436 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
May 21. 1904. 
ArPLES from New South Wales.— Hitherto Australian Apple 
growing for export has been confined to Tasmania, South Aus¬ 
tralia, and Victoria, but now New South Wales is entering the 
lists, and any doubt of the ability of that State to grow fine 
fruit would be dispelled by inspection of the Apples which have 
just arrived, and samples of which are to be seen at the New 
South Wales Commercial Agency. They were grown at the 
New South Wales Government Experimental Farm at Bathurst, 
and have b.en graded and packed by the Government. Un¬ 
fortunately, through the employment of too high a tempera¬ 
ture on the voyage, these Apples, in common with those from 
the other States in this shipment, have arrived in bad condi¬ 
tion, but the original excellence of the fruit is abundantly 
evident, and experts have declared that it is fully equal to the 
finest received this season. 
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. 
The Editor invites enquiries for reply in this column. These 
enquiries may cover any branch of gardening. Questions should be 
put as briefly as possible, and written on one side of the paper only ; 
a separate sheet of paper should be used for each question. 
Readers are also invited to give their fellow gardeners the benefit 
of their experience by sending supplementary replies. 
Replies cannot be sent by post, even if a stamped, addressed 
envelope is enclosed, and the return of specimens cannot be undertaken. 
Anonymous communications are treated in the usual editorial manner. 
Address letters: The Editor, “The Gardening World,” 37 and 
38, Shoe Lane, London, E.C. 
Wood Pigeons and Peas. 
A sowing of Peas in the lower part of the garden is being 
destroyed by wood pigeons, and we are not allowed to shoot them. 
Is there any means of keeping them away? (F. Bell.) 
We have had similar trouble with wood pigeons when the 
young stems were two or three inches high, and UYYT 
of the way part of the garden the pigeons were little disturbed, 
and soon did a considerable amount of damage. We earthed up 
the Peas, however, and staked them, after which the pigeons 
left them alone. Possibly the placing of the stakes there had 
the effect of hiding the Peas from the pigeons flying over-head, 
or it may be that they got frightened owing to this fresh arrange¬ 
ment. Any-way, that- plan succeeded in keeping the pigeons 
away, and the'Peas produced a fairly goood crop after all, out 
later’than they should have been. 
Bamboos for the Banks of a Stream. 
Please riv-e me the names of half-a-dozen kinds of Bamboos 
for planting on the banks of a stream, and say whether they do 
best in shade or full sun. (T. B. W.) . 
Bamboos will grow whether in full sunshine or slightly shaded 
by trees, but the shade should not be dense. The principal 
necessaries are a fairly rich and moist soil, and if you can 
afford them that together with shelter from winds, you may 
plant them in full sun. Good Bamboos that you might use are 
Arundinaria japonica., I hyllostachys Henonis, 1. nigra, P. aurea, 
P. viridi-riaucescens, and Arundinaria Kumasasa, better known 
in gardens as A. palmata and Bambusa palmata. 
Double Wallflower and Auricula. 
Herewith I send you some blooms to know what you think of 
them The Wallflower came amongst a bed of Blood Red last 
year and -is very pretty when at its best. I aim sorry Hie- speei- 
menis a bit far through. It seems to be -a double- variety of the 
ordinary Blood Red, but I never chanced to see it- before. The 
Auriculas are also a bit strange to me, and I am wondering as 
to what class they belong. Will watch for a reply in the “ Ques¬ 
tions and Answers ” column of The Gardening World. (John 
Y< The G Wallflower which you sent might very well be a double 
variety of the Blood Red, as the W-allflo-we-r is given to sporting 
from seed in this way. The flowers were very rich in odour, and 
after lyin°- with us a f'ew days became almost black. You will 
be unable°to get any seed fro-m the variety, as it is perfectly 
double and the seed pod is represented by a small cluster of 
yellow ’petals in the centre. Even the stamens have become re¬ 
duced to their stalks, so- that there will be no pollen as far as 
we have been able to observe. The 'only way you can propagate 
it is to take cuttings of the young nnflowered shoots when be¬ 
ginning to get hard at the base during next month. There art 
several double Wallflowers ill cultivation, some of which requirt 
to be raised- from cuttings, while there is a German strain whic-1 
can be propagated from seeds. Yours would belong to the formei 
class, and, being a- beautiful variety and distinct, is well wortl 
propagation in this way. The Auricula- is known as Double Yel 
low in gardens, arid is now getting fairly Common. It belong- 
to the show type, .as you may see by the- zone of meal or pasu 
around the eye of the flower. Although it belongs to the show 
class, it would not he considered -a sho-w flower, as they are al 
single. The dark purple variety you sent also belongs to the 
show section, but the form of the segments- is too narrow for 1 
show flower, -and would simply he classed amongst horde] 
Auriculas. It is also pin-eyed, and that- would be against it a. 
a show flower. 
Oak and Holly Leaves Injured. 
Enclosed are two leaves of the Evergreen Oak and two of ; 
Holly that are attacked by a grub, of which- I would like ti 
know the name if you can give an answer in next- week; 
Gardening World. (T. L.) 
The Holly leaves -are blistered by the grubs -o-f Phytomyz; 
11 iris, the Holly-leaf fly. The tiny grubs may be found in two. 
or threes inside the leaf, where they form a small tunnel or gal 
1-ery, and cause the blistered appearance. This takes place dunn- 
winter and spring, and when the -grubs are full fed) they tun 
into pupae inside the leaves, r oom thence they pass into tin 
perfect state early in the summer. The evergreen Oak leave 
are tunnelled and infested in the same way with a similar insect 
In the Holly the blisters are on Hie upper si-d-e of the leaf, whit 
in t-he evergreen Oak they -are on the lower side, and the grub 
must belong to another species. Unless they are very numerou 
they do not do a deal o-f damage, the worst fault being the dis 
figuring o-f the leaves. If you find it necessary to reduce t-heii 
numbers, -the only efficient wa-y o-f doing this is to- gather tin 
leaves at once -and burn them. All leaves which may be fount 
under the trees may be raked up and served in the same' way 
The picking of the leaves on the trees should be accomplishe: 
at once, in order to destroy the grubs while still inside. 
Black Fly on Cherry Trees. 
We have two Moxello Cherries on a wall facing north, anc 
eveiy year they get more or less infested with black fly. Coulc 
you say wha-t is the best means of getting rid of them: 
(Cherry.) 
The black fly in question is Myzns Cerasi, or Cherry fly. Ihev 
should be destroyed without delay, -as they give rise to flies ii 
July having wings. These fly away for a time to some othei 
trees, but they come back to- the Cherry in autumn, where the;, 
lay eggs that give rise to the vermin again in spring. There an 
two methods of getting rid of them, one of which is tobaccc 
water and soap. The tobacco water should be made from coarsi 
shag, so as to be quite strong. To each gallon of the tobam 
water add \ lb. of soft, soap. Dilute the mixture not to weaker 
it- too much, a-s the fly is very difficult to kill, and then syringe 
the trees. After a couple -of hours t-he trees may then be wel 
washed with the garden engine or syringe, applying the watei 
rather forcibly. This will wash down the aphides after benn 
killed Or sickened by tine tobacco- juice. Another plan that ha.- 
been employed is kerosene emulsion, or paraffin emulsion wil 
answer the purpose if carefully m-ade. The plan is to take 1 gal 
Ion o-f paraffin, | lb. soft soap, -and i -gallon of water. Dissolvt 
t-he soft soap in hot water, then pour it into the paraffin, and 
churn with the syringe until it -becomes thoroughly mixed 01 
emulsified. When Unis mixture has been completed in this wav 
it- might- be -allowed to stand a little to discover whether anv 
paraffin comes to the top-. If so, you should apply a little more 
soft soap, and churn the mixture again. When the paraffin 
is quite fixed dilute the emulsion with 15 times its bulk of rani 
water, and syringe the trees with this. The trees can be washed 
t-w-o hours afterwards, in order to clear the leaves of aphides and 
filth. 
Currant Shoots Drooping. . 
S-ome o-f the shoots on our Red Currant bushes are flagging, 
but tins can hardly he for want- -of water so early m the season. 
Can you suggest any reason for this behaviour? (\\. B.) 
I 11 all probability your Currant -bushes have been attacked wit h 
Sessia tipuliformds, one -of the clear-winged moths which are 
much -riven to depredations of this kind, though, luckily, t ie 
moth £ not particularly numerous. Eggs -are laid upon the 
voun-o- shoots and the grubs penetrate the same until they reacn 
tho pit-h, where they tunnel along the centre until the shoots 
