THE CULTIVATOR. 
173 
ting common school teachers. This sum would maintain GO pupils, 
with the labor they would have to perform, at an agricultural school. 
If each county should be permitted to send an indigent youth, of 
high promise, upon these terms, would not the state be as much be- 
nefitted, from this expenditure, as it is now 1 This, to be sure, would 
be but a beginning. But to begin right is the great point. A pro¬ 
ject well begun is easily prosecuted. 
Influenced by the considerations which we have sketched, a num 
her of gentlemen last winter, applied for, and obtained an act of in¬ 
corporation to establish a school of agriculture. To evince that it 
was not designed as a matter of speculation, the stockholders are re¬ 
stricted to a dividend of five per cent, per annum, upon their invest¬ 
ment ; and to render it a truly practical, as well as a scientific school, 
the law enjoins, that during the eight summer months, the teachers, 
as well as the pupils, shall appropriate one half of their time to prac¬ 
tical agriculture. Owing to the death of one of the principal pro¬ 
jectors, John B. Yates, esq., and the indisposition and pressing en¬ 
gagements of most of the others, but very little has hitherto been 
done towards filling up the stock. What will be the ultimate result 
of the project we do not pretend to say; but we have directed the 
attention of our readers to the subject, at this time, under the be¬ 
lief, that it is one of great importance to the community, and in the 
hope of interesting the public feeling in its behalf. 
THE APPLE ORCHARD. 
cultivated. The nutritive properties of the apple depend upon the 
quantity of saccharine matter they contain, or the specific gravity of 
their juice ; and the difference in flavor, and in their cooking proper¬ 
ties, are not sufficiently regarded, and not generally known. We 
have probably the finest varieties of this fruit, of any country in the 
world, which come to maturity in succession, so as to afford a supply 
for the family the whole year; and yet probably not one family in a 
thousand enjoy them, or know of the existence of the better half. 
WHO ARE THE ROGUES] ~ 
The frequent failures in the receipt of monies alleged to have 
been mailed to our address, particularly during the last year, induces 
us to publish the following memoranda of failures, for the benefit 
of the public and the post-office department. It expresses the dates 
at which the letters purport to have been mailed, the post-office, the 
amount enclosed, and the name of the post-master. 
February 22, Moorestown, N. J. $15, G. Page. 
March 18, Caanan Centre, N. Y. 3, G. Bristol. 
February 24, Lysander, N. Y. 10, C. C. Hubbard. 
April 4, Lynchburgh, Va. 5, Benjn. Wilks. 
April 8, Jersey Shore, Pa. 5, S. Winchester. 
October 3, Thompson’s Store, Ya. 5, J. H. Fox. 
Besides the foregoing, previous failures of $5 from Red-Hook, 
and Physic Springs, and one dollar bills from several offices, have 
occurred. 
In a mistaken zeal to eradicate the seeds of intemperance, we are 
afraid that some, by destroying their apple orchards, are not only di¬ 
minishing their innocent family comforts, but are seriously impairing 
their means of honest farm profits. We do not advocate the orchard 
on account of the alcohol its fruit affords on distillation—such a prac¬ 
tice we deprecate ;—nor will we urge letotalers to cultivate the apple 
for cider, if they deem this liquor hurtful—though we still adhere to 
the “steady habits” of our New-England ancestry, in taking a glass 
of this racy beverage with our dinner—we wi 1 not advocate the or¬ 
chard for the liquor it affords, but for the food —the beef, pork, milk, 
&c. into which its fruit can be readily transformed. 
For the family, apples may be made to contribute alike to health, 
to pleasure, and to economy, and greatly to diminish the consump¬ 
tion of more costly food. As desert fruits, they are surpassed but 
by few in quality, and by none in durability; while in the culinary 
department, they afford a grateful repast, baked, boiled, roasted or 
fried, and, to borrow terms from the Cook’s book, may be served up, 
with rice, flour, &c. in black-cap, charlotte, cheese-cakes, compotes, 
dumplings, fritters, festoons, floating islands, fool, fraze, glazed, in 
jelly, marmalade, pancakes, pies, puddings, preserves, poupeton, 
.soufflet, in water, and a la Turque. In all these forms, we believe 
the apple is perfectly guileless; and in most of them may be indulg¬ 
ed in by the robust and the delicate, and by rich and poor. 
In the economy of the farm, apples are no less serviceable.— 
Every kind of farm stock feeds and fattens upon them. They serve 
as a substitute for corn in the piggery, for oats in the horse stable, 
and for slops in the cow-stall. They were evidently destined for the 
comfort of man ; and because they are capable of being converted to 
a bad use, shall we, for this reason, reject the many benefits they 
are calculated to afford us 7 Because bread-corn is convertible into 
alcohol, is it less worthy of our care and culture as an article of food? 
Those alone who abuse the gifts of Providence, are obnoxious to pub¬ 
lic morals. 
Our orchard, although a young one, is of great value to us. The 
early droppings of fruit were gathered by our pigs, and they contri¬ 
buted much to fit them for the fatting pen; and subsequently by 
boiling them with small potatoes, for fattening hogs, they have ena¬ 
bled us to save a good portion of our soft corn, which in ordinary 
years has not sufficed for finishing our pork, say 40 or 50 bushels, 
to deal out to our store shoats. Our orchard has enabled us to dis¬ 
pose of some fifty barrels of choice winter fruit, and to manufacture 
nearly as many barrels of cider, and it is now, in the form of apple 
pomace, adding greatly to the products of our dairy. On the first of 
December, we began to feed the pomace to seven milch cows, and 
have continued to feed them with a common wheel-barrow full per 
diem, and the effect has been to increase the quantity of milk marly 
fifty per cent. The pomace has not undergone but slight if any fer¬ 
mentation. 
The great indifference to orchards, we have no doubt, arises from 
an ignorance of the many advantages which they are capable of afford¬ 
ing to the farm, and to the bad quality of the fruit which is generally 
“ What is not eaten is given to the dung-heap,” is the excuse of the 
indolent and the prejudiced, for not cutting their cattle food. And 
we add, what is eaten goes in like manner to the dung-heap — manu¬ 
factured for use —or, wliat is better, is converted into meat, milk, <Spc. 
THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE 
Held its ninth annual fair at New-York in October. The exhibi¬ 
tion of American manufactured goods and machinery, greatly sur¬ 
passed, in variety and extent, those shown at any former period. 
About 30 gold, and 130 silver medals were awarded for articles of 
excellence exhibited, besides some hundreds of diplomas. About 
12,000 articles were shown, to 70,000 visitors. The Institute is 
doing an immense deal of good, and its acting members deserve much 
praise for the spirit and perseverance which they have manifested, 
and which we think have now triumphed over public apathy and in¬ 
difference. These fairs are to the manufacturing and mechanic arts, 
what cattle shows are to agriculture—schools of instruction, and 
stimulants to industry, enterprise and laudable competition. They 
bring people together for useful purposes—to make them acquainted 
with each other, and with each others skill and workmanship—they 
telegraph knowledge of all useful improvements, and of the skill and 
genius of our citizens, and the resources of our country. The an¬ 
nual address was delivered by Caleb Cushing, Esq.; and previous 
to the delivery o 1 ' the premiums, Col. Knapp made some remarks 
very pertinent to the occasion, and illustrative of the progress of 
the useful arts among us. These addresses, with a list of the arti¬ 
cles particularly distinguished, are published in the November num¬ 
ber of the Journal of the Institute. We subjoin some of the senti¬ 
ments given at the anniversary supper, as sound in principle, and 
happy in expression. 
“ The state of New-York—The greatest, may she ever be the brightest, link 
in the chain of our confederacy. 
“ The city of New-York—Great in prosperity, but greater in adversity—the 
devastations of conflagration is only a prelude to increased magnificence. 
“ American manufactures—The vigorous offspring of national industry and 
enterprise—they are now repaying a thousand fold the parental affection which 
guided their infancy. 
“ The great science of political economy—The art of establishing, cherish¬ 
ing and perpetuating all other arts for the public weal. 
“ The compromise bdl—A family reconciliation; a covenant of peace, which 
the honor and faith of the north and south are alike pledged to defend against 
all assailants. 
“ Internal improvements—They well rivet the union faster than a thousand 
political tinkers.’’ 
From Col. Knapp’s extemporaneous remarks, we extract the 
following, descriptive of the spirit of the age : 
“ Yesterday, as I wound among this display of these magnificent articles, I 
happened to hear a young gentleman, of no ordinary appearance, make this 
remark; ‘ Why is so much parade made in the exhibition of these articles? 
Have we not always been making of them?’ The answer I now give; No; 
we have not, until lately, commenced the manufacture of them. Look careful¬ 
ly to the history of our country; and the evils and vassalage we have suffered 
will rise in strong forms before us.” * * * 
“ The whole of the workshops in this country, twenty years ago, could not 
