December 17, 1904. 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
1017 
having its leaves perfectly undivided in the normal form, huh 
Syringa persica laciniata has very deeply cut leaves, this form 
being permanent. Several other trees might be named with 
laciniated leaves, but as they ordinarily have more or less 
deeply serrated or cut leaves, a laciniated variety does not 
come as a surprise. 
In this connection, however, there are several shrubs which 
ordinarily have perfectly entire leaves, hut frequently pro¬ 
duce others that are more or less deeply sinuated with some 
resemblance to those of an Oak. The Snowherry (Symphori- 
carpus racemosus) is one of these. Lonicera japonica is 
another in which deeply sinuated or scalloped leaves are fre¬ 
quently produced. Both of these belong to the Honeysuckle 
family, most of which are characterised by having undivided 
leaves. 
Another belonging to the Olive family, namely, Forsythia 
suspensa, frequently develops three leaflets, although the leaf 
usually consists of one leaflet. A closely similar instance is 
Fraxinus excelsior heterophylla, which usually has only one 
leaflet, though the common Ash has numerous leaflets. The 
Pea family offers another instance in Robinia Pseudacacia 
mouophylla, which has only one long, finger-like leaflet, instead 
of the usual pinnate leaf. The two latter are well marked varie¬ 
ties, and worth the attention of planters, not only for- this 
peculiarity, but because they are naturally trees of graceful 
and distinct habit. 
The Mount Etna Genista offers a peculiarity quite of its own 
kind. The leaves consist of only one small leaflet, so small 
indeed that at a distance the bush seems leafless when in 
flower. It blooms in June and July, that is, the middle of 
our summer, and presents the peculiarity of being leafless, 
but in full bloom at a time when most other trees and shrubs 
are at their leafy best. The bush varies from 4 ft. to 15 ft. 
in height, and its numerous racemes of yellow flowers, quite 
apart from the peculiarity of the bush, make it worthy of 
inclusion in even select pleasure grounds. A. R. 
Roses. 
Propagation and Winter Forcing.* 
The history of the Rose, as -a cultivated plant, dates back to 
the time of the ancients. The .poets have ever sung the 
praise® -of its beauty. The Rose family as widely distributed. 
From the Orient comes Rosa centifolia, the first flower, ac¬ 
cording to historians, from which scent was extracted. In 
Iceland is found Rosa, spinosissima, and even in Lapland Roses 
are found. In Ghana, there are vast, thickets of Rosa, seimper- 
virens, in which w r e are told that tigersi and crocodiles: can, lie 
in wait, for their prey. But thefe is no need to go abroad 
to see Roses. In our own country, climate and cultivation have 
improved many, and with crossing, we have as fine, a collection 
of Roses as one could wish for. From Rosa, nxoschata, and 
Rosa indica, we get the Noisette Rosies. The Tea Roses 
originated with R. indica, fragrans, but, have since become, very 
much mixed up with the Noisette Roses. The. origin in many 
instances of the Hybrid Perpetuals is unknown,; many have, 
come from inter-marriage between the Hybrid Bourbon, Hy¬ 
brid Chinese, Damask Perpetual, and Rosa gallica. Roses 
have been classified by florists rather than by scientists, and 
the result is not encouraging. There has been a, tendency to 
class all perpetual-blooming Rose® of an indefinite character as 
Hybrid Teas, consequently we find these to be exceedingly 
varied in character. For example., Bessie Brown, Caroline 
Testout, and Pillar Rose®, such as Longworth Rambler and 
Waltham Climber, No.. 3, are all thrown into, the same class. 
Space does not permit me to go into classification more fully, 
so I pass on to what concerns many of us to. a greater extent, 
that is the culture. 
I shall deal with the indoor culture first. There- are. two. 
reasons for growing Rose® indoors in this country—one. is 'n 
the case of forcing for winter bloom, the other is a quick 
means of propagation. Rose® that are grafted in May, and 
* A paper read before theKew Gardeners’ M.I. Society, by C.E. F.A , 
even in the early part, of June, are often ready for sale in 
August, and this being so much quicker than it is possible to 
expect a budded plant to grow out of doors, makes the prac¬ 
tice of great economic value to the nurseryman. November 
is the beginning of the indoor propagation period for Roses. 
The first thing one is concerned with is the propagating house.. 
This should be a well-built house, and situated in a spot 
where it will not be shaded, and the heating apparatus 
must be reliable. The actual pit or frame is best situated in 
the centre, of the house, thus avoiding cold outside walls-, which 
cause more condensation of steam than is desirable. A coat¬ 
ing of asheisi make® the best bottom upon which to stand the 
grafted stocks. Cleanliness is important in every detail of 
propagation; however, at Kew it, is not, necessary to- enlarge 
upon that. 
In America, and in many English nurseries, the Man eft i is 
used to a large extent indoors. I consider, however, that the 
stocks, best suited for this kind of work are the oomnnon Rosa 
canina. These are generally obtained from France; they are 
invariably cheaper, and, as a rule, every bit, as> satisfactory as 
the home-grown article. It seems to. me that if some enterpris¬ 
ing farmer (a rarei thing in this country) would only grow a. 
few acre® of seedling Briers be would make, a, good thing out 
of it. There would be a certain sale-, providing he sold them 
at, the. same rate a® the Continental people do. If he obtained 
15s. a thousand for them they would pay a good deal better 
than Swedes and Turnips. 
It is always advisable to have your stocks potted a year 
before they are required ; a stock is thereby much more likely 
to survive the operation of grafting than one which has just 
been, potted. About two or three weeks before commencing 
grafting, thei stock® should be put into a, cool pit.; thus the 
change of conditions is not so great. In selecting the grafts, 
the, vigorous, healthy, clean wood is what you want. In nur¬ 
series the plant® often get run down through the continual 
strain imposed o-n them by, year after year, selling the 
healthiest and leaving the dwindling, sickly .plant® for the un¬ 
fortunate propagator. This continued for a short time en¬ 
tirely turns a, good growing variety into a, stunted undersized 
one, giving no satisfaction to grower or buyer. The, preven¬ 
tion is to have a stock house where one can plant out those 
sorts most likely to, get run down. 
In all pro cesses of grafting, the, cambium layer of graft and 
stock must be: brought together, else failure is: inevitable 1 . It, is 
not always, possible in whip grafting to make them meet, on both 
sides, and in that case 1 , so long as they meet on one side it will 
suffice. The operation being performed, the grafted stocks 
are placed in the frame on a, well-moistened bed. The, tem¬ 
perature. in the frame, should be a-s near 60 deg. as possible. 
The lights should be wiped every morning to prevent the water 
dripping on to the grafts. After about eight days; leave the 
lights open for half-an-bour once a day. In two to, three, 
weeks the plants which have made a. good -start, to- grow should 
be taken out, and placed in a house the temperature of which 
should 'be from 55 deg. by night, to 65 deg. by day. While 
in the frame avoid watering as much as possible.. Keeping the 
ashes underneath well-moistened is imperative, but, the stocks 
require, little, if any, water. As soon as they come out a 
careful watering is necessary, but, syringing should not be 
started for a couple of weeks, and after that it, should be 
regulated by the weather. In sunny weather no plants like 
a shower bath more than, the Rose. 
Directly after Christmas potting commence®, and a good 
season means that one can, turn the grown, plants out of doors 
in the beginning of June, keeping in those required to- be of 
a specially large size for another six weeks or so. This is. the 
quickest method of producing plants, and, of course, is es¬ 
pecially useful to those in trade. Still, in these days when the 
rich man or woman expects to, keep a large amount of garden 
up for a small amount of money, it is a wonder more people 
do- not grow their own Roses. 
To obtain) Roses- by cuttings there a,re various -methods. The 
one I consider the most satisfactory under glass is the follow¬ 
ing:—Take some- well-established pot plants, of those sorts 
