936 
THE GARDENING WORLD . 
November 19, 1904. 
these have beiemj in cultivation. -for many years past, but have 
been practically neglected in private estates, where the owners 
have been perfectly satisfied with the ordinary British Oaks: 
The landscape gardener and arboriculturists, have therefore 
still a fine reserve of material at command, for these American 
Oak® appear to bei as 1 hardy as our own, and in any case can 
bei planted in situations where they would bei relatively shel¬ 
tered while in leaf, hut after the fall of the leaf this shelter 
would be unnecessary. 
We mentioned the beauties of the Common Sycamore in 
spring, but fine effects can also bei produced by other” species 
in the autumn. Several of them die off of a beautiful and 
uniform, yellow. Even, in the northern parts of Britain the 
common Norway Maple is remarkably effective in tliis respect. 
The English Maple is less effective on account of its dwarfer 
habit and the fact that it usually forms hedges in rural disr 
trict'Si, seldom attaining the size of a tree. 
Several of the Maples which are admitted to' be effective 
in America are introductions' there just as much as here. 
Amongst others, we may refer to the many varieties of Acer 
palm a, turn. Even theiaa, which have purple or rod foliage in 
summer, assume other beautiful tints in autumn by intensi¬ 
fying or 'becoming paler by the introduction of yellow hues. 
Owing to' their smaller size these Japanese Maples are perhaps 
m ost, effective when employed in the planting of large b eds.. A 
very handsome Maple from AmuiTand is Acer Ginnala, which 
is to some extent related to A. tatarieum, but sufficiently dis¬ 
tinct to be considered a species. The leaves assume very 
handsome, red tints. 
Many of thei members of the Heath family are notable for 
the beautiful colours they assume in autumn. Amongst others 
we may mention the. Sorrel tree. (Oxydendro.n: arboreum), the 
leaves of which assume a. rich metallic red, not unlike those of 
the. Scarlet Oa.k. At certain, stages the colour might fairly 
well be spoken of as scarlet, on account of its brightness. A 
similar hue is. met with in Vaecinium corymbosum, which 
form,si a small, densely leafy bush about, 2 ft. high, and retain® 
its dying leaves for a considerable period. During this .stage 
a great variety of shades may bei noticed in, thei leaf, some of 
them, being bright, rich red', and, owing to the small size of 
the leave®, they arei extremely effective. While this happens 
toi be the ca,se in the open, ground, we think it would be worth 
while trying this small Whortleberry in pots, son that thei plants 
could be. used for decorative purposes while in their last, fading 
glories. 
Several of the Andromedasi, or, rather, the specie® of allied 
genera into which this has been separated, assume beautiful 
tints in great variety. Even the evergreen Azalea, amoena has 
an effect that is not to bei despised for those who wish to keep 
their grounds furnished in winter. Trees and shrubs belong¬ 
ing to other families include several species of Sumach (Rhus), 
including the Poison Ivy and R. glabra Iaciniata, while more 
sombre tints, if none the less beautiful, are exhibited by R. 
Octinus and R. eotinpide©. The Verbena family at least sup¬ 
plies one bushy shrub, that is notable for its beautiful autumnal 
effects—namely, Clerodendron trichotomum. Several of the 
deciduous Barberries have effective foliage in autumn, but. in, 
non©, perhaps, isi the effect more striking than in Berberis 
Thunbergi. 
Numerous members of thei Rose; family have more or less 
strikingly tinted leaves in autumn!, including a number of the 
specie® of Pyru®. Possibly, however, none of them have 
acquired more distinction in this respect than those. members 
of the genus to. which the Chokeiberry belongs. We. refer to 
Pyrus arbutifolia, P. nigra, and their varieties. The leaves of 
these assume varying metallic-purple and other tints. The 
effect is also, heightened by planting these subjects in, masses, 
for they are shrubs rather than trees. Amongst the Coton- 
easters we have both -evergreen and deciduous subjects, but as 
far as autumn tints are concerned, probably none of the species 
excels C. horizon,talis. The dying leaves assume a, brilliant red 
hue, and when the plants are old or well established and full 
of berries it is difficult, to say whether the leaves or the berries 
are the most effective: 
Amongst the species of Vine fine effects are produced by the 
leaves of some varieties under glass, but we refer more par¬ 
ticularly to the Virginian Creeper, Japan Ivy (Vitis inoon- 
stans), alsoi V- Coignetia.e and V. vinifera purpurea. The first 
two of these, at least, are well known. Amongst Conifers, a 
few of them are notable for the autumn or winter tints they 
assume, though not every planter regards the winter tints with 
any degree of complacency. The prevailing tint of the 
deciduous Cypress is chestnuhbrown, but that of the evergreen 
Cryptomeria ja-ponica elegans is a beautiful metallic-brown 
inclining to purple. We think the beauty of this latter is 
never seen to. better effect than when planted amongst other 
Conifers which retain their green 1 hues. Something similar to 
this Japanese tree may be met with in the winter tint of Re>- 
tinoispora squamosa and Thuya ericord.es. 
Several trees and shrubs are notable for the effect they pro¬ 
duce in winter, but in most cases this refers to the bark of the 
young wood. Notable exceptions are the Silver Birch and 
Scotch Fir, which stand out very conspicuously in woods and 
plantations' during winter by the pronounced colour of their 
old bark. In the case of those which are effective on account 
of the young bark only, the effect, is more under the control 
of the planter or cultivator, because these things may, and 
should, be cut down if fine effects are to be produced by the 
bark of the young shoots. We refer to the various species of 
Dogwood and Willow which can be manipulated at pleasure. 
Amongst the Dogwood® are several specie® with red bark, as 
in Cornu,s ; alba, C. a. sibirica, and other forms of this specie®; 
while‘in C. ©anguinea. the young bark isi usually of a, more or less 
pronounced pur ple. There are, however, some species of Dog¬ 
wood with a decidedly green hark, and these might bei em¬ 
ployed by way of a contrast with thei red one®.. 
Amongst the Willows we have some specie® and varieties 
which give very decided winter tints, and these are the more 
pronounced if the shoots are annually cut down, so. as to induce 
the production of another set for the following winter. When 
the Golden Osier is allowed to attain the dimensions of a tree, 
the bark of the young shoots is simply yellow. When annually 
cut down, the more exposed portions of the shoots become of 
a deep orimefon-red, while the basal portion of the shoots, 
having been shaded in summer, remain yellow. In Salix alba 
tritzensis we. have a red of an entirely different colour. In 
S. a. caerulea the branches assume a deep* reddish-purple, 
which is often very conspicuous, in, those parts of the country 
where the trees are regularly pollarded. In the Varnished 
Willow, S. decipiens, the shoots assume a, shining yellow-day 
colour, as if varnished. On, the other hand, S. fragilis basford- 
iana produces 'bright red shoots. Black isi by no means a 
common colour, but there is a wild variety of the Goat Willow 
(S. Caprea) which produces shoots that assume a rich black 
colour in winter, while the buds on the same shoots are fre¬ 
quently tinted 1 with a, bright red. To the above many others 
might be added, but our remarks' simply serve to show what 
an immense variety there is at the command of thei cultivator 
for the production of fine effects at all periods of the year, in¬ 
cluding autumn and winter. 
Chrysanthemum Mrs. W. Elliott. 
(,See Supplement.) 
Our supplementary illustration this week gives a, good idea 
of a, beautiful form of Chrysanthemum which may be described 
as belonging to the Japanese type. The flower is pure white 
aud made up of a large number of florets making a, dense, com¬ 
pact bloom. As the general tendency of the florets is droop¬ 
ing, and owing to their length, the flower is ds deep, as it, is 
wide. At a, moderate calculation, the bloom would measure 
7 in. by 7 in'., though some cultivators could no. doubt, grow it 
larger. As shown in our illustration the bloom is somewhat 
reduced. Th© florets are narrow, variously twisted and more or 
less interlaced, so that it would come within the gardening 
term as a refined flower. Our photograph was taken in the 
Leafy Grove Nursery of Mr. H. J. Jones, Ryecroft Nursery, 
Hither Green, Lewisham, on October 25th last. 
