THE CULTIVATOR. 
141 
entry. The advertising sheet which we shall publish in February, 
will afford an excellent opportunity of notifying the public of these 
matters—as our edition is 18,000, and our circulation extends into 
every state and territory of the Union, and into the Canadas. 
O’ We beg to remind those who are in arrear for small balances, 
that these arrears, though individually trivial, are great in number, 
and important to us—that their aggregate amount probably exceeds 
the profits of the establishment. A moment’s reflection will satisfy 
any one, that we cannot, if we would, compel payment, from per¬ 
sons scattered over the whole union—and we do not like to be dis¬ 
courteous to those who promise fair. The Cultivator was establish¬ 
ed for the public good, and we ask for the co-operation of the friends 
of improvement in rendering it so. All amounts sent us, for the con¬ 
venience of transmission, beyond what is due, will be faithfully placed 
to the credit of the sender on the next volume. 
TO CORRESPONDENTS. 
“A Watervliet Farmer” cannot reconcile two apparently con¬ 
tradictory quotations which he makes from pages 94 and 101 of the 
Cultivator, in regard to the application of lime. The first quota¬ 
tion is from Davy, in which he disapproves of the mixing of quick¬ 
lime with manure. The other is from M. Puvis, in which he recom¬ 
mends the using at the same time lime and mould, and alimentary 
manure. The seeming contradiction may be reconciled by refer¬ 
ring to what precedes the last quotation. M. Puvis recommends a 
compost of eight parts of mould to one of lime, to be made in ad¬ 
vance, perhaps three or six months, to be used for autumn sowing. 
The quantity of lime being only 11 £ per acre, and mixed with eight 
times its volume of mould, must loose its causticity and become 
carbonate of lime, ere it comes in contact with the manure in au¬ 
tumn. Or if applied in conjunction, in compost recently made, the 
small portion of lime might not sensibly injure the manure. 
Our reply to some dozen or fifteen queries propounded to us by 
Harvey Birch, whose letter bears a North Carolina postmark, must 
be brief, because a physician cannot well prescribe for a patient un¬ 
til he sees him, or knows his disorder. Mr. Birch occupies a dis¬ 
eased, or worn out farm, which he says may be called a loam, vary¬ 
ing from yellow to blackish-brown, and he wishes to be informed of 
the efEcacy of leached ashes, river sand and the sweepings of a ful¬ 
ling mill. Drawn or leached ashes do not afford vegetable food.— 
They sometimes improve the mechanical texture of soils, and serve 
as mordants, like carbonate of lime and marl, to fix other manures in 
the soil, and are beneficially applied to soils which are improved by 
calcareous earths. Drawn ashes may be applied at the rate of 50 
to 200 bushels per acre, according to the deficiency of calcareous 
earth in the soil—the greater this deficiency, the greater should be 
the dressing. They may be harrowed in, and, like calcareous 
earths, are beneficial to the wheat crop. Their value is not impair¬ 
ed by long exposure. Sand improves a stiff soil, but not a light one, 
and imparts no fertility, except by the organic matter which it may 
contain. The sweepings of the fulling mill are a rich manure, in 
proportion to the quantity of wool and oil, or grease, which they 
contain. From 20 to 40 bushels per acre may produce a good ef¬ 
fect. All decidious trees and shrubs, may be transplanted at any 
time after the leaves have been killed by frost in autumn, and be¬ 
fore they put forth in the spring. Remove suckers of fruit trees at 
the same season. Roots are necessary to their growth. To kill 
the stumps of trees, cut their sprouts often, particularly in August. 
Calcaleous earth may be discovered by acids ; silex and clay maybe 
determined by the eye, the hand, or by rubbing upon glass : the first 
will effervesce, the second will scratch the glass. The best season 
to cut the timber and brush on what the yankees cali a fallow, with a 
view to clearing the land, is when the foliage is fully out. If the ob¬ 
ject is timber or fuel, the cutting should be made when the foliage is off. 
BEEF, PORK, BUTTER, LARD AND HAY, 
Constitute heavy items of export from our state. Their character, and con¬ 
sequent price, nt home and abroad, depend much upon the manner in which 
they are put up. The statute has imposed statutory regulations, which it is 
important that every dealer in those articles should be acquainted with. We 
therefore copy from Gordon’s Gazetteer o! New-York, an abstract of the laws 
prescribing the modes of putting up these articles for foreign market. 
OF BEEF AND FORK. 
1. No beef or pork may be exported or shipped for exportation, 
unless previously inspected, pickled and branded by a duly qualified 
inspector according to law ; except, that to the Canadas by way of 
the lakes or river St. Lawrence and that brought into this state from 
any of the United States, and packed and branded agreeably to the 
law’s of the state whence brought; and except beef put up by a li¬ 
censed butcher in barrels, half barrels, tubs or kegs for ship stores, 
or in kegs or tubs for exportation if put up by the butcher killing 
the same, with his name and the weight contained branded on the 
head of each such package. 
He who ships or attempts to ship beef or pork contrary to the 
foregoing provisions, forfeits 15 dollars for every barrel and half 
barrel. 
2. Each inspector, before entering on office, gives bond with one 
or more sureties to the state, approved by, and filed with, the clerk 
of his county, in the sum of $2000, conditioned for the faithful per¬ 
formance of his duties; and provides sufficient store or yard for 
such beef and pork as may be brought for inspection, in some con¬ 
venient place, without charge, if the inspected beef or pork be re¬ 
moved within three days after notice given to the owner or agent of 
repackage. 
Barrels in which beef or pork is repacked are of seasoned white 
oak or white ash, free from every defect, measuring 17 j inches be¬ 
tween the chines, and 28 inches long; hooped with 12 hickory, 
white oak or other substantial hoops, and if ash staves, with 14 
hoops at lea°t; the heads not less than three-fourths of an inch 
thick, and staves on each edge and at the bilge, not less than half 
an inch thick—the hoops well set and driven—branded on the bilge, 
with at least the initials of the cooper’s name. The half barrels in 
proportion to and of like materials as the barrels, and containing not 
less than 15 nor more than 16 gallons. The barrel contains 200, 
and the half barrel 100 lbs. 
When repacked in and exported from Suffolk, Kings or Queens 
counties, the barrels may be as nearly straight as possible, of sea¬ 
soned red oak of the growth of such counties respectively, free from 
sap or other defect, and otherwise made as above directed, and may 
be exported from the city of New-York without re-examination. If 
beef or pork be repacked, it is pickled with saturated brine, and 
when in larger casks than above prescribed, is condemned, or the 
casks are filled up by the inspector with good meat, at the election 
and expense of the owner. 
The inspector examines and sorts all beef and pork he in¬ 
spects, and brands none not well fatted, and packed in proper casks. 
3. Three qualities of pork are branded; the first consists of the 
sides of fat hogs, exclusively, and is branded “ Mess Pork the se¬ 
cond, of which there is in a barrel, not more than three shoulders, 
having the legs cut off at the knee joint, nor more than 24 lbs. of 
heads without ears, and the snouts cut off to the opening of the 
jaws, and the brains and bloody gristle taken away, and the remain¬ 
der made up of side, neck and tail pieces, is branded “ Prime Pork.” 
The third, of which there is not in a barrel more than thirty pounds 
of head, and four shoulders, and the remainder being merchantable 
pork, is branded “ Cargo Pork.” This pork so repacked is cut from 
the backbone to the belly in pieces about five inches wide, weighing 
not less than four pounds; otherwise the barrels are not branded as 
merchantable. 
For every barrel branded there is required 16 quarts of salt, 
equal in weight to Turks Island salt, and a strong new pickle; but 
if pork be inspected and branded when fresh, not less than 24 quarts 
of such salt, exclusive of such pickle is requisite. 
Thin, soft, rusty, meazly or tainted pork is never branded, but the 
inspector marks the head of the barrel with paint, and his name, 
which designates its true character; and the altering his mark or 
brand, or adding thereto, contrary to law, is punishable for every 
barrel so altered or shipped, or attempted to be shipped, by a fine of 
10 dollars, to the use of the person suing therefor. 
No beef is repacked for exportation unless of fat cattle, not 
under three years old, in pieces as square as may be, not exceeding 
12 nor under 4 lbs. weight. Such beef is divided into four sorts: 
“ Extra Mess,” consisting of the most choice pieces of the fattest 
cattle, weighing not less than 600 lbs. exclusive of hide and tallow. 
“ Mess Beef,” of the choice pieces of large and fat cattle, without 
hocks, shanks, clods or necks, and may contain two choice rounds 
not exceeding 10 lbs. each. “Prime Beef,” of pieces of good fat 
cattle, containing in a barrel not more than one half neck, two shanks 
with the hocks cut off’ the hind legs at the smallest place above 
the joint. “ Cargo Beef,” of such eattle, with a proportion of good 
pieces, not more than one half of a neck, three shanks with the 
