December 24, 1904. 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
1055 
Bursaries at Studley Castle.— The Executive Committee of 
Lady Warwick College, Studley Castle, offers ten bursaries, 
tenable for two years, to daughters of professional men. live 
are in horticulture and live in dairy and poultry. 
* * * 
Foreign Fruits and Vegetables eor the Royal Botanic 
Society. —Some of the exotic products exhibited in the Royal 
Horticultural Hall have been donated to the Royal Botanic 
Society for placing in their museum. Messrs. James Philip 
and Co. gave Citrons, Grape-fruits, Sweet Potatos, Eddoes, 
Pomeloes, and fruits of the Cacao tree ; Mr. John Philip, of the 
Royal Mail Steam Packet Company, gave a green Cocoanut. 
* * * 
Market Gardeners’ Association. —A new movement has been 
initiated among the market gardeners of Aberdeen. A largely- 
attended meeting was held on the 8th inst., in the Adelphi 
Hotel, at which it was agreed !o form an association, to be 
called the Market Gardeners’ Association, Laving for its object 
the regulation of prices of vegetables as retailed. Mr. James 
Smith, Kaimliill, was elected chairman of the association. 
* * * 
Gardening Amenities at Preston. At a gathering of gar¬ 
deners of Lancaster and district, of whom some seventy assem¬ 
bled at tho King’s Arms Hotel to make a presentation to Mr. 
J. G. Shand on the occasion of his recent marriage, proposals 
were made for the formation of a gardeners’ association for the 
district, and heartily adopted. Mr. Shand, in returning thanks, 
said it was proposed to give to each elementary school in the 
town a dozen or eighteen plants, to be distributed at the dis¬ 
cretion of the head master. This was to be done about May 
next year. The following August and September an exhibition 
would be held for the same, three Certificates being awarded in 
order of merit to each school, and, in addition, it was intended 
to present a shield, to be called the William Shand Memorial 
Shield, to the school whose group secured the highest number 
of points for general excellence. 
* * * * 
Reunion of Glasgow Parks Employees. —The third annual 
reunion of the Glasgow public parks employees and friends was 
held on Thursday, 15th, in the City Hall, which was beauti¬ 
fully decorated with flowers and evergreens. Mr. James 
Whitson, superintendent of parks, who presided, raid the little 
spots of green on the civic map were out of all proportion to 
the mass of sooty-grey which marked what was called a city. 
Still, these spots were of vital importance to the health, and 
added no small measure of enjoyment to the toiling masses 
of humanity within its area. Prior to 1891 the city had only 
five parks, with an area of about' 440 acres. Now they had, in¬ 
cluding tli© Botanic Gardens, 15 narks, with an area of fully 
1,504 acres. That did not include the minor open spaces, of 
which tlieie were 25. In 1891 the staff employed averaged 
under 100, with an annual wage bill of about £4,250. Now 
over 300 men were employed, whose wages amounted to nearly 
£20,000 per annum. The general expenditure in 1891 was under 
£40,000, whereas the amount for the last financial year was 
over £82,000. These figures were suggestive of the immensity 
of their city, when it could afford to spend such a huge sum 
purely on its lungs or open spaces. They might, therefore, 
claim some credit as a useful as well as an ornamental depart¬ 
ment. 
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. 
The Editor invites enquiries for reply in this column. These 
enquiries may cover any branch of gardening. Questions should he put 
as briefly as possible, and written on one side of the paper only; a 
separate sheet of paper should be used for each question. 
Readers are also invited to give their fellow gardeners the benefit 
of their experience by sending supplementary replies. 
Replies cannot be sent by post, even if a stamped, addressed 
envelope is enclosed, and the return of specimens cannot be undertaken. 
Anonymous communications are treated in the usual editorial manner. 
Address letters: The Editor, “The Gardening World,” 37 and 
38, Shoe Lane, London, E.C. 
Streptosolen Jamesonii. 
I hope you may be able to state if the Streptosolen Jamesonii 
is, as I think it will be, useful for bedding. (J. R. B.) 
The plant you mention has been used for bedding purposes 
or something similar for several years past in the neighbour¬ 
hood of London. In any case it has been grown in private 
establishments in the open, and produced a wealth of blossom 
during August and September. In bygone times there seemed 
to be considerable difficulty in the fldwering of this plant, as 
the idea prevailed that it required special treatment to flower it. 
That seems to have disappeared since gardeners took to giving 
it liberal treatment. In the ppen air the abundance of light 
enabled the plant to make plenty of growth of a short-jointed 
character, while the leaves were of better texture under the in¬ 
fluence of exposure to sunshine. In the neighbourhood of 
London the temperature no doubt played an important part, 
and it is just possible that in your district the average summer 
might be insufficient to enable the plant to make good growth 
and flower well. That is a matter that has got to be proved, 
however, by direct experiment. We do not think it would com¬ 
mence flowering so early as tuberous Begonias, and certainly 
not so soon as Pelargoniums. 
Broccoli or Cauliflower. 
Please let me know through the medium of Tiie Gardening 
World what is the difference between Broccoli and a Cauliflower. 
Ours look very much alike. (L. K.) 
Besides the question of hardiness there is practically no dif¬ 
ference between most of the modern strains of Broccoli and 
Cauliflower. For instance, Walcheren Cauliflower by a differ¬ 
ence in time of sowing will be practically a Broccoli, and is so 
named. Judging by the name Broccoli, the original form con 
sisted of a sprouting variety similar to the sprouting Broccoli 
of the present day. Since that originated, however, raisers have 
made an endeavour to get varieties with a close, dense curd like 
that of the Cauliflower. This was procured in course of time, 
and some of the early varieties were rather green or creamy in 
colour, though for some time past the raisers have succeeded 
in procuring varieties as pure white as any Cauliflower. The 
self-protecting varieties serve to maintain the white colour 
better than the old open-headed sorts. No difference is now 
to be found between the Cauliflower and Broccoli (omitting the 
sprouting varieties), except one of hardiness and question of 
variety. 
Violets Damping. 
We have a two-liglit frame of Violets planted over a layer of 
dung, about 12 in. deep when put in. The frame is 2 ft. high 
in front, and 2g ft. at the back. Air is given on line days, but 
more of the blooms damp off than should be. They are well 
matted up at night, too. Can you suggest any plan of checking 
the evil ? (D. B.) 
We can only surmise and make suggestions as to the cause of 
damping in the absence of evidence. In the first place the 
changes from frosty to mild weather might have had some effect 
in causing the blooms to damp. We would suggest, however, 
that the upper end of the frame should be higher, so that any 
moisture collecting on the glass would run more readily away. 
If the sash was elevated at a steeper angle it would have the 
effect also 1 of catching more of the sun’s rays, besides encouraging 
the moisture that might arise to ascend to the top of the frames, 
where you can always make provision for letting it escape. 
During line weather the top of the sash should always be well 
tilted up, and if bright the sash might be tilted up at the side 
away from the direction of the wind. A little air should also 
be kept on at nights in mild weather, because moisture will 
always be arising owing to the presence of fermenting manure 
beneath the plants. The plants should always be as close to 
the glass as possible, and when the bed is made up provision 
should be made for this, so that the plants can be close to the 
glass at first, allowing subsidence to make more room for them 
later on when they become established. Another question is 
whether you have planted them too deeply, as the flowers would 
then have to push through the soil, and in the close atmosphere 
of a frame this would encourage damping. Under the moist 
conditions which prevail, a fungus sometimes gets a foothold 
in frames and hastens the process of damping, not merely of 
the flowers, but the foliage as well. If you have any evidence 
of this latter you might dust the foliage with flowers of sulphur. 
For the rest, an abundance of ventilation should be provided 
on all favourable occasions. 
Storing Fuchsias. 
Our stock of Fuchsias now occupies more space than we can 
well afford them, and as the early vinery will soon be closed for 
starting, the Fuchsias must be removed. We have a shed where 
frost can be kept out, but it is dark. Would two months in a 
dark place injure the Fuchsias l As we stand them on the 
lawns we do not want them to commence growth too early. 
(W. S.) 
Fuchsias do not particularly require light after the leaves 
have fallen, but they should not be allowed to make any new 
growth in the dark, otherwise it would be weakly. The pots or 
tubs should also be kept fairly dry, though the soil must not 
