292 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
' it’il 2, 1904. 
occasion Mr. F. Enock, F.L.S., will exhibit “Natural Colour 
Photography of Living Insects and Flowers.” Mr. E. P. 
Stehbing, F.L.S., will give a lantern demonstration on “The 
Metamorphoses of a Moth from Madras.” At the last meeting 
Mr. B. Daydon Jackson gave an exhibition and lantern demon¬ 
stration of “ Botanic Illustration from the Fifteenth Century to 
the Twentieth Century.” 
* * * 
Devon and Exeter Gardeners’ Association.— At the last 
meeting of the society on the 23rd ult., Mr. Slade, of Poltimore 
Gardens, Exeter, read an excellent paper on “ Gardeners and 
their Duties ” at the Guildhall, Exeter. Mr. Wallace Mac.kay, 
of the Royal Nurseries, presided. Mr. Slade referred to the 
proposed National Gardeners’ Aslociation, and said it should 
be open to the younger members of the craft as well as head 
gardeners. Fie thought the lady gardener would also press her 
claim to be heard. He said that there was something more in 
gardening than walking about in the garden with a spade on 
one’s shoulder, and considered that a real gardener required a 
knowledge of botany, soil chemistry, landscape work, arbori¬ 
culture, and management of men. It was necessary for a gar¬ 
dener to keep himself thoroughly up to date with the hest 
varieties of everything and best methods of production. He 
should endeavour occasionally to grow something that would 
take the form of a pleasurable surprise to his employer. One of 
his duties was to plan work fully a year ahead. The survival of 
the fittest would apply to gardeners more in the future perhaps 
than in the past, so that every young gardener should endeavour 
to make himself efficient and still keep learning. The first prize 
for a head of Broccoli was awarded to Mr. Charley, of Wonford 
House Gardens ; Mr. Rogers, of Barley House, and Mr. Ford, 
of Fair Park, weTe placed equal second. 
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. 
The Editor invites enquiries for reply m this column. These 
enquiries may cover any branch of gardening. Questions should be 
put as briefly as possible, and written on one side of the paper only ; 
a separate sheet of paper should be used for each question. 
Readers are also invited to give their fellow gardeners the benefit 
o* their experience by sending supplementary replies. 
Replies cannot be sent by post, even if a stamped, addressed 
envelope is enclosed, and ths return of specimens cannot be undertaken. 
Anonymous communications are treated in the usual editorial manner. 
Address letters: The Editor, "The Gardening World.” 37 and 
38, Shoe Lane, London, E.C. 
Technical Terms respecting Agricultural Implements. 
Kindly let me know by return whether you can recommend me 
any book containing the technical terms respecting agricultural 
implements and machinery. (H. W. M.) 
We do not know of any book dealing solely with agricultural 
implements, etc., but there are many books on different branches 
of agriculture. There is also a very useful handbook suitable for 
the pocket which contains information of a very varied character 
relating to farming, and which every agricultural student should 
possess. This book is entitled “ Notebook of Agricultural Facts 
and Figures for Farmers and Farm Students,” by Primrose 
McConnell, B.Sc., price 6s. This is published by Messrs-. Crosby, 
Lockwood, and Son, 7, Stationers’ Hall Court, Ludgate Hill, 
Loudon. Some of the contents are surveying and levelling, 
weights and measures, machinery and building, labour operations, 
draining, embanking, .geological memoranda, etc. 
Articles for Competition. 
I beg to ask if it is not possible- to publish articles sent for 
competition whether they are entitled to the weekly prize or not. 
I am aware that your decision must, of course, be considered final. 
I ask the question as I was rather disappointed in not seeing any 
of my articles in your recent issue. My opinion is, the more the 
merrier. An answer will he -thankfully received through the 
columns of your valuable paper. (Trevor.) 
The articles sent in for competition have been rather numerous 
recently, and we are a little behind in their publication. If you 
have-sent anything in, it is tied in the bundle with others arriving 
the same week, so that they will appear in due time, and be placed 
in competition with those which arrived the same week. 
Florists who have certain Liliums. 
Will you kindly inform me in -the next- number of The 
Gardening World at wha-t florists’ the following varieties of 
Lilies are to be obtained?—L. uepale-nse, L spectabile album, 
L. japonic-urn, L. eximium, L. Martagon albo pleno, and L. sepalis 
albis. They are required for planting in a garden. I am in¬ 
formed that they cannot be obtained of florists in the West of 
England. Your reply in next week’s number will greatly oblige. 
tHortus.) 
You will be able to get L. nepalense from Messrs. Barr and 
Sons, Covent Garden, London; R. Wallace and Co., of Col¬ 
chester; and J. Veitch and Sons, Ltd., King’s Road, Chelsea, 
London. L. spectabile is not a good name-, as it has been given 
to two different Lilies that already had names. One of these was 
L. dauricuim, generally sp-elt L. davuricum. This you will be 
able to get from any nurseryman or seedsman who sells bulbs. 
The other plant to' which the name has been applied is L. 
Catetsbaei. As far as we have been able to observe, there is no 
white variety of it, however. The ordinary form you will he able 
to get from Messrs. Barr and Sons, who at least had it some time 
ago, and Messrs. W. Cutbush and Son, Highgate, London. 
L. japonicum is also a deceiving name. The typical form, as far 
as botanists are able to make out, is that known as L. Krameri. 
That you will be able to get fro-m any good seedsman. L. eximium 
is merely a good variety of L. longiflorum. That known in com¬ 
merce is generally named L. Harrisii. Messrs. Wallace are of the 
opinion that the true L.l.eximium is also- known as L.l.Wilsonii. 
You will he able to get t-ha-t variety from them. Altogether too 
many names have been given to> the varieties of L. longiflorum. 
They are not always obtainable true, and even when planted to¬ 
gether in the open it is very often impossible to see any difference 
between the one and the other. In our -opinion, if you get a 
good strain of the Bermuda Lily, free from disease-, aud call it 
L.l.eximium, you cannot be far wrong. L. Martagon albo pleno 
is an old and scarce variety, and we fail to notice anyone having 
it in cultivation. The same applies to- L. Martasron sepalis albis. 
The old white form, L. Martagon album, you will be able to get 
from the liurservmen w© named above. 
Many Spiked Hyacinths. 
I have a Hyacinth which has given five spikes, and several have 
two. Is not- this as good a record as a Daffodil with seven flowers ? 
(E. A. S.) 
We .should say that a Hyacinth with five spikes was more un¬ 
common than a Daffodil with seven flowers. We should prefer 
Hyacinths, however, to give only one flower spike, as the flowers 
must be small and the spikes poor if there are- more than one 
growing from the sarnie bulb, and therefore crowded as to space, 
besides exhausting the food supplies in the bulb by dividing it 
between a number of poor spikes instead of one good spike. We 
have seen a Hyacinth bulb producing thirteen or fourteen spikes, 
but none of the latter were of any great size. It seems to be 
brought about bv some- injury to- the centre of the bulb-, causing 
side-shoots or offsets to develop to some size within the mother 
bulb and thus give a number of spikes. 
Black Scum on Orange Leaves. 
Can you tell me if the black scum on the Orange leaves is due 
to a fungus ? Also how to keep it off the plants ? (F. Davison.) 
In the first place, the filth on the leaves of Orange trees is due 
to the presence- of scales, which excrete their wahte liquid 
matters on the leaves, forming a. semi-liquid gummy coating to 
the leaves when plentiful. A fungus usually grows'upon this 
excrementitious matter after a time, causing the black appear¬ 
ance which you mention. You will have to wash the leaves 
with strong soapsuds to get rid of the material on the surface. 
Afterwards your chief aim should be to keep the leaves and 
branches clear of scales. The leaves down below the scales are 
usually those that suffer most. A very good plan would be to 
syringe the plants occasionally with petroleum emulsion, a 
recipe for which we have frequently given in The Gardening 
World. The petroleum emulsion will destroy the scales, and' 
thereby prevent the deposition of filth on the foliage. 
Plants for Back Wall of Greenhouse. 
We are having the hack wall of a greenhouse wired to take 
plants. Could you give the names of some which are suitable? 
(H. D. W.) 
For a close cover you could not have better plants than Ficus 
stipulata (best known as F. repens) and Selaginella. kraussiana 
A very useful plant also is Zebrina pendula. Other plants that 
you can us-e are Begonia Rex in variety and almost any of the 
Ferns of moderate growth, including species of Pteris, Nephro- 
dium, Polystichum, Asplenium, and others. If you desire 
flowering plants to mix with the others, you could use Con¬ 
volvulus mauritanicus, Campanula isophylla, C. i. alba, C. 
