14, 1904. 
TUB GARDENING WORLD 
395 
he fiardenintj\^/brlcl. 
notice to readers and 
CORRESPONDENTS. 
iE Gardening World is published every 
Irsday morning, and dated for the following 
rday. Price, 2d. ; Annual Subscription, 
free, 10s. for the United Kingdom, for 
lad 12s. 6d., prepaid. 
bscriptions and Advertisement Orders 
nld be addressed to Maclaren & Sons, at 
i offices, 57 & 38, Shoe Lane, London, E.C. 
iijues, Post Office Orders, etc., to be made 
:.ible only to the proprietors, Maclaren & 
rs, and crossed London City and Midland 
ilk. 
JOTTERS FOR Publication, specimens for 
;iing, books for review, and all communica- 
i s on matters of an editorial character must 
i ddressed to “The Editor,” and written on 
i side of the paper only. All communica- 
i s must be accompanied by the name and 
ijress of the writer, not necessarily for pub- 
ifcion, but as a guarantee of good faith : 
ijials, or a noin de 'plume, will be used, if 
l red. 
[OTOGRAMIS AND OTHER ILLUSTRATIONS.— 
[; Editor will be pleased to receive photo- 
; pbs and drawings for reproduction of fine 
jiimens of flowers, plants, trees, fruit, etc., 
i:of interesting gardens. Only such as ar-: 
ifly to prove instructive and interesting to 
1. class of readers reached by The Gardening 
HRLD will be considered. If payment is 
1 red, the price for reproduction must be 
1 inctly stated, and it must be understood that 
) i the actual photographer or owner of the 
Aright will be dealt with. 
'etuhn of Manuscripts and Illustra- 
As.—The Editor will not be responsible for 
1 loss of unaccepted MSS., photographs, etc., 
) if stamps be enclosed for return postage 
u particulars for identification appear on the 
idtributions, ordinary care will be exercised to 
iijire return. 
i otice to Subscribers. —No change of 
i(ress can be made the same week in which 
ajmeation of it is sent. To prevent copies 
mg astray subscribers should, when possible, 
njify us a week or so in advance of their 
iifnded alteration of address. 
he Gardening World Telegraphic and 
Ciile Address is “ Buns, London ,” and the 
1\ephone Number is 997, Holborn. 
OMMUNICATIONS SHOULD BE AD- 
I ESSED TO “ THE EDITOR ” OR “ THE 
IBLISHERS,” AND NOT TO IN- 
IKHDUAL MEMBERS OF THE STAFF. 
EDITORIAL NOTES, 
reading was 30.45 in., while on the 13th the 
register was lowest, being 29.60 in. ATie 
average height for the month was 30.13 in 
The warmest day was the 14th, when the 
thermometer reached 68 deg. in the shade. 
There were 2 deg. of frost in the shade on the 
26th. The mean temperature of the month 
was 48.2 deg. The lowest reading on the 
grass was 28 deg. on the 22nd, which would 
mean 4 deg. of frost. During the month 
there were three frosty days in the shade, but 
frost occurred on five days during the month 
Rain fell to the extent at least of .01 in. 
on eleven days. The greatest rainfall in 
twenty-four hours was 0.43 in. on the 23rd. 
The total amount of rainfall for the month 
was 1.04 in., so that April, like March, was a 
dry month, and the heavy rainfall which oc¬ 
curred in the early part of the year does- not 
now show an excess, seeing that the total 
rainfall since January has only been 7.10 in. 
for this part of London. 
N* ieorologicai Observations, 
’lie meteorological observations for April, 
en at Holland House, Kensington, by Mr. 
Dixon, are now on bur table. The baro- 
ter was highest on the 1.9 th, when the 
Botanic Garden at Catford. 
Probably few of our readers at a distance 
from London ever heard of the private 
botanic garden at C'atford. Mr. Cochrane, a 
member of the Catford and Forest Hill Dis¬ 
trict Natural History Society, laid out a 
garden about four years ago, and stocked it 
with British plants. Mr. Cochrane is a very 
experienced field botanist, and during that 
period gathered together 800 species of w ild 
plants, arranged them, and cultivated them 
under natural conditions as to soil and situa¬ 
tion. During the past year various societies, 
while on their Saturday rambles, visited the 
garden of Mr. Cochrane. For some reason 
or other Mr. Cochrane is unable to carry mi 
the garden, having had to close it and give up 
possession. The present proprietor is will¬ 
ing for a slight remuneration to allow the 
garden to remain for a time and to keep the 
paths clear. Professor Ge-ddes, who was lec¬ 
turing at the Horniman Museum, says that 
the disappearance of the garden would be a 
real loss to the neighbourhood, and that it 
ought to be supported by the district. Several 
of the local inhabitants are also of the same 
opinion. The garden is situate® at the 
bottom of Castlands Road, opposite “ The 
Two Brewers,” Perry Hill, Catford, not 
very far from the stream which run! through 
the" place. This private botanic garden re¬ 
minds us of the industry of some other bota- 
' nists, like Don for instance, who cultivated 
the plants lie collected. 
Animated Photographs of Plants. 
Mrs. Dukinfield H. Scott, the wife -of Dr. 
D. H. Scott, has been amusing herself during; 
her spare hours by taking photographs of 
various plants at several stages of their de¬ 
velop 111 eut. One of the plants thus illus¬ 
trated by her is Spurinanuia afrieaua, a. plant 
belonging to the Lime family, and notable for 
the peculiar form of its numerous stamens. 
She wanted to show the development of the 
flower-bud in this species, and took a number 
of photographs at different stages of advance¬ 
ment. She also took photographs of the 
weather plant (Abrus precatorius), showing 
the behaviour of the plant and the movement 
of the leaves at various periods of the day. 
She has studied and photographed the Sensi¬ 
tive Plant (Mimosa sensitiva) much more ex 
tensively, for the photographs she took were 
very numerous, showing the leaves in all sorts 
of positions, the photographs being, taken at 
short intervals. ‘She thinks this a good way 
of putting on record the behaviour of leaves 
that are so readily influenced by the weather, 
and thinks that these records may be useful 
to those who 1 believe that the weather plant, 
so called, can predict weather, earthquakes, 
and other phenomena. No less than 162 
photographs of the Sensitive Plant have been 
placed together on one sheet, and reproduced 
by “ Knowledge and Scientific New T s.” Tiny 
are too small to show much, hut if these had 
been made into.lantern slides-their scientific 
value would he vastly increased. Dr. Sco! t 
himself is an ardent- morphologist, so that 
he has evidently a sympathetic partner to 
exercise patience with him in his -own studies. 
—o— 
By-products of Wineries. 
Our cousins across the Atlantic are nothing 
if not go-ahead members -of the community. 
The cultivation of crops for the production 
of raisins and wine in California is now very 
extensive. The seeds are removed from the 
raisins, and, consequently, are very bulimy, 
representing a great waste, seeing that tie 
crop -of 1902 reached ninety-six million 
pounds of raisins. There is also a waste -of 
material in the making of wine after the juice 
has been expressed. In the same year some¬ 
thing like forty million gallons of wine were 
manufactured. “ The Journal of the Depart¬ 
ment -of Agriculture of Western Australia 
says that the waste of seeds from the raisins 
represented thousands of tons. There js a 
company known as the California Produce 
Company, which had extensive and substan¬ 
tial buildings erected. For some time it w as 
a great puzzle as to what they were doing, as 
the work was kept in the strictest secrecy as 
to its operations. The company is now pre¬ 
pared to let the public know a little of what 
it is doing. The utilisation of waste pro¬ 
ducts forms an important industry in the 
United States. The by-products of the 
Grape were new problems to solve, and the 
company now states that it will manufacture 
an oil similar to olive oil, which can be used 
as a substitute for linseed oil, alp in fine 
toilet soaps. From the residuum tannin will 
'be extracted, and there still remains some¬ 
thing that will make excellent cattle f io:l. 
Cream of tartar and tartaric acid will he 
made from the pulp and skins, and a fine 
paper will be made from the stalks of the 
Crape. 
