72 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
a peculiar acid, called the huinic, which forms with lime a salt spa¬ 
ringly soluble in water. The generation of this salt also serves to 
render the noutriment contained in the soil more lasting. 
6. Lime and its compounds are absolutely necessary, as consti¬ 
tuent parts, to the growth of manv plants. The sulphate is essen¬ 
tial to the growth of clover, and the phosphate to that of wheat.— 
Hence the efficacy of plaster of Paris and crushed bones as manures. 
7. If lime or its sulphate be employed as the means of raising 
green crops, which have but small exhausting powers, the fertility 
of a soil may be maintained by ploughing them in, or increased by 
using them to feed cattle whose manure is applied to the ground. 
RULES FOR MANAGING THE MADDER CROP. 
[From Rarlcliff’s Flanders .] 
1st. The most suitable soil, a soft sandy loam, with two or three 
feet depth of earth, that the roots may run down without obstruc¬ 
tion. 
3d. The land to be well ploughed and laid up in high ridges in 
autumn, when the madder is intended to be planted in the spring. 
It should be well cleansed from couch and all other weeds. 
3d. In spring, plough with the deepest furrow, and let the bot¬ 
tom be still deepened by the spade. 
4th. Plant from the middle to the latter end of April, rake the 
ground well and lay it up in ridges, if disposed to be wet; if not, 
plant in rows at 18 inches interval upon the level. 
5th. Mark out the rows with a line, and dibble in the plants at 12 
inches in the row; secure them well in the ground, covering as lit¬ 
tle of the green as possible. 
6th. Take the slips with as much root as possible if to be carri¬ 
ed far; take them when they begin to bud out, pack so that they be 
not heated, and if withered, set them upright in water previous to 
planting. 
7th. Plant nothing in the intervals, but as the madder grows high, 
turn it occasionally from side to side, earthing up the roots, at the 
side from which the haulm is turned. The interval must be stirred 
at the same time, and the stragling shoots cut off; thus the roots 
will be strengthened to yield a double increase. 
8th. Madder should remain three years (but some gather it at 
two years, with less profit.) The slips of the second and third 
years’ growth are the best to plant, and should be taken in the 
spring, when about an inch above ground. 
9th. In autumn when the haulm is withered off, earth up the rows, 
against the frost, and in spring hoe the intervals, and weed; attend 
the turning of the haulm in the summer, and dig between the rows 
till the season of the gathering, viz., about Michaelmas. 
10th. In the third autumn, when the haulm is withered off, dig a 
trench along the first row of madder, three feet deep, as near to the 
roots as may be, to receive the earth in diggingup the roots. Each 
digger must have three pickers to gather the roots and clear them 
from the earth. Lay them thin upon the ground, but free from 
wet; the whole ground must be dug the same depth of the first 
trench, that the roots may be all fairly got out; it will be the best 
preparative for any other crop: viz. Wheat, or garden stuff; as 
the same ground should not be planted again with madder in less 
than six years. 
11th. Lying in heaps or taking rain, will discolour, therefore the 
sooner the roots are carried to the drying house the better. 
12th. The drying house should be defended from wet on all sides, 
but open to a free air. The roots should be spread on hurdles, 
placed at a convenient distance for that purpose, one over the other. 
Here they must remain till they are dry enough to rub the dirt 
clean off, and then they are to be removed to the cold kiln. 
13th. The kiln for hops or malt will serve for madder, with the 
addition of a ventilator to preserve the colour. 
14th. On the first kiln they are to be dried with a gentle heat, 
being carefully turned, till they are dry enough to part with their 
husks, which are to be threshed off on a common threshing floor, 
clean swept, and then packed up separately. These sell at a much 
cheaper rate than the inside madder, under the name of mull. The 
inull is sold for about 15s. per cwt. and usually pays the expence 
of drying and cleaning. 
15t,h. When the mull is threshed oft’, the roots must be dried a 
second time, with a hotter fire, but great care must be taken that 
it be not too fierce, so as to discolour the madder, for on the bright¬ 
ness of the colour depends the price. 
16th. The last process of the madder is pounding and casking. 
As there are no pounding houses in England, any common stam¬ 
pers worked by wind, water, or cattle, may be made to answer. 
It should be our care not to lead a long, but rather a good life.— 
Seneca. The true estimate is to be formed, not from the number of 
our years, but from our good actions. The prolongation of life de¬ 
pends not on man, but the glory and credit of virtuous conduct is 
all his own. 
There is no period of life to which the exercise of the faculty of 
learning is limited.— Lai. In every stage of existence, our faculties 
may be improved, and our minds expanded by learning. 
OCT’ Several communications have been unavoidably omitted We are 
obliged to prepare our copy by the 20th of each month, for the next number. 
The COMMON SCHOOL ASSISTANT, a monthly publication of eight 
quarto pages, conducted by J. Orville Taylor, and devoted to the improve¬ 
ment of Common Schools and the education of teachers, is published at this 
office, at fifty cents per annum, in advance. 
RECEIPTS.—We have received payments for the number of subscribers 
indicated below, between the 19th April and 21st May inclusive. Numbers 
under ten not noticed. 
Post-Offices. 
Augusta, One. 11 
Auburn, Cay. 18 
Ashville, N. C. 21 
Alexandriana, N. C. 11 
Alexandria, D. C. 15 
Brookesgrove, Liv. 11 
Brooklyn, Kings, 23 
Brooklin, Ct. 17 
Benton, Yates, 23 
Baltimore, Md. 16 
"Boston, Mass. 47 
Barnard, Vt. 12 
Belvidere, N. J. 15 
"Bennington, Vt. 43 
Coxsackie, Greene, 13 
Cleues, Ohio, 11 
Cambridge, Wash. 12 
Cranberry, N. J. 12 
"Clyde, Wayne, 45 
Cheraw, S. C. 14 
Charleston, N. H. 22 
Clifton Park, Sar. 13 
Garrolton, Ill. 11 
"Cooperstown, Ots. 33 
Colchester, Ct. 13 
Christianburgh, Va. 11 
"Centreville, Md. 25 
Decatur, Ots. 12 
Danbury, N. H. 10 
Danbury, Ct. 19 
"Elmira, Tioga, 42 
Exeter, Ots. 18 
Fairfield, Pa. 11 
"Flemington, N. J. 19 
Post-Offices. 
Frankfort, Herk. 10 
Galliopolis, 10 
Geneseo, Liv. 14 
Gainesville, Ala. 22 
Geneva, Ont. 26 
Highland, Mich. 11 
Harbor Creek, Pa. 11 
Hammondsport, Steu. 12 
Kane, Ill. 11 
Kingston, Ulst. 15 
Laurens, Ots. 17 
Langhorns, Va. 11 
"Liverpool, Onon. 18 
Loretto, Va. 25 
Lovingston, Va. 11 
Maumee, Ohio, 14 
Middlebury, Vt. 13 
Marcellus, Onon. 21 
"Milan, Ohio, 22 
Malone. Frank. 11 
Manchester, N. II. 10 
Moorestown, N. J. 33 
Marshall, One. 12 
Maria creek, Ind. 11 
Newark Valley, Tioga, 13 
Norwich, Ct. 22 
New Scotland, Alb. 11 
New Bedford, Pa. 17 
"New-York City, 58 
"Owego, Tioga, 31 
Orange c. h. Va. 11 
Palestine, Ill. 11 
Povvhattan c. h. Va. 10 
Peekskill, West. 22 
Post-Offices. 
Pickaway, Ohio, 11 
"Plattsburgh, Clin. 15 
"Philadelphia, Pa. 67 
Prospect, Va. 11 
Penn-Yan, Yates, 11 
"Poughkeepsie, Dutch. 31 
"Plymouth, Ct. 13 
Pembroke, Mass. 12 
Rosendale, Uls. 11 
Rockville, Md. 11 
Rock Hall, Md. 11 
Schoharie c. h. 12 
Sugar Grove, Pa. 12 
Shelbyville, Tenn. 10 
Steubenville, Ohio, 17 
Savage, Md. 10 
St. Louis, Mo. 13 
"Stone Ridge, Uls. 14 
"Salisbury, Ct. 29 
Tolland, Ct. 20- 
Utica, Oneida, 30 
Union, N. H. 11 
Vermilion ville, La. 11 
Willimansett, Mass. 10 
Weavers ville, Pa. 11 
"Winchester, Tenn. 55 
Wilbraham, Mass. 10 
Waterloo, S. C. 11 
Wallingford, Vt. 11 
Williamstown, Os. 12 
Wynantskill, Rens. 14 
York Inn, Va. 11 
Ypsilanti, Mich. 16 
" Including former payments. 
PRICK CURRENT. 
ARTICLES. 
N. York. 
May 23. 
Boston. 
May 16. 
Philadel’a. 
May 23. 
Baltimore. 
April 14. 
Beans white, bush . 
2 25.. 2 50 
2 00.. 2 50 
..2 25 
1 25..1 50 
Beef, best, cwt. 
8 00..10 50 
10 50..10 75 
8 00.. 8 50 
6 25..6 50 
10 75 
8 50..8 75 
Butter, fresh, pound,. 
22.. 24 
22.. 27 
17.. 19 
20.. 25 
Cheese, pound, . 
10.. 12 
10.. 12 
10.. 12 
Flour, best, bbl. 
6 37.. 7 00 
8 37.. 8 56 
6 62 
7 25..8 25 
Grain —Wheat, bushel, .. 
1 62.. 
1 40..1 45 
l 38..1 45 
Rye, do. 
86.. 90 
1 20.. 1 25 
95.. 
90.. 95 
Oats, do. 
42.. 53 
60.. 70 
50.. 52 
46.. 
Corn, do. 
88.. 92 
92.. 1 00 
.. 90 
80.. 85 
Seeds —Red Clover, lb... 
61 .. 7.J 
12.. 13 
8.. 9 
81. ■ 
Timothy, bushel,. 
2 75.. 2 80 
3 87 
2 00..3 00 
2 50..3 00 
Wool—S axony, fleece, lb. 
70.. 75 
65.. 75 
70.. 75 
55.. 68 
Merino, lb . 
50.. 65 
55.. 65 
67.. 70 
48 .. 55 
1-4 and com. lb... 
Sheep.. 
45.. 52 
40.. 45 
5 00..12 00 
45.. 60 
36.. 40 
Cows and Calves,. 
18 00..42 50 
20 00..50 00 
20 0..45 0 
FROM THE STEAM PRESS OF PACKARD & VAN BEN'l’HUYSEN. 
