larch 26. 1904. 
THE HARDENING WORLD 
251 
he gardening ^\/brld. 
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EDITORIAL NOTES. 
gardeners. Mr. J. Woodward Manning, the 
famous landscape architect, writes on the 
Pae-ony, the coming popular flower for our 
gardens, and illustrates the art icle by a series 
of beautiful original portraits of the best 
types. Mr. George T. Powell begins 1 a series 
of articles on the successful management of a 
country place by concise instructions on how 
to make- the soil productive. Fruit-growers 
will be interested in the stony of Jacob 
Moore’s great work in the production of such 
popular Grapes as Diamond and Brighton. 
The editor, Leonard Barron, severely 
criticises the action, of the Park Commis¬ 
sioners of New York City for the recent effort 
to use the park fences for general advertising 
purposes, and contrasts the policies of the 
Park Department of that city with that of 
Boston, where strong measures are taken to 
preserve the aesthetic values of park abut¬ 
ments. The new group- of American raised 
rambler Roses for trellises and arches is re¬ 
viewed at length by the editor, who states 
that since the introduction of Crimson Ram¬ 
bler and the Wichuriana Roses ten years 
ago an entirely new race has been produced 
from them. A brief review of the work of 
each raiser is also- given. Another important 
article on the Parks of Havana, (illustrated) 
tells o-f the great work of remodelling done- 
by the American military government under 
General Wood. Briefer notes deal with 
Onions, Chrysanthemums, the best Carna¬ 
tions, diseases of fruit trees and their treat¬ 
ment at this time of year, etc. “ American 
Gardening ” is the only weekly gardening 
paper in, the country, and is- issued for $1.50 
a, year at 136, Liberty Street, New York. 
The spring number has a beautiful cover in 
colours of the- Almond in flower. 
irary Notes. 
he spring number of “ American Garden- 
issued March 5th, contains many 
lable and seasonable hints for up-to-date 
National Fruit Growers Federation. 
The last monthly meeting of the- above 
federation was held at the Westminster 
Palace Hotel on the- 14th inst. The chair 
was taken by Colonel Long, M.P., wdioi had 
to leave at an early stage of the- meeting, and 
his place was taken by Mr. F. S. W. Corn¬ 
wallis-, president-elect-. A letter was read 
from Me.v r-. W. and H. Bracey, of Martham, 
near Great Yarmouth, respecting a, claim 
against the Midland and Great - Northern, 
Railway companies under owner’s- risk which 
had been recently tried in, the Yarmouth 
County Court, where the verdict, wa,s given in 
their favour, but, against which the railway 
companies appealed. At present, however, 
the conditions of conveyance of fruit- at 
owner’s risk are under consideration by the 
companies and by the Departmental Inquiry. 
Discussion also- to-ok place on the question, of 
preferential rates in relation to- a Bill that is 
being promoted in, the Ho-use of Commons 
termed the Lancashire and Yorkshire Rail¬ 
way (Steam Vessels) Bill. It is desired to- 
insert provisions in the Bill requiring that 
railway company to- state in their public rate 
books at the- ports of Gcole and Hull and 
others that may hereafter be established how 
much of such rate is appropriated by them 
or agree-d to be paid for (1) land cartage 
abroad, (2) do-ck, harbour, and shipping 
charge® abroad, (3) conveyance by sea, (4) 
dock, harbour and shipping, charges at the 
British po-rt, (5) and conveyance by railway, 
either by goods or passenger trains, including 
any terminal and cartage charge® in the 
United Kingdom. The Council fully approve 
of these- instructions-, and call upon all 
members o-f the federation who- are Members 
c-f Parliament to- support it. The next 
ordinary meeting, is- o-n April 18th, and the 
annual general meeting on May 9th. 
Destruction of Charlock. 
We- have on former occasions recorded the 
result o-f spraying Charlock in, cornfields with 
copper sulphate, as canoed out by Mr. G. F. 
Strawson, of 71a, Queen Victoria St., Louden, 
E.C. Spraying has been, conducted for 
several years past, and the results carefully 
recorded. This was donei again last year, 
and the superintendent of the operation says 
that it can be carried o-ut successfully by any 
workman. To- obtain successful results fine 
weather should be cho-se-n for spraying. The 
spray should b-ei fine- enough to- cover every 
leaf. A slight discoloration o-ccurs, but it 
is- only temporary. He gives- a number of 
conclusions which have st-o-o-d the test of three 
years and remain unshaken. These conclu¬ 
sions are: (1) Young Charlock can be de¬ 
stroyed in growing Corn, cro-ps without injury 
to the latter by spraying with 50 gallons of 
3 per cent, solution of copper sulphate; (2) 
Corn crops are much improved and give a- 
better yield where the Charlock is- destroyed 
arid young grass-seeds and Clover in the Cora 
remain uninjured; (3) spraying early when 
the wo-o-d i-s yo-ung -and in, soft- fibre is 
most- profitable ; (4) the larger machines are 
more successful than the smaller; (5) 
the profit derived from the increased 
yield of Co-rn is diminished in pro¬ 
portion to- the delay which occurs after the 
Charlock is- first fit to be sprayed ; (6) the 
increased yield of Corn by the destruction of 
Charlock leaves a, substantial profit after all 
thei expenses o-f spraying have been defrayed, 
•and the value o-f Charlock-infested land will 
increase until the extermination of the weed 
■is complete. The spraying season is longer 
than it is generally supposed to- be. It may 
be commenced in April, when the plant is in 
tender leaf, or a,t any time between that and 
the end of August, when the- plant is- in 
bloom. The destruction of the flowers would, 
of course, prevent the production of se-eds. 
