968 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
November 26, 1904. 
always ensure that the roots will have plenty of good soil, so 
that the exposed position on the top of the wall is highly bene¬ 
ficial to the autumn tints of this much-neglected plant. The 
red Valerian and its white variety (Centranthus ruber and C. 
r. albus), although not shrubs, are admirably adapted for this 
purpose, and grow to a height of 2 ft., bearing no inconsiderable 
resemblance to a hedge. In a wild state, where they have be¬ 
come naturalised in this country, they select dry and exposed 
positions on banks, and would therefore be particularly well 
adapted for such a situation. Several of the Roses, including 
Sweet Briers, would also make handsome hedges in such a 
situation, if merely sufficiently cut back to restrain them 
within due bounds if space is limited. Cotoneaster microphylla, 
although not particularly showy as far as its flowers are con- 
cernell produces a wealth of berries which colour up in autumn, 
while the plant itself is well adapted for making low hedges 
in such a situation. 
Is the Foxglove a Biennial ? 
Some books state that the Foxglove is a biennial. That may 
be so in the case of wild plants, but there are several here with 
a wood crown of leaves, though they bloomed last summer, ban 
you say if this is usual? (J. Warwick.) < . 
It may be correct to say that the Foxglove is usually a bien¬ 
nial though that, like some other plants, sometimes continues 
to arow and flower for one or more succeeding years, according 
to circumstances, some of which may be accidental, beed- 
Hngs of the Foxglove in gardens, especially where they sow 
themselves, are often too much crowded to attain sufficient 
size to bloom the second year after germination, so that in this 
case the plants blooming the third year might not, technically 
speaking, be considered biennial. Garden plants, however, 
sometimes throw up shoots from the ground after havrag 
flowered, and thus continue the growth into another year. Wild 
plants under favourable circumstances do also sometimes flower 
a second time; notwithstanding these variations, it would be 
correct to say that the common Foxglove is a biennial on the 
average when the circumstances are favourable to its making 
a good growth and flowering strongly. 
English Irises. 
What is the best time to plant bulbs of English Irises, and do 
they require protection in the open garden? (Iris.) 
English Irises (I. xiphioides), being hardy, might nave been 
planted some time ago. Nevertheless, it is not too mte yet, 
and you should now plant them without delay, to prevent the 
wasting of the bulbs by allowing them to get unduly dried up. 
You should select a position where the soil is rich and fairly 
well drained. Some gardeners prefer a sandy soil. Our ex¬ 
perience is that English Irises will succeed well on land that 
is fairly stiff, and even inclined to clay, provided always the 
drainage is good. Some regard this Iris as not particularly 
hardy, but we have seen clumps of the ordinary or ongma 
form flowering splendidly in the same northern garden after- 
being left undisturbed for many years. We do not see why -he 
choice modem varieties should not be as hardy as the ongma . 
We think that, if the bulbs were not kept so long out <1 
the ground, they would get established before winter arrives, 
and keep in perfect condition. 
Names of Plants, 
(A. V. Main.) 1, Asparagus plumosus nanus (in the juvenile 
state) ; 2, Abutilon megapotamicum variegatum ; 3, Abutilon 
Sawitzii; 4, Abutilon Sawitzii, overgrown and coarse, the loose 
leaves being even larger ; 5, Codiaeum (Croton) \ an Oeistedn.— 
(R. A. W.) 1, Erica vagans; 2, Euonymus europaeus ; 3, 
Arbutus Unedo; 4, Gaultheria procumbens ; 5, Cotoneaster 
Simonsii; 6, Cotoneaster microphylla; 7, Hippophae rham- 
noicles.—(C. H.) 1, Prumnopitys elegans ; 2, Ahies nordman- 
niana ; 3, Thuya orientals aur'ea ; 4, Cupressus nutkatensis.— 
(A. J. B.) 1, Curculigo recurvata ; 2, Eupatorium riparium ; 3, 
Euphorbia splendens ; 4, Pelargonium Radula. (M. W.) 1, 
Ficus radicans variegata ; 2, Agapanthus umbellatus varie- 
gatus ; 3, Skimmia Fortunei. 
Communications Received. 
W Wilks.—R. G. Waterman.—Wm. J. Penton.-—J. C.— 
A. Garnett.— F. G. T.— Heather Bell.—W. TI. W.—T. M.— 
Nil Desperandum.—H. G.—R. W.—A. M. D.—R. B.—A. C.— 
J. L.—E. J. W.—A. S.—T. M.—H. P. W.—E. F.—S. A. N. 
Trade Catalogues Received. 
Dicksons and Co., 1, Waterloo Place, Edinburgh.—Dicksons’ 
Nursery Catalogue. 
George Bunyard and Co., Ltd., The Royal Nurseries, Maid¬ 
stone.—List of Rhododendrons, Hardy Azaleas, and American 
Plants. 
W. Cooper, Ltd., Horticultural Providers, 751, Old Kent 
Road, London, S.E.—Illustrated Iron Building List of Port¬ 
able Iron Houses and Studios. 
Dobbie and Co., Florists to the King, Rothesay, N.B—Ad¬ 
vance Proof of Chrysanthemum List, November, 1904. 
John Peed and Son, Roupell Park Nurseries, West Norwood, 
London, S.E.—Chrysanthemums, 1904-5. 
William Deal, F.R.H.S., Brooklands, Kelvedon.—Seed 
Potato s. 
W. P. Laird and Sinclair, Ltd., Dundee.—Bulb Culture: 
What to grow, and how to grow them. 
J. Thorne, Bulb and Plant Merchant, Haarlem, Holland — • 
Dutch Bulbs and Plants for Forcing. 
This Insur ance is not confined to Railway Train Accidents only, 
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CONTENTS OF THIS WEEK. 
PAGE 
Apple orchards in Ireland ... 954 
Chrysanthemum J. Fraser... 953 
Chrysanthemum Mme. de la 
Vertenville. 953 
Chrysanthemum Mary 
Richardson. 953 
Chrysanthemum Merstham 
Crimson . 958 
Chrysanthemum Mrs. Street 953 
Chrysanthemums, newer 
early. 956 
Chrysanthemums, the Ex- 
mouth . 954 
Crauberry crop, the. . 952 
Floiver garden, the . 948 
Fruit, hardy . 948 
Fruit trees the planting of . 956 
Fruits at the Handicrafts ... 947 
Hardy herbaceous plants, a 
plea for . 959 
. Heaths, some hardy. 955 
Herbaceous border, hardy ... 948 
Henslow, Rev. Profes or ... 947 
Horticultural Club . 955 
Linden Park, Hawick. 951 
Manuring, up-to-date .. 954 
Michauxia campanuloides ... 959 
News of the week. 967 
Obituary. 966 
Orchids, among the . 949 
Pinkhill, MurrayHeld . 950 
Potato produce. 947 
PAGE 
Questions and answers. 967 
Society and association notes 966 
Societies: 
Aberdeen Chrysanthemum 
show. 964 
Chester Paxton. 962 
Dulwich Chrysanthemum. 963 
Edinburgh Chrysanthe¬ 
mum show. 960 
Leeds Chrysanthemum 
show. 963 
Liverpool Horticultural 
Association. 962 
Y o r k Chrysanthemum 
show. 964 
Trees and shrubs in the far 
north . 957 
Vines and their culture . 959 
Weeds, destruction of 
noxious . 947 
Zauschneria mexicana. 953 
ILLUSTRATIONS. 
Chrysanthemum J. Fraser... 959 
Chrysanthemum Mine, ce la 
Vertenville. 955 
Chrysanthemum Mary 
Richardson. 961 
Chrysanthemum Merstham 
Crimson (see Supplement). 
Chrysanthemum Mrs. Street 953 
