method of managing this process 
we intend to describe in our next, accompanied with a cut. It is 
recommended that small trees, intended for spring planting, should 
fee taken up the preceding fall, and buried in great part or wholly, 
to protect them from injury during the winter. 
The Cocoonery'is the place where the worms are to be fed, which 
should be sufficiently tight to protect them from stormy or severe 
weather, and so fitted that it may be thoroughly ventilated when 
the weather is mild and fair. A spare room of the house, or an out 
building, will serve for beginners on a small scale. This must be 
furnished with a table, or shelves to depositethe worms upon. The 
best way seems to be to frame four posts together, say four by 
three feet square, into which are fitted three or four frames for the 
worms to feed upon, the centre of which to be filled with meshes of 
cat<rut or twine, and others directly under them, covered with pa¬ 
per. The object of which is, to have all the filth and excrements 
pass through the meshes on to the paper slide, which may be with¬ 
drawn and cleaned without disturbing the worms. The paper frame 
should be so near the other, that if the worms fall through the 
meshes, they may be able reach it and get up again, which they 
will do for the leaves, which are always laid upon the mesh frames. 
THE YOUNG CITIZEN’S MANUAL. 
This is the title of a small volume just published by O. Steele, 
of this city, of 220 pages, 13 mo., price 50 cents, designed for 
schools and the instruction ot young persons generally, from the 
pen of ALFRED CONKLING, Esq., district judge of the north¬ 
ern district of New-York, well known as a scholar, a jurist and a 
gentleman. The object of the writer is to instruct our young men 
in the principles of our government, and in their duties as citizens. 
The object has been well carried out. The work is admirably ad¬ 
apted to the ends contemplated. It is divided into three parts: 
the first is an essay on the principles of civil government, and treats 
of the necessity of civil government, of the form of our own, and 
of the necessity of understanding its principles. Part 2, is a sy¬ 
nopsis of the criminal code of New-York, explains the grades of fe¬ 
lonies and misdemeanors, and the punishments which are by law 
attached to each—as also of the crimes and punishments defined by 
the laws of the United States. Part 3, has reference to such of our 
civil laws as are most important to be understood by the common 
citizen. The extract which we subjoin, on the reasonableness of 
submitting to the laws, must suffice, for the present, as a specimen 
of the matter and style of the author. 
“ Should I, therefore, hear a man railing against the laws of his country, be¬ 
cause they did not allow him to act in all respects as he pleased, I should set 
him down as a most unreasonable person. And if I should think it worth 
while to attempt to convince him of his folly, I would expostulate with him 
thus: 
“ Your complaints are without foundation : for, in the first place, you are at 
liberty to do all that your fellow-citizens are permitted to do. There is, there¬ 
fore, in this respect, a perfect equality between you and the other members of 
society. But there is a much better reason why you ought not to complain 
“ You in fact enjoy far more liberty than you could if there were no laws; 
you think it a hardship that you are not permitted to do as you please. But 
remember, that if you had this license, others would also have it. And, sup- 
ose it should please some man stronger than yourself, to drive you out of your 
ouse, and keep possession of it himself; to take away your horse; to stop you 
on the highway; to break your bones; to blast you in your reputation; or to 
destroy your life; there being no law forbidding such acts, and no human pu¬ 
nishment for them, this man would probably do his pleasure. 
“ The law which restrains your freedom, lest you should do harm to others,, 
is therefore your best friend; because it restrains others from doing harm to- 
you. Without it you would have no security for your property, your person, 
or even your life. 
“ Thus then we see, that those laws which are necessary for the mainte¬ 
nance of good order in society, are beneficial to each individaal member of it:: 
for although by entering into a society subject to civil government, we give up 
a share of our personal independence, we are more than compensated by the 
security we obtain for the rights which remain to us.' r 
Comparativelj- few of our people are familiar with the rights and 
duties of citizens, or with the principles of our civil government. 
They have been too much engaged in providing for the wants of 
life, to study into the nature of their civil and social duties; and 
the schools, where they might have acquired this knowledge, taught 
little of it. There are a thousand derelictions of duty, and petty 
offences against the good order of society, not punishable by law, 
which men commit from ignorance, or without knowing or reflect¬ 
ing upon their evil tendency. Where these are not only tolerated,, 
but applauded, as they too often are, by the ignorant and the inte¬ 
rested, it is no wonder that they should multiply, and too often, 
grow into crimes. It is not the restraints of criminal law that can 
work a reformation in the heart, for where those most abound, and 
are most sanguinary in their punishments, we find that crime most 
abounds ; it is the consciousness, impressed indelibly upon the hu¬ 
man mind, of our moral and social obligations—and the conv ction,. 
growing out of our social relations, that it is our interest, and great¬ 
est source of true happiness, as well as a sacred duty, to respect 
the rights, opinions and properity of others, to the same extent 
that we ask others to re.-pect these in us. If these precepts are 
taught in the schools, and imprinted on the ductile minds of youth, 
as they would be by instructing them in the objects, principles and 
necessity of civil government—in the rights and duties of citizens, 
and in the tendency and punishment of crime, they would become 
leading maxims in life, and result in much good to society. We- 
are a new people, not only in history, but in government, manners 
and habits, and wc ought consequently to be so in education and 
knowledge. There are no foreign precedents fitted to our condi¬ 
tion. Under the governments of the old world, where power is 
monopolized by the few, the few only need be instructed in the 
principles of civil government—because the commonalty have only 
to obey. But with us the commonalty do and must exercise the 
prerogatives of sovereignty—they must give the impress to our po¬ 
litical and social institutions—and they ought perfectly to under¬ 
stand the principles of the government which they control, the du¬ 
ties of its officers, and the rights and duties of its citizens. Hence 
the necessity of school books, adapted to our institutions and con¬ 
dition of society, which shall instruct and invigorate the mind, in 
the high duties of civil and social life, while the bone and muscle 
of the body are acquiring strength and vigor, so that both may si¬ 
multaneously acquire maturity, and be fitted to perform the offices 
of manhood at the same time. Of this class of books we consider 
the “ Young Citizen’s Manual,” and we therefore recommend it, 
not only for schools, but as a fit companion of young men who have 
entered upon the stage of business life, as the lest book for this pur¬ 
pose that has fallen under our observation. 
The “ Young Citizen’s Manual ” has been unanimously adopted, 
by the trustees, as a class-book in the Albany Academy. 
“Public and Private Economy, by Theodore SEDGWicK,”/ro?n 
the press of the Harpers, 12 mo. pp 264—1836. Price 75 cents. 
This is a small and cheap volume that may be read with interest 
and profit by every class of American citizens, from the day laborer 
to the man of princely opulence, and which we respectfully beg 
leave to recommend to their consideration. It is adapted to the in¬ 
stitutions and habits of our country; and if the principles which it 
inculcates are carried out in practice, it cannot but tend greatly to 
advance our happiness and to perpetuate our freedom. 
The object of this volume is to make our people, what Cobbet 
long ago denominated them, “ a thinking people” —to teach them 
that they are yet deficient in many of the comforts and enjoyments 
which constitute the true happiness of man, but which are accessi¬ 
ble to all, or a great portion of our population, under the highly fa¬ 
vored condition in which Providence has placed them;—that 
wealth, obtained by honest labor, whether mental or bodily, both 
